Investasi Industri Bangunan Tumbuh Tiga Persen

8/9/2019 Investasi Industri Bangunan Tumbuh Tiga Persen

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Investasi Industri Bangunan Tumbuh Tiga Persen

Ekonomi - / Selasa, 7 Juni 2011 17:02 WIB

Metrotvnews.com, Jakarta: Investasi industri bahan banunan atau mineral nonloam

tumbuh tia !ersen tahun lalu men"adi #!1,$% triliun dibandinkan tahun 200&'(i!ro)eksikan terus tumbuh seirin !eninkatan !embanunan !ro!erti dan konstruksi'

*Jumlah !enduduk )an sanat besar, !ros!ek !embanunan di dalam neeri terutama !ro!erti dan konstruksi akan mendoron !erkembanan !asar bahan banunan diIndonesia,* kata +en!erin +S ida)at !ada !embukaan !ameran keramik, kaa, dan bahan banunan, di .ementerian erindustrian .emen!erin Jakarta, Selasa 7/'

Ia mem!ro)eksikan industri bahan banunan akan tumbuh seirin denan !ertumbuhanekonomi nasional )an mendoron !ertumbuhan sektor !ro!erti denan anka sebesar,3 !ersen !ada tahun ini'

*.iner"a !asar !ro!erti !ada 2011 di!erkirakan masih akan tumbuh se"alan denan !ertumbuhan ekonomi )an di!erkirakan sebesar ,3 !ersen,* u"ar ida)at'

Industri bahan banunan, kata dia, meru!akan !endukun utama sektor !ro!erti dan !embanunan' 4leh karena itu, lan"ut ida)at, industri tersebut harus menda!atdukunan dari semua !ihak berke!entinan aar tumbuh sini5ikan'

*Industri bahan banunan atau industri mineral nonloam mem!un)ai keterkaitan )ansanat luas denan subsektor industri dan ekonomi lainn)a, serta men)ankut ha"at hidu!oran ban)ak, dan ber!eran sebaai !roduk konsumsi mas)arakat luas,* katan)a'

Ia o!timis investasi kalanan industri bahan banunan di dalam neeri !un akan tumbuhmeninat bahan baku di dalam neeri )an melim!ah belum diman5aatkan searao!timal' .eberadaan bahan baku alam dari dalam neeri itu, kata dia, meru!akan !eluanuntuk meninkatkan da)a sain !roduk'

*al itu mendoron bebera!a industri nasional telah meman5aatkan !eluan denanmelakukan !erluasan,* kata ida)at'

Berdasarkan data .ementerian erindustrian, se"umlah industri bahan banunan nasionalse!erti keramik, kaa, dan semen, telah mam!u memenuhi kebutuhan dalam neeri'

Indonesia meru!akan !rodusen keramik lantai terbesar kelima di dunia denan ka!asitaster!asan 662 "uta meter !ersei !er tahun' Sedankan industri kaa nasional denanka!asitas !roduksi 1,3$ "uta ton -- selain memenuhi !asar dalam neeri -- !ada 2010 telahmenhasilkan eks!or lebih dari 200 "uta dolar S'

(emikian !ula denan industri semen nasional )an ka!asitas !roduksi $2 "uta ton !ertahun mam!u memenuhi kebutuhan nasional sam!ai bebera!a tahun mendatan' ada


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2010 !roduksi semen nasional mena!ai 30,7 "uta ton'

an)a industri at )an belum memenuhi seluruh kebutuhan nasional' Berdasarkan data.emen!erin, kebutuhan !roduk at dan tinta mena!ai 00 ribu ton denan !ertumbuhan !ermintaan tu"uh !ersen !er tahun, sekitar 100 ribu ton masih diim!or'

ameran keramik, kaa, dan bahan banunan di lobi .ementerian erindustrian tersebut berlansun !ada 7-10 Juni 2011, dan diikuti 2% !erusahaan industri serta dua instansi !emerintah antara lain Balai Besar .eramik'nt/BE8

Wall and 5loor tile used 5or interior and e9terior deoration belons to a lass o5 eramisknon as hiteares' ;he !rodution o5 tile dates bak to anient times and !eo!les,inludin the E)!tians, the Bab)lonians, and the ss)rians' ed or unla>ed !orelain or natural la)tile o5 si>e 6& m2 in'2 or more' orelain tile is erami mosai tile or !aver tile thatis made b) a ertain method alled dr) !ressin' uarr) tile is la>ed or unla>ed tile o5the same si>e as !aver tile, but made b) a di55erent 5ormin method'

Euro!e, ?atin meria, and the


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o!timisti an merian =erami Soiet) surve) shoed an averae roth o5 around 6 !erent !er manu5aturer over the ne9t 5ive )ears'

Raw Materials

;he ra materials used to 5orm tile onsist o5 la) minerals mined 5rom the earthFs rust,natural minerals suh as 5elds!ar that are used to loer the 5irin tem!erature, andhemial additives reGuired 5or the sha!in !roess' ;he minerals are o5ten re5ined or bene5iiated near the mine be5ore shi!ment to the erami !lant'

