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i KEPENTINGAN MARITIM AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM US-ASEAN SUNNYLAND SUMMIT DI KAWASAN ASIA PASIFIK Disusun dan Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S. IP) Strata-1 Oleh : M. NAUFAL IRFANDI 201410360311153 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2018

Transcript of KEPENTINGAN MARITIM AMERIKA SERIKAT …eprints.umm.ac.id/44648/1/PENDAHULUAN.pdfi KEPENTINGAN...

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KEPENTINGAN MARITIM AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM US-ASEAN

SUNNYLAND SUMMIT DI KAWASAN ASIA PASIFIK

Disusun dan Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S. IP) Strata-1

Oleh :

M. NAUFAL IRFANDI

201410360311153

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

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iii

vi

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan atas kehadirat Allah SWT yang

melimpahkan rahmat, taufik dan karunia-Nya, sehingga penulis mampu untuk

menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi ini dengan judul “Kepentingan Maritim

Amerika Serikat Dalam US-ASEAN Sunnyland Summit Di Kawasan Asia

Pasifik” sebagai salah satu syarat untuk menyelesaikan Program Sarjana (S1)

pada Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu

Politik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan skripsi ini terdapat banyak

kendala dan hambatan. Namun, berkat dukungan dan do’a dari berbagai pihak,

penulis mampu untuk menghadapi serta menjalani segala hambatan dan kendala

tersebut. Oleh karena itu, penulis menghaturkan ucapan terimakasih kepada:

1. Kedua orangtua yaitu Bapak M Imamsyah dan Ibu Siti Noor Hafizah yang

senantiasa selalu memberikan motivasi, nasihat, dan doa serta dukungan

secara moril maupun materil sehingga penulis mampu untuk

menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Rasa terimakasih juga tidak lupa dihaturkan

untuk kakak dan dua adik beserta keluarga penulis secara keseluruhan

yang selalu mendoakan dan memotivasi agar penulis selalu yakin dan

semangat dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan di UMM ini.

2. Pendidikan yang penulis tempuh dulu di Pondok Modern Darussalam

Gontor yang tidak pernah tidur dalam mendidik penulis dengan segala

vii

bentuk nilai dan prinsip yang dilandasi dengan motto dan panca jiwanya

sehingga penulis senantiasa memiliki semangat Ilahiyah dalam

mengerjakan sesuatu yang baik selama di kampus maupum di luar

kampus.

3. Bapak Haryo Prasodjo, MA selaku dosen pembimbing I dan Bapak Ruli

Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing II yang telah

meluangkan waktu dan pikiran untuk memberikan bimbingan, arahan dan

saran yang baik dan cerdas kepada penulis dalam proses penyusunan

skripsi ini. Semoga atas kebaikan dan kesabaran yang selalu dicurahkan,

segala bentuk amal ibadahnya diterima Allah SWT dan selalu dalam

naungan rahmat, hidayah, dan berkah Allah SWT.

4. Seluruh jajaran Dosen Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional dan

FISIP UMM yang telah memberikan ilmu dan wawasan pengetahuan

selama penulis menempuh pendidikan di kampus putih ini.

5. IISAUC (Indonesia International Studies Academic Utilization

Community) sebagai lembaga ekstra kampus yang telah mendidik dan

mengajarkan penulis banyak hal, khususnya terkait penelitian di bidang

keilmuan Hubungan Internasional.

6. Seluruh teman-teman HI Kelas B angkatan 2014 yang telah merangkai

segala kenangan selama menempuh perkuliahan jurusan HI di kampus

UMM ini.

7. Teman-teman HI UMM secara kesuluruhan yang telah memberikan

banyak kesan dan pelajaran semasa perkuliahan.

viii

8. Rizhany Firman, Dendy Hardiansyah, Amri Zulian Firmalindo, A’ang

Kunaifi, Maharadis Juanda, M. Husni Wardana dan M. Fachrur Rozi

sebagai sahabat terbaik yang selalu ada dan tidak pernah lelah untuk

memberikan nasihat, saran, dan dukungan moral yang baik selama di

Malang.

9. Yuni Pratiwi Utami yang tidak pernah bosan dalam mencurahkan nasihat,

saran, kritik, serta do’a nya bagi penulis. Motivasi dan inspirasi selalu

tercermin dalam tutur kata, sikap, dan tingkah lakunya bagi penulis. Selalu

menjadi pendengar yang baik disetiap kondisi di masa perkuliahan hingga

akhir studi di UMM.

10. Serta pada pihak-pihak yang tidak penulis sebutkan satu persatu,

terimakasih atas dukungan, semangat serta do’a sehingga penulis mampu

untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

Akhir kata, semoga skripsi ini mampu memberikan manfaat secara

akademis maupun non akademis. Menjadi sumbangsih dalam pengembangan

studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional.

Malang, 02 Oktober 2018

Penulis

xi

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN COVER .................................................................... i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN SKRIPSI ................................................................ ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ................................................................ iii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ...................................................................... iv

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ........................................................ v

KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ ix

ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ x

DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ..................................................................................... xv

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 6

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................... 6

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 6

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................................. 6

a. Manfaat Akademis ....................................................................................... 6

b. Manfaat Praktis ............................................................................................ 7

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ...................................................................................... 7

1.5 Kerangka Konseptual .................................................................................. 16

1.5.1 Rezim Internasional .............................................................................. 16

1.6 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 21

1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian ..................................................................................... 21

1.6.2 Tingkat Analisa ..................................................................................... 21

1.6.3 Teknik Analisa Data ............................................................................. 22

1.6.4 Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data ..................................................... 22

1.6.5 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .................................................................... 23

a. Batasan Waktu ........................................................................................... 23

b. Batasan Materi ........................................................................................... 23

1.7 Hipotesa ....................................................................................................... 23

1.8 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................. 24

xii

BAB II

ARTI PENTING KAWASAN ASIA PASIFIK ................................................ 26

2.1 Geostrategis Kawasan Asia Pasifik ............................................................. 26

2.1.1 SLOCs (Sea Lines of Communications) ............................................... 27

2.1.2 SLOT (Sea Lines of Trade) ................................................................... 29

2.2 Kawasan Asia Pasifik Dalam Persepektif Amerika Serikat ........................ 30

2.3 Dinamika Politik Internasional Di Kawasan Asia Pasifik ........................... 39

2.4 US-ASEAN Sunnyland Summit .................................................................... 47

BAB III

REZIM KEAMANAN MARITIM AS DI KAWASAN ASIA PASIFIK ....... 54

3.1 Amerika Serikat Sebagai Rezim .................................................................. 54

3.1.1 Komitmen Bersama Terhadap Penyelesaian Masalah .......................... 56

Berdasarkan Kepada Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Internasional .......................... 56

3.1.2 Kebebasan Untuk Navigasi dan Penerbangan Serta Pemanfaatan ....... 61

Laut Sesuai Hukum Internasional .................................................................. 61

3.2 Alasan AS Untuk Menjadi Rezim Di Kawasan Asia Pasifik ...................... 66

3.2.1 Urgensi ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) Bagi ........ 68

Amerika Serikat Di Kawasan Asia Pasifik .................................................... 68

3.2.2 Upaya AS untuk Mereduksi Eksistensi Cina Di Kawasan ................... 73

Asia Pasifik .................................................................................................... 73

BAB IV

PENUTUP ............................................................................................................ 81

4.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 81

4.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 84

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 85

85

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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