Kuliah ... Sejarah Filsafat

7/24/2019 Kuliah ... Sejarah Filsafat

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SEJARAH FILSAFAT


2/31

Sejarah Ilmu PengetahuanSejarah Ilmu Pengetahuan

Pemikiran filsafat banyak

dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan

Pd dasarnya filsafat (Barat, India,

Cina) muncul sifat yg religius

Di unani (mitos), India (!eda,

"indu), Cina (confusius)

Barat# mitos diganti rasio

India# tidak pernah lepas

induknya $gama "indu

Pembagian periodisasi filsafat

Barat %aman (&uno, $bad

Pertengahan, 'odern, &ini)


Cina %aman (&uno,

Pembaruan, eo&onfusionisme,

'odern)


India periode (!eda,

!iracarita, *utra*utra, *kolastik)

Periode +ilsafat unani sangat

penting menadi acuan


3/31


4/31

-$I &-.

/*'

'

I0.*

+I1*$+$0

2*' /'

1

.3.*

$B$D 043$"

56'

0"4.1.3I

$(CI11$

0"4.1.3I$4

$B$D '.D47

58' 59'

$B$D &.04'P.747

:;'565


5/31

YUNANIKUNO

MITOS ..... - 6SM

LOGOS 3SM - 6M


6/31

FILSAFATFILSAFAT

Phylo ? menyenangi

*ophia ? biaksanaMITOLOGI

Dongeng, 0akhayul

Pertanyaan timbul

(ingin tahu)D4'I0.1.3I

Dipikirkan

(secara kritis)

LOGOS

(ilmu)


7/31

$pakah ARCHEdari segala sesuatu yang ada @

0hales (/:6


8/31

*.C7$04* (6/9 299*')

P1$0. (6: 26 *')

$7I*0.0414* (286 2:: *')

Dialektika

7asionalisme

'etafisika

1ogika

Biologi

4mpirisme


9/31

"bad # S $ %

Periode +ilsafat unani

$hli filsafatnya 0hales

'enggunakan poladeduktif

&emunculan ilmu sangat

berkembang

"bad % $ #

Periode &elahiran abi

Isa

Pertentangan 3erea

+ilsafat mengalami

kemunduran

7aa membatasi

kebebasan berfikir


10/31

ABAD PERTENGAHAN

$CI11$ 0"4.1.3I$4

ABAD KEGELAPAN

BAGI ILMU PENGETAHUAN

D.3'$

D.3'$

D.3'$D.3'$

D.3'$

D.3'$

D.3'$

D.3'$

D.3'$


11/31

RENAISSANCE

AUFKLARUNG

(P4C47$"$)

56 5< '$*4"I

58 '$*4"I

P47'-1$$ $B$D '.D47

14.$7D. D$ =ICI

C.P47IC-*&4P147

3$1I14. 3$1I14I

+7$CI* B$C.

=.10$I74> 7.-**4$-

'.04*E-I4-

I''$-41 &$0


12/31

AGAMA DAN FILSAFAT MULAI DI PISAHKAN

$3$'$ DI D$*$7I &4$&I$ (&4I'$$)

+I1*$+$0 DI D$*$7I .14" .1$" PI&I7 (*4&-1$7I*$*I)

7$*I.$1I*'4

4'PI7I*'4

&7I0I*I*'4

ID4$1I*'4

P.*I0I=I*'4

0-'B-" I1'-I1'- C$B$3 (F'4I33$1&$ +I1*$+$0G)

BI.1.3I$*07..'I

'$04'$0I&$

+I*I&$

&I'I$

*.*I.1.3I


13/31

SKEMA HUBUNGAN FILSAFAT DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN


14/31

perkembangan

"bad # ditandai dengan runtuhnya mitologi

dan dongeng&dongeng!

"bad #&'# ditandai dengan kuatnya doktrin

teologis atau anciella theologia! (ilsafatdigunakan untuk memperkuat keyakinan agama!

"bad '# zaman modern yang ditandai dengan

renaissans merebaknya ilmu pengetahuan!

