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DAFTAR ISI

1. Descriptive...................................................................................................................2

2. Recount.........................................................................................................................3

3. Procedure....................................................................................................................4

4. News item.....................................................................................................................5

5. Narrative.................................................................................................................... ..7

6. Report...........................................................................................................................9

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DESCRIPTIVE By : Hanny Novianti Evissa

( 13/XI IA 3) Social Function descriptive: To describe a particular person, place or thing. Generic Structure descriptive: 1. Identification (identify phenomenon to be described) 2. Description (describe parts, qualities, characteristics) Language features descriptive: • Focus on specific participants • Use of attributive and identifying processes • Frequent use classifiers in nominal groups. • Use of the Simple Present Tense Example:

Jatim Park

For people in East Java, Jatim Park may have been heard many times as it is one of thefamous tourism object in East Java province. Jatim Park offers a recreation place as well as astudy center.Jatim Park is located at Jl. Kartika 2 Batu, East Java. To reach the location is not too difficultbecause the object is only 2, 5 kilos meters from Batu city. This Jatim Park tourism object isabout 22 hectares width.Visitor can enjoy at least 36 kinds of facilities which can attract them as well as give newknowledge. Just after the pass gate, the visitors will find an interesting view of ‘GaleriNusantara’ area. This study offering continues to step on ‘Taman Sejarah’ area, whichcontains of miniature temple in East Java like Sumberawan temple, customhouse of KiaiHasan Besari Ponorogo and Sumberawan Statue.The other facility which is able to be enjoyed is ‘Agro Park’ area. It presents crop andrareness fruits, animal diorama which consists of unique animals that have been conserved,and supporting games like bowling, throw ball, scooter disco, etcJatim Park is suitable for family and school recreation. The recreation area sites offerprecious tour and can used as alternative media of study.

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By : Hermawan Okto Riantoko ( 14/XI IA 3)

1. Purpose : to retell the past event / experience.

2. Generic Structuyres : 1.Orientation (introducing who/what/when/where)

2.Series of Event

3.Reorientation (personal comment)

3. Language Features : 1.Past Tense

2.Past Continuous Tense

3.Past Passive Voice

Sangiran Museum Last monthe my family and I visited Sangiran museum, one of the

historical sites in Indoneisa. It is located in the north of Surakarta. We went there by car. On the way to Sangiran Museum we saw many notices showing the sites of fossil discoveries. The visitors could also see the view around the sites from the tower on the top of a hill. A long the road, there are many souvenir shops. They mostly provide unique and antique souvenirs made of stones.

Arriving at the gateway of the Sangiran Museum, we bought entrance tickets and parked the car. Then, we walked to the museum. There are two main buildings which are connected by a small long corridor.

In the first building, we saw many fossils dealing with prehistoric men. There we could learn Darwin's theory of evolution and see the miniaturs of humans evolution according to Darwin theory. We could also see the equipment used by prehistoric men to live and search food. Besides, we also saw a diorama showing miniatures of prehistoric men and their living. We could take photographs on the miniatures, but we were not allowed to touch them. In that place we felt as if we lived in prehistoric ages.

After that we went to next building through the corridor. the museum is located in a high area. Therefore we could see the view of the valley below the museum from the corridor.

Finally we reached the second building. In the building we could see many animals fossils. such as the fossils of a very big elephants tusk, a crocodile's jaw, some other animals skeleton and many more. We could also see a map showing the sites of fossils discoveries

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PROCEDURE

By : Ika FArikah ( 15/XI IA 3)

Social function: To help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions

or directions.

Text organization:

1. Goals ( the final purpose of doing the instruction)

2. Materials ( ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instructions)

3. Steps ( a set of instruction to achieve the final purpose)

Language features :

Use of imperative ( Cut…….., Don’t mix……..)

Use of action verbs (turn, put)

Use of connectives(first, then, finally)

Recipe for French Toast

You are going to need:

4 pieces of bread

1 spoon of sugar

2 eggs

A quarter of a cup of milk

Butter

Pan

Fork

Bowl

1. Before you start to cook, you have to read the recipe. 2. After you read the recipe, put everything on the counter. 3. When everything is ready, break the eggs, pour a quarter of the milk in the bowl,

then add a small spoon of sugar. Mix the eggs, milk and sugar. 4. Next, put a piece of bread in the bowl with the eggs, milk and sugar. Turn over the

bread. 5. Now, put some butter in the pan. Turn on the stove. 6. When the pan is hot, take the bread out of the bowl and put it into the pan. 7. After you cook one side of the bread, cook the other side. 8. After you finish the first place of the bread, cook the other pieces. 9. Now you have French toast!

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NEWS ITEM

By : Isnaeni Nur Chasanah ( 16/XI IA 3)

The Communicative Purpose of the text

To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered

newsworthy or important.