;he ra materials must be !ulveri>ed and lassi5ied aordin to !artile si>e' rimar)rushers are used to redue lare lum!s o5 material' Either a "a rusher or )rator)rusher is used, hih o!erate usin a hori>ontal

;he initial ste! in erami tile manu5ature involves mi9in the inredients' Sometimes,ater is then added and the inredients are et milled or round in a ball mill' I5 etmillin is used, the e9ess ater is removed usin 5ilter !ressin 5olloed b) s!ra)dr)in' ;he resultin !oder is then !ressed into the desired tile bod) sha!e'sGuee>in motion beteen steel !lates or rotatin motion beteen steel ones,

res!etivel)'

Seondar) rushin redues smaller lum!s to !artiles' ammer or muller mills are o5tenused' muller mill uses steel heels in a shallo rotatin !an, hile a hammer mill usesra!idl) movin steel hammers to rush the material' #oller or one t)!e rushers an also be used'

third !artile si>e redution ste! ma) be neessar)' ;umblin t)!es o5 mills are used inombination ith rindin media' 4ne o5 the most ommon t)!es o5 suh mills is the ballmill, hih onsists o5 lare rotatin )linders !artiall) 5illed ith s!herial rindinmedia'

Sreens are used to se!arate out !artiles in a s!ei5i si>e rane' ;he) o!erate in aslo!ed !osition and are vibrated mehaniall) or eletromehaniall) to im!rove material5lo' Sreens are lassi5ied aordin to mesh number, hih is the number o5 o!enins !er lineal inh o5 sreen sur5ae' ;he hiher the mesh number, the smaller the o!eninsi>e'


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la>e is a lass material desined to melt onto the sur5ae o5 the tile durin 5irin, andhih then adheres to the tile sur5ae durin oolin' Cla>es are used to !rovide moistureresistane and deoration, as the) an be olored or an !rodue s!eial te9tures'

The Manuacturing

Process

4ne the ra materials are !roessed, a number o5 ste!s take !lae to obtain the 5inished !rodut' ;hese ste!s inlude bathin, mi9in and rindin, s!ra)-dr)in, 5ormin,dr)in, la>in, and 5irin' +an) o5 these ste!s are no aom!lished usin automatedeGui!ment'

Batching

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;ile bodies an also be !re!ared b) dr) rindin 5olloed b) ranulation'Cranulation uses a mahine in hih the mi9ture o5 !reviousl) dr)-roundmaterial is mi9ed ith ater in order to 5orm the !artiles into ranules, hihaain 5orm a !oder read) 5or 5ormin'

Forming• 3 +ost tile is 5ormed b) dr) !ressin' In this method, the 5ree 5loin !oder

ontainin orani binder or a lo !erentae o5 moisture5los 5rom a ho!!erinto the 5ormin die' ;he material is om!ressed in a steel avit) b) steel !lunersand is then e"eted b) the bottom !luner' utomated !resses are used itho!eratin !ressures as hih as 2,$00 tons'

Several other methods are also used here the tile bod) is in a etter, moremoldable 5orm' E9trusion !lus !unhin is used to !rodue irreularl) sha!ed tileand thinner tile 5aster and more eonomiall)' ;his involves om!atin a !lastimass in a hih-!ressure )linder and 5orin the material to 5lo out o5 the

)linder into short slus' ;hese slus are then !unhed into one or more tilesusin h)drauli or !neumati !unhin !resses'

#am !ressin is o5ten used 5or heavil) !ro5iled tiles' With this method, e9trudedslus o5 the tile bod) are !ressed beteen to halves o5 a hard or !orous moldmounted in a h)drauli !ress' ;he 5ormed !art is removed b) 5irst a!!l)invauum to the to! hal5 o5 the mold to 5ree the !art 5rom the bottom hal5, 5olloed b) 5orin air throuh the to! hal5 to 5ree the to! !art' E9ess material must beremoved 5rom the !art and additional 5inishin ma) be needed'

nother !roess, alled !ressure la>in, has reentl) been develo!ed' ;his

!roess ombines la>in and sha!in simultaneousl) b) !ressin the la>e ins!ra)-dried !oder 5orm diretl) in the die 5illed ith the tile bod) !oder'dvantaes inlude the elimination o5 la>in lines, as ell as the la>in astematerial alled slude that is !rodued ith the onventional method'

Drying

• $ =erami tile usuall) must be dried at hih relative humidit) a5ter 5ormin,

es!eiall) i5 a et method is used' (r)in, hih an take several da)s, removesthe ater at a slo enouh rate to !revent shrinkae raks' =ontinuous or tunneldriers are used that are heated usin as or oil, in5rared lam!s, or miroaveener)' In5rared dr)in is better suited 5or thin tile, hereas miroave dr)in

orks better 5or thiker tile' nother method, im!ulse dr)in, uses !ulses o5 hotair 5loin in the transverse diretion instead o5 ontinuousl) in the material 5lodiretion'

