KUL-bioENERGI BIOMASSA
-
Upload
himatetaipb -
Category
Documents
-
view
136 -
download
5
Transcript of KUL-bioENERGI BIOMASSA
ENERGI BIOMASSAENERGI BIOMASSA
ELPELP
(TEP 350)(TEP 350)
2007
BIOMASSA
Bahan organik yang dihasilkan dariproses fotosintesis berupa produk,buangan, hasil ekskresi.
Contoh: tanaman (pohon, rumput, umbi), limbah pertanian/perkebunan/hutan, limbah industri, kotoran ternak/hewan, tinja
WHYBIOMASS ??
Endah,2006
Oil54.4%
Gas26.5%
Others0.2%
Geo thermal
1.4%
Hydro3.4%
Coal14.1%
National Energy MIXNational Energy MIX
Gas30%
Coal33%
Oil20%
Biofuel5% Geo
thermal5%
Others7%
Nuclear BiomassHydroSolarWindLiq. Coal
#Presidential Decree No. 5/2006
Energy MIX 2003
Targeted Energy MIX 2025#
Biofuel will have at least 5% share of total National
Energy MIX in 2025
Pembangkitan Pembangkitan tenaga listriktenaga listrik
TransportasiTransportasi IndustriIndustri Rumah tangga Rumah tangga dan komersialdan komersial
batubarabatubara GasGas GasGas ListrikListrik
GasGas ListrikListrik BatubaraBatubara LPGLPG
Panas bumiPanas bumi Bio-fuelBio-fuel Hidrat gas Hidrat gas bumibumi
BriketBriket
Tenaga air (PLTA)Tenaga air (PLTA) Batubara cairBatubara cair biomassabiomassa Gas kotaGas kota
Tenaga air Tenaga air (mikrohidro(mikrohidro
GTL (gas to liquid)GTL (gas to liquid) BiogasBiogas
DME (dimethyl DME (dimethyl ether)ether)
Hidrogen,Hidrogen,
fuel cellfuel cell
Energi suryaEnergi surya
Energi suryaEnergi surya Hidrat gas bumiHidrat gas bumi Fuel cellFuel cell
Tenaga anginTenaga angin Hidrat gas bumiHidrat gas bumi
Energi in situEnergi in situ
Bio-dieselBio-dieselSumber : BP PEN 2005
Pengembangan jenis sumber energi alternatif pada masing-masingSektor, berdasarkan Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional
sago
Ubi kayu
ONGGOK
jagung
Bahan bakuBio-ethanol
Endah,2007
Bahan bakuBio-dieselyang diunggulkan
BIOMASS WASTE POTENCYBIOMASS WASTE POTENCY
LOGGING WASTELOGGING WASTE
BIOMASS WASTE POTENCYBIOMASS WASTE POTENCY
AGRICULTURAL WASTEAGRICULTURAL WASTE
BIOMASS WASTE POTENCYBIOMASS WASTE POTENCY
INDUSTRIAL WASTEINDUSTRIAL WASTE
SAW DUST
INDUSTRIAL WASTE
BIOMASS UTILIZATIONBIOMASS UTILIZATION
BIOMASSBIOMASS
PRIMARY PRODUCTSPRIMARY PRODUCTS (food, fiber, rubber, oil, cellulose,(food, fiber, rubber, oil, cellulose, building & furniture materials, etc)building & furniture materials, etc)
ANIMALANIMAL FERTILIZER FERTILIZERFEED STOCKFEED STOCK
WASTEWASTESECOND.PRODUCTSSECOND.PRODUCTS(chemical, particle board,(chemical, particle board, alcohol, art goods, etc)alcohol, art goods, etc)
ENERGY RESOURCESENERGY RESOURCES
SEVERAL KINDS OF BIOMASS WASTESEVERAL KINDS OF BIOMASS WASTE
NoNo commoditiescommodities Harvesting wasteHarvesting waste Processing wasteProcessing waste
11 paddypaddy strawstraw Rice husk, rice hullsRice husk, rice hulls
22 corncorn Stalks, outer skinStalks, outer skin Corn cobsCorn cobs
33 fruitsfruits (out of grade fruits)(out of grade fruits) Bunches, shells, skin, seeds, Bunches, shells, skin, seeds, etcetc
44 vegetablesvegetables Stalks, (out of grade Stalks, (out of grade vegetables)vegetables)
Skin, cutting or peeling wasteSkin, cutting or peeling waste
55 coconutcoconut Bunches, dry leaves, Bunches, dry leaves, woodwood
Coconut shells, husk, water, Coconut shells, husk, water,
66 Palm oilPalm oil EFB, dry leavesEFB, dry leaves Shells, husk, sludgeShells, husk, sludge
77 Sugar caneSugar cane leavesleaves Bagasse, mollassesBagasse, mollasses
88 cassavacassava stalksstalks SkinSkin
99 rubberrubber Wood (replanting)Wood (replanting) --
1010 Coffee beanCoffee bean (non productive trees)(non productive trees) Outer skin, huskOuter skin, husk
1111 woodwood Wood (logging waste)Wood (logging waste) Saw dust, wood chip, etcSaw dust, wood chip, etc
SOME OF POTENTIAL BIOMASS WASTESOME OF POTENTIAL BIOMASS WASTE