The Generic Structures

1. Headline.

2. Newsworthy Event(s): (News in brief)

3. Background Events: elaborate what happened, to whom, in what circumstances.

4. Sources: comments by participants in, witnesses to and authorities expert on the event.

5. Significant Lexicogrammatical Features

It use:

Simple Past Tense.

Use of Material Processes to retell the event.

Use of projecting Verbal Processes in Sources stage

Information on the use of head lines.

Use of action verbs

Use of saying verbs

Use of passive sentences

Use of adverbs in passive sentences

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The Example of News Item and it’s strucktures

Jakarta (JP). The number of people injured in the

weekend earthquake in the Central Sulawesi capital of Palu

reached 26.

The earthquake, measuring 5,8 in the opened Ritcher

Scale, also damaged or destroyed hundreds of buildings. So

far no deaths have been reported.

“Only 3 of the 26 injured are still being treated at a

government clinic. In the Sausu Trans village, the rest have

returned home,” Mohammad Haerollah, an official of the

Central Sulawesi Office of the Ministry of Social Services, told

the Jakarta Post yesterday.

Officials at the meteorology and geophysics office in

Palusaid earlier that the epicenter was in the Gulf of Tomini,

32 kilometers east of Palu, at a depth of 32 kilometers. The

office recorded 396 tremors between 5.30 p.m on Saturday

and 12.00 a.m on Sunday. However, locals felt 47 of the

tremors.

Antara News Agency reported on Saturday that most of

the casualties were adults, injured by collapsing structures.

The agency also said, that victims were mainly residents of

the Sausu, Suli, Torono, and Malakosa villages.

“abcd” : saying verbs

“abcd” : action verbs

“abcd” : passive sentence

HEADLINE

NEWSWORTHY EVENTS

B ACKGROUND EVENTS

SOURCES

POINT OF BACKGROUND

EVENTS

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NARRATIVE

By : Kholill Bayu A ( 17/XI IA 3)

Social function: To amuse or entertain the readers with actual or imaginary experience

in different ways. Narrative always deals with some problems which lead to the climax and then turn into a solution to the problem.

Generic Structure: 1. Orientation ( who was involved, when and where was it happened) 2. Complication ( a problem arises and followed by other problems) 3. Resolution ( provide solution to the problem)

Language features: 1. Use of noun phrases ( a beautiful princess, a huge temple) 2. Use of adverbial phrases of time and place ( in the garden, two days ago) 3. Use of simple past tense ( He walked away from the village) 4. Use of action verbs ( walked, slept) 5. Use of adjectives phrases ( long black hair)

A long time ago, the ancient land of Sunda was ruled by a king and a queen who had but a single daughter. Her name was Dayang Sumbi. She was beautiful and clever but also pampered and spoiled.

One day as she was weaving in her pavilion, she became moody and distracted, which caused her to keep dropping her

shuttle on the floor. Once when it fell she exclaimed she would marry the one who gave it back to her. At that very moment her dog Tumang, a demigod possessing magic powers, came up to her with the shuttle in his mouth. Dayang Sumbi had to marry him.

They lived happily together, and Dayang Sumbi gave birth to a baby boy, human in appearance but endowed with his

father's magic powers. She named him Sangkuriang. As the boy grew up, he was always guarded by the faithful dog Tumang, whom he knew only as a companion and not as his father, Sangkuriang became handsome and brave.

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One day his mother asked him to go hunting with the dog and bring her venison for a feast. After hunting all day without success, Sangkuriang worried about facing his mother empty-handed. Desperate, he took an arrow and shot the dog. He returned home and handed over the meat to his pleased mother.

Soon after the feast, however, Dayang Sumbi questioned her son about the absence of Tumang. At first he evaded her queries but finally told her what had happened. She was horrified and struck her son so hard on the temple that he collapsed. For that, the old king banished his daughter from the court and she was made to roam around the kingdom. Sangkuriang recovered with a large scar on his temple, and he too left the court to wander about the world.

Years later, Sangkuriang met a beautiful woman and instantly fell in love with her. It was his own mother-they did not recognize each other. He pro¬posed to her and she agreed to marry him. On the day before the wedding, as she was caressing her fiancee's hair, Dayang Sumbi detected the scar on the temple. Horror struck her, for she was about to marry her own son, Sang¬kuriang. Without revealing the whole truth to him, she tried unsuccessfully to dissuade him.

Desperate to avoid the marriage, she set conditions she thought impossible to meet: Sangkuriang had to make a lake

that filled the whole val¬ley and build a boat for the couple to sail in, all before dawn. Sangkuriang started to work. His love gave him extraordinary strength, and he used his magic powers to summon the

spirits to help him. With boulders and mud they dammed the river in the valley and the water rose and began to form a lake. In the early morning hours he chopped down a huge tree in the forest and began hollowing it out to make a boat.

When Dayang Sumbi saw that he was about to accomplish what she had thought impossi¬ble, she called on the gods to bring the sun up early and thwart Sangkuriang.

