Kuliah - Refraksi - Dr. Endang

7/17/2019 Kuliah - Refraksi - Dr. Endang

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REFRAKSIOLEH:

ENDANG PURWANTI



MATA = KAMERA

- MEDIA REFRAKTA

- RETINA = FILM

MEDIA REFRAKTA:- KORNEA, HUMOR AQUEUS, LENSA, VITREUS

- JERNIH

- PERMUKAAN, KURVATURA, INDEKS BIASBERBEDA

- MERUPAKAN SATU KESATUAN

REFRAKSI



KORNEA ( n = 1,33- !"#"$" %& ')*+'"n HUMOR AQUEUS (n=133 !"#"$" %&./0'"n LENSA (n=12 !"#"$" +/4&# %&56''"n

VITREUS (&n%/' 4&" 7 +/n" %&/4"0 TOTAL KEKATAN 2 DIOPTRI JARAK PUN8AK KORNEA MAKULA LUTEA =

,2 8) ( FOKUS = 5

P = 195 = 192 )

= 2 D

INDEKS BIAS



VISUS : ;"0"' 4"!" #05 Sn/++/n 9 ;"0"' 4"!" n60)"+ VISUS %&*/n<"0#&: - )/%&" 0/50"'."

- 0/.&n"

- +&n.""n &"+ - *". */n<+&#"."n

- *". '/"%"0"n

PENEMU KARTU SNELLEN P065 H/0)"nn Sn/++/n

> #05 n/++/n )/)4". %. 1 )/n&. ( %" /+ '6n?

VISUS dan KARTU SNELLEN



SINAR SEJAJAR @ SEL KONUS @ DIPANTULKANDENGAN SUDUT 1 MENIT

JARAK M LEBAR 1, 8M ( DIAMETER JARI TELUNJUK

JARAK 3 M LEBAR C 8M ( DIAMETER TANGAN

SINAR DARI M = SINAR SEJAJAR HURUF E = 1, MM @ VISUS 9 VISUS 19 ( F8 1 n</0 !6n.&n< VISUS 193 ( HM -1 #"n% )6/)/n. VISUS 19~ ( LP) – light perception

VISUS 0 (NLP) – no light perseption



EMETROPIA

- )"." &%/"+ 9 '0"n 4/n"0

- &n"0 /;";"0 %&56''"n *"%" 0/.&n" ."n*"

"'6)6%"& AMETROPIA

DISEBABAKAN :

1 AKSIS ANTROPOSTEROR

KURVATURA KORNEA3 INDEKS BIAS MEDIA REFRAKTA

2 POSISI LENSA

AMETROPIA



1. TRIAL AND ERROR

RETINOS8OPI *"&/n n6n '66*/0".&*,"n"' '/!&+

3 REFRAKTOMETER

CARA PENGUKURAN REFRAKSI



DIFINISI: '/"n<<*"n )"." n.' )/)*/04/"0%"$" */)4&""nn$" %/n<"n !"0" )/n")4"#'/!/)4n<"n +/n" *"%" "". )/+&#". %/'".

TEORI

1 TEORI HELMHOLT ) &+&0& '6.0"'& @ &0& '60* &+&"0/ ./0."0&' '/4""# @ 6n+ &nn&&'/n%60 @ +/n" !/)4n<

TEORI TS8HERNING )) &+&"0& '6n.0"'& @ &0&

'60* &+&"0/ ./<"n< 4/0</0"' '" 4/+"'"n<"." @ 6n+ /nn&& ./<"n< @ +/n" 4"< P&n<<&0./<"n<, ./n<"# )/n;"%& !/)4n<

AKOMODASI



PU8TUM REMOTUM (PR .&.&' ./0;"# %"*".%&+&#". n$"." ."n*" "'6)6%"&

PUN8TUM PROKSIMUM (PP .&.&' ./0%/'".

%"*". %&+&#". n$"." ."n*" "'6)6%"&)"'&)"+ DAERAH AKOMODASI (A +/4"0 "n."0" PR-

PP

A = 19PP 19PR %&'0 %/n<"nD&6*.0&

= +/n" '6n/ )/n<<"n.&'"n "'6)6%"&



EMETROP

PP = 19~, PR = 20 cm, A = !0"2 – !~ = # $

MIOP)&"+ )&6* D, PR = 19D = , ) = !)

PP = !) , A= 19, D = D

A= D , D = 19PP 19, , 19PP = D, PP = 12,3

!)HIPERMETROP

)&"+ #&*/0)/.06* D, PR = !) %&4/+"'"n<)""

PP !), A = 19 D = D

A = D, D = 19PP 19PR , 19PP = D-D, PP =33!)