Glazing

• ;o !re!are the la>e, similar methods are used as 5or the tile bod)' 5ter a bath

5ormulation is alulated, the ra materials are eihed, mi9ed and dr) or et


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milled' ;he milled la>es are then a!!lied usin one o5 the man) methodsavailable' In entri5ual la>in or disin, the la>e is 5ed throuh a rotatin disthat 5lins or thros the la>e onto the tile' In the bell/ater5all method, a streamo5 la>e 5alls onto the tile as it !asses on a onve)or underneath' Sometimes, thela>e is sim!l) s!ra)ed on' e a!!liations, sreen !rintin on,

under, or beteen tile that have been et la>ed is used' In this !roess, la>e is5ored throuh a sreen b) a rubber sGueeee or other devie'

(r) la>in is also bein used' ;his involves the a!!liation o5 !oders, rushed frits lass materials, and ranulated la>es onto a et-la>ed tile sur5ae' 5ter5irin, the la>e !artiles melt into eah other to !rodue a sur5ae like ranite'

Firing

• 7 5ter la>in, the tile must be heated intensel) to strenthen it and ive it the

desired !orosit)' ;o t)!es o5 ovens, or

5ter 5ormin, the 5ile is dried slol) 5or several da)s and at hih humidit), to !revent rakin and shrinkae' Ae9t, the la>e is a!!lied, and then the tile is5ired in a 5urnae or kiln' lthouh some t)!es o5 tile reGuire a to-ste! 5irin !roess, et-milled tile is 5ired onl) one, at tem!eratures o5 2,000 dereesin' ;his ste! removes the volatiles 5rom the material and most or allo5 the shrinkae' ;he bod) and la>e are then 5ired toether in a !roess alledlost 5irin' Both 5irin !roesses take !lae in a tunnel or ontinuous kiln, hihonsists o5 a hamber throuh hih the are is slol) moved on a onve)or onre5rator) battsshelves built o5 materials that are resistant to hih tem!eratures


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or in ontainers alled saers' in' ?ead om!ounds have been sini5iantl) redued ith thereent develo!ment o5 no-lead or lo-lead la>es' in' Wastela>e and re"eted tile are also returned to the bod) !re!aration !roess 5or reuse'

"ualit! #ontrol

+ost tile manu5aturers no use statistial !roess ontrol S= 5or eah ste! o5 themanu5aturin !roess' +an) also ork losel) ith their ra material su!!liers toensure that s!ei5iations are met be5ore the material is used' Statistial !roess ontrolonsists o5 harts that are used to monitor various !roessin !arameters, suh as !artilesi>e, millin time, dr)in tem!erature and time, om!ation !ressure, dimensions a5ter !ressin, densit), 5irin tem!erature and time, and the like' ;hese harts identi5) !roblems ith eGui!ment, out o5 s!e onditions, and hel! to im!rove )ields be5ore the

5inal !rodut is 5inished'

;he 5inal !rodut must meet ertain s!ei5iations reardin !h)sial and hemial !ro!erties' ;hese !ro!erties are determined b) standard tests established b) the merianSoiet) o5 ;estin and +aterials S;+' ro!erties measured inlude mehanialstrenth, abrasion resistane, hemial resistane, ater absor!tion, dimensional stabilit),5rost resistane, and linear oe55iient o5 thermal e9!ansion' +ore reentl), the sli!resistane, hih an be determined b) measurin the oe55iient o5 5rition, has beome


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a onern' oever, no standard has )et been established beause other 5ators suh as !ro!er 5loor desin and are an make results meaninless'

The $uture

In order to maintain market roth, tile manu5aturers ill onentrate on develo!inand !romotin ne tile !roduts, inludin modular or laddin tile, larer-si>ed tile,sli!- and abrasion-resistant tile, and tile ith a !olished, ranite or marble 5inish' ;his is bein aom!lished throuh the develo!ment o5 di55erent bod) 5ormulations, ne la>es,and la>e a!!liations, and b) ne and im!roved !roessin eGui!ment and tehniGues'utomation ill ontinue to !la) an im!ortant role in an e55ort to inrease !rodution,loer osts, and im!rove Gualit)' In addition, hanes in !rodution tehnolo) due toenvironmental and ener) resoure issues ill ontinue'

%here To &earn More

Books

Bender, W' and ahini, B' *;ehnial (evelo!ments in =erami ;ile Cla>es and #elated!!liations,* "merican Ceramic #ociety Bulletin. +arh, 1&&1, !!' 6&3-306'


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dimensions, om!osition, ste!s, !rodut, industr), mahine, #a +aterials htt!://'madeho'om/Holume-1/=erami-;ile'htmli9>>1>

Investasi Industri Bangunan Tumbuh Tiga Persen

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