The cock crowed, the sun rose much earlier than usual, and Sangkuriang realized he had been deceived. In a fit of fury

he cursed Dayang Sumbi and kicked the half-finished boat back into the forest. There it lies upside down today, forming

the mountain Tangkuban Perahu (Upturned Boat). Not far away is the stump of the tree Sangkuriang had felled, now

called Bukit Tunggul. The dam Sangkuriang had built caused the valley to become a lake, where both Sangkuriang and Dayang Sumbi drowned themselves. They were never heard of again.

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REPORT TEXT

By: Lintang Rainamaya Nursanti XI IPA 3 Class/ No. 18

The purpose of the text : To describe something in general.

Text Organization :

General classification

Introduces the topic of the report.

Identification

Give the form, parts, visibility, variations, etc.

Language Features:

o The use of general nouns

(e.g.: rainbow, Orchids, etc.)

o The use of relating verbs

(e.g.: is, are, etc.)

o The use of present tenses

(e.g.: There are many variations of the rainbow.)

o The use of technical term

(e.g.: A spectrum obtained using a glass prism and a point

source.)

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RAINBOW

A rainbow is an optical and meteorological phenomenon that is caused by

reflection of light in water droplets in the Earth's atmosphere, resulting in a spectrum of

light appearing in the sky. It takes the form of a multicoloured arc. Rainbows caused by

sunlight always appear in the section of sky directly opposite the sun.

In a "primary rainbow", the arc shows red on the outer part and violet on the

inner side. This rainbow is caused by light being refracted while entering a droplet of

water, then reflected inside on the back of the droplet and refracted again when leaving

it. In a double rainbow, a second arc is seen outside the primary arc, and has the order of

its colours reversed, red facing toward the other one, in both rainbows. This second

rainbow is caused by light reflecting twice inside water droplets.

The rainbow is not located at a specific distance, but comes from any water

droplets viewed from a certain angle relative to the Sun's rays. Thus, a rainbow is not an

object, and cannot be physically approached. Indeed, it is impossible for an observer to

manoeuvre to see any rainbow from water droplets at any angle other than the

customary one of 42 degrees from the direction opposite the Sun. For colours seen by a

normal human eye, the most commonly cited and remembered sequence is Newton's

sevenfold red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. Rainbows can be caused by

many forms of airborne water. These include not only rain, but also mist, spray, and

airborne dew.

Rainbows can be observed whenever there are water drops in the air and

sunlight shining from behind at a low altitude angle. The most spectacular rainbow

displays happen when half the sky is still dark with raining clouds and the observer is at

a spot with clear sky in the direction of the sun. The result is a luminous rainbow that

contrasts with the darkened background.

The rainbow effect is also commonly seen near waterfalls or fountains. In

addition, the effect can be artificially created by dispersing water droplets into the air

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during a sunny day. Rarely, a moonbow, lunar rainbow or nighttime rainbow, can be

seen on strongly moonlit nights. As human visual perception for colour is poor in low

light, moonbows are often perceived to be white. At good visibility conditions (for

example, a dark cloud behind the rainbow), the second arc can be seen, with inverse

order of colours. At the background of the blue sky, the second arc is barely visible.

A spectrum obtained using a glass prism and a point source, is a continuum of

wavelengths without bands. The number of colours that the human eye is able to

distinguish in a spectrum is in the order of 100Accordingly, the Munsell colour system (a

20th century system for numerically describing colours, based on equal steps for human

visual perception) distinguishes 100 hues. However, the human brain tends to divide

them into a small number of primary colours. The apparent discreteness of primary

colours is an artefact of the human brain. Newton originally (1672) divided the

spectrum into five primary colours: red, yellow, green, blue and violet. Later he included

orange and indigo, giving seven primary colours by analogy to the number of notes in a

musical scale.

The colour pattern of a rainbow is different from a spectrum, and the colours are less

saturated. There is spectral smearing in a rainbow due to the fact that for any particular

wavelength, there is a distribution of exit angles, rather than a single unvarying angle. In

addition, a rainbow is a blurred version of the bow obtained from a point source, because the

disk diameter of the sun (0.5°) cannot be neglected compared to the width of a rainbow (2°). The

number of colour bands of a rainbow may therefore be different from the number of bands in a

spectrum, especially if the droplets are either large or small. Therefore, the number of colours of

a rainbow is variable. If, however, the word rainbow is used inaccurately to mean spectrum, it is

the number of primary colours in the spectrum.

There are many variations of the rainbow. Some of them are: Multiple rainbows,

Twinned rainbow, Tertiary and quaternary rainbows, Higher-order rainbows,

Supernumerary rainbow, Reflected rainbow, reflection rainbow, Monochrome rainbow,

Rainbows under moonlight, Fogbow, Circumhorizontal arc, Rainbows on Titan.