EMETROP = &n"0 /;";"0 %&*"n.+'"n /;";"04/0./) %& ;"# ."' ./0#&n<<" , PR !~

%I&P = sin'r se''r ip'nt*l+'n meng*mp*l i ep'n

m't' , PR 'r'+ tertent* iep'n m't' IP-R%-.R&P = sin'r se''r '+'n ip'nt*l+'n

men/e'r sehingg' titi+ potongn/' iel'+'ng retin'"

PR iel'+'ng retin', or'ng hipermetrop h'r*s

er'+omo'si s''t melih't '*h 'p'l'gi e+'t

KESIMPULAN



DIFINISI: ". '/+"&n"n 0/50"'&

S&n"0 /;";"0."n*" "'6)6%"& "'"n %&4&"'"n%&4/+"'"n< 0/.&n"

S&n"0 %&/0</n "'"n %&4&"'"n ;"# %&4/+"'"n< 0/.&n"

HIPERMETROP AIAL: "'& )"." */n%/'

- )&'06*."+)

- /%/)" )"'+"

HIPERMETROP KURVATURA:

- "*+"n".&6 '60n"/ ('60n/" *+"n"

- +/n" '+/06& ( 2 .#

HIPERMETROP INDEKS : DM

HIPERMETROPIA POSISI : *6&& +/n" '/4/+"'"n<

HIPERMETROP



8EPAT LELAH (ASTENOPIA PUPIL MIOSIS GLAUKOMA

STRABISMUS KONVERGEN

TRIAS MELIHAT DEKAT: AKOMODASI

MIOSIS

KONVERGENSI

KOMPLIKASI



DIFINISI:

S&n"0 /;";"0 %&56''"n %&%/*"n 0/.&n" ."n*""'6)6%"&, %&0/.&n" )/n;"%& '"40

S&n"0 %"0& ;"0"' %/'". %&56''"n ./*". %&0/.&n" ."n*" "'6)6%"&

PEMBAGIAN

1 MIOP AKSIALIS

MIOP KURVATURA3 MIOP INDEKS BIAS

MIOP



JARAK ANTERIOR POSTERIOR PANJANG KONGENITAL : MAKROFTALMOS AKUISITA :

- )/)4"!" ./0+"+ %/'". @ '6/0</n& @) 0/'. )/%&"+ 4/0'6n.0"'& @ 46+" )"."./0;/*&. @ )/)"n;"n< *6+ *6./0&60

- ";"# +/4"0 @ '6/0</n& 4/+/4&#"n

- 4/n%n<"n : )/)4n<'' @ ./'"n"n *"%"46+" )"." @ 46+" )"." )/)"n;"n<

MIOP AKSIALIS



AKIBAT KELAINAN KORNEA: KONGENITAL: '/0".6'6n, '/0".6<+64 AKUISITA : - +'"&94+'"& +/n" '/

%/*"n - '"."0"' &)".0

MIOP INDEKS

DM $"n< .&%"' %&64".&

MIOP KURVATURA



MIOP RINGAN- SEDANG : 7 D

)/+&#". %/'". ."n*" "'6)6%"& MIOP TINGGI D

)/)4"!" *"%" ;"0"' $"n< "n<". %/'".PR =19 = 1 !), PP +/4&# %/'". ./0<"n.n<A

KOMPLIKASI:

- '6n/0</n& @)"." )/)"n;"n< @*06<0/&5



GEJALA

- )/n<66' <66' )"." @ +/n" )/n%"."0

- )/n;&*&. @/5/' *&n#6+/9+&.- )/n%/'".& 64$/'

TANDA-TANDA

- 46+" )"." )/n6n;6+

- **&+ +/4"0

- &.0/ +/4&# !"&0 @ &0& .0/)+"n

- &.0/ '/0#

- 5n% .&<06&%- *0/%&*6&&@"4+".&6 0/.&n"



KOREKSI DENGAN LENSA SFERIS NEGATIF D&*"'"& "". )/+&#". %/'". )"*n;"# U)0 2 ."#n %&'0"n<& %/0";".