NoNo Products or Products or commoditiescommodities
Type of biomass Type of biomass wastewaste
PotencyPotency
11 paddypaddy strawstraw 5000 kg/ton paddy5000 kg/ton paddy
22 Rice Rice Rice huskRice husk 280 kg/ton paddy280 kg/ton paddy
33 cassavacassava stalksstalks 800 kg/ton cassava800 kg/ton cassava
44 corncorn Corn cobsCorn cobs NANA
55 coconutcoconut Fiber/huskFiber/husk 280 kg/ton coconut280 kg/ton coconut
66 coconutcoconut Coconut shellCoconut shell 150 kg/ton coconut150 kg/ton coconut
77 rubberrubber Wood (replanting)Wood (replanting) 1500 m3/Ha replant1500 m3/Ha replant
88 cacaocacao Cacao shellsCacao shells NANA
99 Palm oilPalm oil Wood (replanting)Wood (replanting) 74.5 ton/Ha replant74.5 ton/Ha replant
1010 Palm oilPalm oil FrondsFronds 24.84 ton/Ha24.84 ton/Ha
1111 Palm oilPalm oil FEBFEB 200 kg/ton FFB200 kg/ton FFB
1212 Palm oilPalm oil Fiber and shellFiber and shell 420 kg/ton CPO420 kg/ton CPO
1313 Processed woodProcessed wood Saw dustSaw dust 203 041.6 m3/year203 041.6 m3/year
1414 Processed woodProcessed wood Other wood wastesOther wood wastes 1 827 373.7 m3/year1 827 373.7 m3/year
1515 Sugar caneSugar cane bagassbagass 280 kg/ton sugar280 kg/ton sugar
Potensi limbah produksi bio-fuel*Potensi limbah produksi bio-fuel*
NoNo Jenis bahan baku Jenis bahan baku
bio-fuelbio-fuel
Jenis limbahJenis limbah Potensi limbahPotensi limbah
11 CPOCPO Pelepah daunPelepah daun 24.84 ton/Ha24.84 ton/Ha
22 CPOCPO Tandan kosong (FEB)Tandan kosong (FEB) 200 kg/ton FFB200 kg/ton FFB
33 CPOCPO Serat dan cangkangSerat dan cangkang 420 kg/ton CPO420 kg/ton CPO
44 CPOCPO Kayu (replanting)Kayu (replanting) 74.5 ton/Ha replant74.5 ton/Ha replant
55 CPOCPO Lumpur sawitLumpur sawit NANA
66 CPOCPO Limbah cairLimbah cair NANA
77 JagungJagung Bonggol jagungBonggol jagung NANA
88 Ubi kayuUbi kayu Batang pohonBatang pohon 800 kg/ton ubi kayu800 kg/ton ubi kayu
99 Tetes gula tebuTetes gula tebu bagassebagasse 280 kg/ton gula280 kg/ton gula
1010 Minyak jarakMinyak jarak Kulit/daging buahKulit/daging buah NANA
1111 Minyak jarakMinyak jarak CangkangCangkang NANA
1212 Minyak jarakMinyak jarak Getah (gum)Getah (gum) NANA
1313 Minyak jarakMinyak jarak Ampas jarakAmpas jarak 700 kg/ton biji jarak700 kg/ton biji jarak
* Diolah dari berbagai sumber
COMPARATION of HEAT CALORIFIC VALUES of COMPARATION of HEAT CALORIFIC VALUES of SOME BIOMASS and OTHER FUELSSOME BIOMASS and OTHER FUELS
BiomassBiomass Calor valuesCalor values
(MJ/kg)(MJ/kg)
BiomassBiomass Calor valuesCalor values
(MJ/kg)(MJ/kg)
Rice strawRice straw 15.2115.21 Oak charc.Oak charc. 23.023.0
Rice huskRice husk 15.3715.37 CokesCokes 28.028.0
Corn cobsCorn cobs 18.918.9 PropanePropane 46.3546.35
Coconut huskCoconut husk 20.120.1 KeroseneKerosene 43.1243.12
CoconutCoconut
shellsshells
18.118.1 Gasoline 73 Gasoline 73 octanoctan 44.1344.13
BambooBamboo 16.4116.41 MethaneMethane 50.0350.03
BagasseBagasse 16.2116.21 CoalCoal 16.316.3
Hard woodHard wood 19.7319.73
Biomass energy conversion technologyBiomass energy conversion technology
oil extraction (bio-oil, bio-diesel)oil extraction (bio-oil, bio-diesel)
hydrolysis & fermentation hydrolysis & fermentation (ethanol)(ethanol)
an aerobic digestionan aerobic digestion (biogas/methane)(biogas/methane)Biomass &Biomass &Biomass waste pyrolysis & gasification (combust.gas)Biomass waste pyrolysis & gasification (combust.gas)
slow pyrolysis (charcoal, solid fuel)slow pyrolysis (charcoal, solid fuel)
briquettingbriquetting (solid fuel)(solid fuel)
direct combustiondirect combustion
biomassa
mikrobiologis
Pirolisis lambat
Pirolisis cepat(gasifikasi)
densifikasi
pembakaran
gas
arang
tar
ekstraksiBio oil
BB padat
E.mekanis
E.listrik
Prosespanas
engine
Gas turbine
burner
stove
Boiler &Turbin uap
Generator
engine
TEKNOLOGIKONVERSIENERGI BIOMASSA
TEKNOLOGIKONVERSIENERGI BIOMASSA