"bad )% atau zaman pasca renaissans ditandai

dengan menguatnya pemikiran pasca modernis


15/31

Mythlgy

"im of early *reek philosophers is to findnaturalrather than supernatural e+planationsfor natural practices


16/31

Natural Ph!l"#her"

ature of the physical -orld

Science

.hales $ #)/01 $ /2/01 $ *reek colony in "siainor $ first kno- philosopher $ e3erything from-ater $ single basic substance

"na+imander $ #'%&/2# 01 $ all created things

are limited $ that -hich comes before and aftermust be 4boundless5 & basic stuff could not be asordinary as -ater

"na+imenes $ /6%&/)# 01 $ source of all thingsmust be air of 3apour


17/31

Dem$r!tu"

2#%&76% 01

4e3erything -as built up of tiny in3isible blocks5 8p!279

:ach block -as eternal and immutable

firm and solid

not all the same $ different shapes and sizes

unlimited number

1alled atoms, 4un&cuttable5 8p! 279


18/31

H% a$$urate !" Dem$r!tu"

thery t %hat %e &n% t'ay(

"toms theory still e+ists

P! ;2 $ the lego horse $ Plato


19/31

Athen" ) $!r$a *+, B-

41ultural center of the *reek -orld!5 8p! #'9

(ocus changed from natural philosophy to4the indi3idual and the indi3idualemocracy e3ol3ed"rt of rhetoric $ 4saying things in a

con3incing manner!5 8p! #)9


20/31

Prm!nent Ph!l"#her"

Sophist $ 4a -ise and informed person5 8p! #)9 $ 4man and his place in society5 8p! #)95

4o absolute norms for -hat -as right or -rong!5 8p!#79

Protogoras 82;/&2'% 019 4an is the measure of allthings5 8p! #)9


21/31

S$rate"

26%&7?? 01

there are norms-rote nothing do-ngreatest influence on -estern thinkingtaught in the city s@uares

kno-n to us through Plato


22/31

S$rate"

died because of his con3ictions


23/31

Plat

2);&726 01

Pupil of Socratestheory of ideasyth of the ca3e $

denies the reality ofthe natural -orld=e must become

enlightened


24/31

Myth . the -a/e

(rom The Republic

=hat -e take in -ith our senses is not real,but rather a poor copy of it $ -e see onlyshado-s $ imprisoned by our senses $ theshado-s are less real than the actualShould take in the -orld intellectually

Agnorance is likened to imprisonment


25/31

Plat an'Ar!"ttle


26/31

Ar!"ttle

7;2&7)) 01

student of Plato:lemental theory $ fire, -ater, -ind, earthBejected PlatoCs 4-orld of ideas5Senses are important

=omen as inferior


27/31

Me'!e/al0Bar1ue

achia3elli $ '2#?&'/)6 $ control populace $politics, go3ernment & t-o books, .he Prince

is still used today in politics 8Stalin really liked.he Prince9

Spinoza $ '#7)&'#66 & in *od 8onesubstance9 tolerance and free thought $

4Bationalist ystic5Hobbes $ '/;;&'#6? $ materialist $ natural-orld $ political thinking & .he De3iathan $4.he 3alue or -orth of a man is, as of allthings, his price!5


28/31

TH2MAS H2BBES3+4453678

4"lam semesta, segala yang ada, bersifatkorporeal, atau badani, yang memiliki dimensi

besaran panjang, lebar, dan kedalaman5

Yang ada hanyalah materi,

Setiap benda bergerak, termasuk manusia,

adalah mesin

Proses mental merupakan gerakan materi yang

ada dalam kepala manusia! Hobbes terpesona oleh gerak, khususnya

setelah mengunjungi *alileo!


29/31

Docke $ '#7)&'6%2 $ father of empiricismand liberalism, education! 4"ll mankind isgood and ought not to harm one another!54o man


30/31

E9!"tent!al!"m0M'ern!"m

Kierkegaard $ ';'7&';// $ father of e+istentialism &indi3idual finds o-n identity a problem $ mystery ofo-n e+istence

de0eau3oir & '?%;&'?;# $ (rench e+istentialist $

Sartre & feminism Sartre $ '?%/&'?;% $ fate doesnCt e+ist $ man is

-hat he concei3es himself to be 4Hell is otherpeople!5

>escartes $ '/?#&'#/% $ father of modern

philosophy $ method of doubt & 41ogito ergo sum & Athink therefore A am!5 1amus$ '?'7&'?#% $ (rench -riter $ absurd that

humans demand significance in an indifferentuni3erse & 4an is the only creature -ho refuses tobe -hat he is!5


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Sen"e" r Rea"n

:mpiricists $ belie3e that -e learn throughour sensesE -e learn based on obser3ation,

e+perience E -e are born -ith a clean slate8tabula rasa9

Bationalists $ belie3e one has to ha3e anunderstanding of one

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