*0/4&6*n$" n.' )/+&#". %/'". PERLU DIPERHATIKAN:

J"<" '//#"."n, <&& 8'* .&%0 P/'/0;""n %/'". %&'0"n<& M/)/4"!" %/n<"n */n/0"n<"n !'*,

*6&& '/*"+" ./<"' ( ;"n<"n )/)4n<''



DIFINISI:

K/+"&n"n 0/50"'& )"." $"n< %&."n%"& "%"n$"4/04"<"& %/0";". 0/50"'& *"%" 4/04"<"&

)/0/%&"nS&n"0 /;";"0 "'"n %&56''"n *"%" )"!")-

)"!") 56'

PEMBAGIAN

1 A.&<)".&)" R/<+/0: %" )/0/%&"n ./0'".%"n ./0+/)"#, )/)4/n.' %. ./<"' +0

A.&<)".&)" I0/<+/0: */04/%""n 0/50"'&.&%"' ./0".0

ASTIGMATISMA



PENEBAB: - *6+&</n/.&', - *6+&5"'.60&"+

- C '"0/n" '/+"&n"n '60n/"- K/+"&n"n +/n" : '"."0"' &n&*&/n, &)".0

GEJALA: K"40 ;"# "." %/'". M/)4"$"n<, %&*+6*&" )6n66'+/0 "./n6*&"



KOREKSI M/n$".'"n '/%" 56' .")" (+/n"

&+&n%0& K/%" 56' $"n< %"# ./0'60/'& #"0

./0+/."' *"%" 0/.&n" (%/n<"n +/n" 5/0&

JENIS :

ASTIGMAT MIOP HIPERMETROP

SIMPLEKS -EMETROP-MIOP

-EMETROP-HIPERMETROP

KOMPOSITUS -MIOP-MIOP

-HIPERMETROP-HIPERMETROP

MIKSTUS -MIOP-

HIPERMETROP



K/"%""n 0/50"'& )"." %&)"n" PP ./+"#4/<&. ;"# @ '/+&."n */'/0;""n %/'".$"n< #"+ ()/)4"!", )/n;"#&.

K/"%""n &6+6<&: P/n</0""n +/n" @ .&%"' '/n$"+ @ %"$"

"'6)6%"& 4/0'0"n< D"$" '6n.0"'& 6.6. &+&"0 4/0'0"n< @

*/n</n%60"n 6n+" /nn&& .&%"' /)*0n" D&)+"& *"%" )0 2 .#n

PRESBIOPIA



GEJALA

'/+#"n .&)4+ "". )/+&#". %/'"., "*"4&+" .&%"'

%&'60/'&:- "./n6*&"

- )"." "'&.

- !/*". +/+"#

- +"'0&)"&

- '"0 )/+&#". %/'".

MELIHAT DENGAN JARAK 33!) @ MATA MIOPIK 3D



KOREKSI

P/)4/0&"n +/n" 5/0& *6&.&5 ./0<"n.n<)0 2 .#n "%&& 1 D 2 .#n "%&& 1, D

.#n "%&& D .#n "%&& , D .#n "%&& 3 D ()"'&)"+



AFAKIA "%"+"# '/.&"%""n +/n" "'&4".6*/0"&

M"." E)/.06* @ #&*/0)/.06* 1 D

K/'"."n +/n" %"+") )"." D @'"!")"." "5"'&" 1 D KOREKSI : '"!")"." "5"'&" '0"nn$"

%&/"&'"n %/n<"n 0/50"'& )"." /4/+)

6*/0"& M"." "5"'&" "'. )/+&#". %/'". 4.#

S3D "'&4". .&%"' "%"n$" "'6)6%"&

AFAKIA



JENIS:- LUNAK (SOFT LENS: - #&%06</+, HEMA

(#$%06'$)/.#$+)/."!0$+"./, /n$+ !6*6+$)/0 KERAS (HARD LENS : PMMA (*6+$ )/.#$+

)/."!0$+"./

KOMPLIKASI:

G"n<<"n9'/0"'"n '60n/"

D"*". %&'0"n<& %/n<"n 4"#"n $"n< )")*%&+/".& <" O (<" %&&6n !6/!&/n. 9DK .&n<<&

LENSA KONTAK



KERATOPLASTI 6*/0".&* LASIK (+"/0-"&./% &n &. '/0".6)&+/&

- )/)4". "* '60n/"

PRK P#6.60/50"'.&/ K/0"./!.6)& - )/n<n"'"n +"/0 /!&)/0 .&%"'

)/)6.6n< ."*& )/n&*&'"n .06)" %/n<"n*/n<"*"n

BEDAH REFRAKTIF



ALAT-ALAT S/n./0 K"!" */)4/"09L6*/

Sn/+/n 8#"0. T0&"+ L/n B' W"0n" I#&#"0" O5."+)6'6* T6n6)/./0 S+&. L")*

PEMERIKASAAN MATA



2 4+"n : 9 = 9 4+"n : 93 = 19 C 4+"n : 9 = 1 9

3 ."#n : 9C ."#n : 9

VISUS BAYI- ANAK

Kuliah - Refraksi - Dr. Endang

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