Komunikasi Data Dan JaKomunikasi Data dan Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan ke 2ringan Komputer -...

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Komunikasi Data Dan JaKomunikasi Data dan Jaringan Komputer - Pertemuan ke 2ringan Komputer - Pertemuan Ke 2

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  • Komunikasi Data dan Jaringan Komputer : Network Model

    Aries Kusdaryono Magister Komputer Universitas Budi Luhur

  • Pendahuluan

    Internet is

    A network of networks

    Collection of many separates networks

    A network is a combination of hardware and software that sends data from one location to another

    Task of network consists of layer of network Higher layer

    Middle layer

    Lower layer

  • Network Layered

    Sender, Receiver, Carrier

    Hierarchy Three activity sender site

    Three activity receiver site

  • OSI Model

    Established in 1947, the International Standards Organization (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to worldwide agreement on International standards

    Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model (1970s)

    To show how to facilitate communication between different systems without requiring changes to the logic of the underlying hardware and software

    for understanding and designing a network architecture that is flexible, robust, and interoperable

  • OSI Model

    A layered framework for the design of network systems that allows communication between all types of computer systems

    Consists of seven separate but related layers, each of which defines a part of the process of moving information across a network

  • Layered Architecture

  • Organization of the Layers

    The seven layers can be thought of as belonging to three subgroups Network support layers - Layers 1 (physical), 2 (data link), and 3

    (network) the physical aspects of moving data from one device to another

    electrical specifications, physical connections, physical addressing, and transport timing and reliability

    User support layers - Layers 5 (session), 6 (presentation), and 7 (application) allow interoperability among unrelated software systems

    The transport layer Layers 4 links the two subgroups and ensures that what the lower layers

    have transmitted is in a form that the upper layers can use

    The upper OSI layers implemented in software, lower layers are a combination of hardware and software

  • An Exchange Using the OSI Model

  • Layers in the OSI Model

    Physical Layer coordinates the functions required to carry a bit stream over a physical medium responsible for movements of individual bits from one hop (node) to the next

    Physical characteristics of interfaces and medium characteristics of the interface between the devices and the transmission

    medium

    Representation of bits the type of encoding (how Os and ls are changed to signals )

    Data Link (Transmission rate) the duration of a bit, which is how long it lasts

    Synchronization of bits the sender and receiver clocks must be synchronized

    Line configuration the connection of devices to the media (point to point or multipoint)

    Physical topology How device are connected to network (Mesh, Star, Ring, Bus, Hybrid)

    Transmission mode Direction of transmission between two devices (Simplex, half-duplex, full-duplex)

  • Physical Layer

  • Networks

    Physical Structures

    Type of Connection

    A network is two or more devices connected through links. A link is a communications pathway that transfers data from one device to another

    Point-to-point . Point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices

    Multipoint . A multipoint connection is one in which more than two specific devices share a single link

  • Point-to-Point Line Configuration

  • Point-to-Point Line Configuration

  • Point-to-Point Line Configuration

  • Multipoint Line Configuration

  • Networks

    Physical Structures

    Physical topology

    the way in which a network is laid out physically. Two or more devices connect to a link; two or more links form a topology

    There are four basic topologies

    Mesh Topology every device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other devices

    Star topology - each device has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a central controller, usually called a hub

    Bus Topology - multipoint. One long cable acts as a backbone to link all the devices in a network

    In a ring topology - each device has a dedicated point-to-point connection with only the two devices on either side of it

    Hybrid Topology - A network can be hybrid. For example, we can have a main star topology with each branch connecting several stations in a bus topology

  • Mesh Topology

  • Star Topology

  • Tree Topology

  • Bus Topology

  • Ring Topology

  • Hybrid Topology

  • Layers in the OSI Model

    Data Link Layer transforms the physical layer, a raw transmission facility, to a reliable

    link responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next

    Framing divides the stream of bits received from the network layer into

    manageable data units called frames

    Physical addressing Adds a header to the frame to define the sender and/or receiver of the

    frame

    Flow control imposes a flow control mechanism to avoid overwhelming the receiver

    Error control Add reliability to the physical layer by adding mechanism to detect and

    retransmit damaged or lost frame. Add trailer to the end of frame

    Access control When two or more devices are connected to the same link,

    determine which device has control over link at any given time

  • Data Link Layer

  • Data Link Layer Example

  • Layers in the OSI Model

    Network Layer responsible for the source to destination delivery of a packet,

    possibly across multiple networks (links).

    ensures that each packet gets from its point of origin to its final destination framing

    Logical addressing

    adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that, among other things, includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver

    Routing

    When independent networks or links are connected to create internetworks, the connecting devices (routers or switches) route or switch the packets to their final destination

  • Network Layer

  • Network Layer Example

  • Network Layer Example

  • Layers in the OSI Model

    Transport Layer responsible for process-to-process delivery of the entire message (an

    application program running on a host)

    ensures that the whole message arrive intact and in order

    Service-point addressing Computers often run several programs at the same time, gets the entire

    message to the correct process on that computer

    deliver a specific process (running program) on one computer to a specific process (running program) on the other

    Add header include a type of address called a service-point address or port address

    Segmentation and reassembly message is divided into transmittable segments, with each segment

    containing a sequence number.

    reassemble the message correctly upon arriving at the destination

    identify and replace packets that were lost in transmission

  • Layers in the OSI Model

    Transport Layer

    Connection control

    Connectionless - each segment as an independent packet and delivers it to the transport layer at the destination machine

    Connection oriented - makes a connection with the transport layer at the destination machine first before delivering the packets

    Error control

    The entire message arrives at the receiving transport layer without error (damage, loss, or duplication).

    Achieved through retransmission

  • Transport Layer

  • Transport Layer Example

  • Transport Layer Example

  • Layers in the OSI Model

    Session Layer network dialog controller

    establishes, maintains, and synchronizes the interaction among communicating systems

    Dialog control

    allows the communication between two processes to take place in either half duplex or full-duplex mode

    Synchronization

    allows a process to add checkpoints, or synchronization points, to a stream of data

    Example : 2000 pages, each 100 pages add checkpoint

  • Session Layer

  • Layers in the OSI Model

    Presentation Layer the syntax and semantics of the information exchanged between

    two system

    Translation processes (running programs) in two systems are usually exchanging

    information in the form of character, strings, numbers

    Because different computers use different encoding systems, responsible for interoperability between these different encoding methods

    changes the information from its sender-dependent format into a common format and vice versa

    Encryption carry sensitive information, a system must be able to ensure

    privacy

    Compression reduces the number of bits contained in the information

  • Presentation Layer

  • Layers in the OSI Model

    Application Layer enables the user, whether human or software, to access the

    network

    provides user interfaces and support for services such as electronic mail, remote file access and transfer, shared database management, and other types of distributed information services

    Network virtual terminal

    software version of a physical terminal, and it allows a user to log on to a remote host

    File transfer, access, and management

    allows a user to access files in a remote host (to make changes or read data)

    Mail services

  • Application Layer

  • Summary of Layer Functions

  • Assignment 1 Network Design

    Analyze Network Design in your work place Monitoring

    Management

    Design Network that optimize Network in your work place Network Diagram

    Arrangement and Interconnection devices

    Configuration addressing schemes,

    routing schemes,

    traffic prioritization,

    security,

    and management

    Submitted before Midterm (UTS) Email to [email protected]

    Format PDF or ODF

    Please Provide Name

    NIM

    Workplace

    mailto:[email protected]

  • TERIMA KASIH