INSTRUKSI DAN PETUNJUK PEMBELAJARAN LISAN

CLASSROOM LANGUAGE

Berikut ini diberikan dalam bentuk bagan-bagan berbagai instruksi, petunjuk, serta larangan dalam bahasa Inggris untuk mengatur kegiatan pembelajaran yang seharusnya dilalui siswa agar tercipta pembelajaran yang effektif. Fungsi-fungsi yang tercantum di sini terkait dengan berbagai kegiatan, yaitu:

1. membuka pelajaran2. mengecek kehadiran3. mengatur kondisi fisik kelas4. mempersiapkan kelas5. memasuki tahapan-tahapan pembelajaran6. menggunakan alat Bantu7. membentuk kelompok8. mengatur cara kerja: kelompok, individu, berpasangan9. mendisiplinkan siswa10. menutup pelajaran atau mengakhiri tahapan pembelajaran.

Agar terbiasa menggunakan classroom language yang tepat maka sebaiknya ungkapan-ungkapan yang diberikan dapat secara aktif diterapkan dalam proses belajar mengajar. Jika guru selalu menggunakan ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut dalam proses pembelajaran maka siswa juga akan terbiasa untuk memahami, menanggapi, dan akhirnya menggunakan berbagai ungkapan tersebut.

Perlu dicatat bahwa tanggapan terhadap instruksi dan larangan adalah berupa tindakan. Namun dalam kegiatan komunikatif lisan, seringkali suatu tindakan didahului atau disertai tanggapan lisan, seperti:

Yes, alright Yes, I will Me! No, alright Alright No, I’ll do it Yes, of course Certainly, Mr. Ahmad This bit here? Here do you mean? Yes, OK No, OK

Siswa hendaknya dibiasakan untuk menerapkan ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut untuk menanggapi instruksi dan larangan guru.

1. Beginning the lesson

Well, did you have a good weekend?

Did you enjoy your holiday?

Did anyone do anything interesting during the weekend?

What did you do last night?

What did we talk about last lesson?

Can

Couldyou tell me

more about that?

what

the football

the party

the program

was like?

OK, can youask

talk to

each other

your neighbor

your friend

about ….?

Just a minute

Wait a secondNot you again

Rina,

Budi,

Ahmad,

you’ve just said something.

let someone else have a turn.

you’ve said a lot today.

Yes, Fajar?

Go on, Tuti.

2. Checking attendance

You’ve been absent for 3 days, haven’t you?

You’ve missed 6 lessons, haven’t you?

You were away yesterday, weren’t you?

You were absent on Friday, right?

What was the matter? Have you been ill?

Sorry to hear that.

Oh?

Oh, dear.

Tell me about it.

Can you tell me about it?

Please will you tell me about it?

Expected responses:

Well, I had a bad cold.

I had an accident.

You’ll have toWell, Ali,

catch up won’t you?

ask your friendsto help you.

to tell you what we’ve done.

Come and see me after the lesson, OK?

Stay behind after the lesson and I’ll see you.

Late comers:

Hello, Hari, you’re late today.

Good morning, Rio. You’re rather late again.

Did you miss the bus or forget the time?

Did you get up late or was the bus late?

Did you get stuck in the traffic?

Did you set out late?

Well, never mindit doesn’t matter

today,

just for once,

this time,

but next time try to be on time.

Well, you shouldn’t really have done that.come so late.

Well, youought to

shouldhave

come on time, really.told me if you had to go to a doctor.asked someone to tell me.set out earlier

Alright, but

you’d better try not toyou’d better not

you mustn’t

could you please try not to

forget(it)

be late

again.next time.next lesson.

Sit down now please.

Would you sit down, then, please.

Go and sit down, then.

Right! Back to

Let’s get on with

Let’s get back to

Right. we’ll go on with

the register.

the lesson.

what we were doing.

our work.

3. Physical conditions in the classroom

It’s rather hot in this room, isn’t it?

It’s too stuffy in here, isn’t it?

It’s very dark in here, isn’t it?

It’s terribly untidy in here.

It’s much too noisy for you to hear me.

Please

tidy up

settle down

be quiet

open the window

would you?

will you?

could you?

Please

would

could

can

will

you

someone

turn

switch

put

the light those lights

the fan

on?

off?

Please

could you

would you

will you

go and

ask

fetch

get

someone

somebody

Pak Hasan

to fix

to mend

the light?

the window?

Good. What a nice clean classroom we have now.

Well done, thank you.

4. Getting organized

Please,

can

could will

you

someoneclean

the blackboard?

the whiteboard?

Would you mind cleaning the board, please?

Just clean

Leave

this

that

half.

section.

Thank you.

Don’t clean

part.

bit.

side.

Could you cleanthe top

the bottom

left-hand

right-hand

corner, please?

Please could yourub

wipeoff

the words

the sentenceson

the left

the rightat

the top?

the bottom?

Rub

Clean

everything offit all

please.Thanks.

Thank you.Leave this on

Now, would you mind

straightening the chairs

moving up a bit

moving back a bit

sitting in groups of 4

making a bigger space here

please?

Will

Would

Could

you

all

two

both

three

straighten your desks

tidy your desks

put all your books/papers/files straight

put that rubbish in the binmove your desk this way

make a gangway through here

please?

Could you

Would you

I want you to

move

your chair(s)

desk(s)

table(s)

in

up

along

back

forward

this way

that way

please?

turn your chair round

Could you possibly arrange yourselves

arrange your chairs

to make

to form ingroups of

3?

4?

5?

6?

Right!

Now!

Alright!

OK

youjust

onlyneed your

Science books

blue books

exercise booksnotebooks and pencils

workbook

out.

Put all your other books and papers away.

You only need the sheets I told you to get out.

You don’t need the books. Not those.

Not that book. The other one. The red one.

No others! That’s all.

Ready? Let’s go on.

Ready? Now we can start.

I have some papers

new books

to give out

to hand round

today.

worksheets

Please will you give these out, Susan?

help Susan?Thanks.

Passthese papers

this work

back

along

round

please.

Take one and pass them on.

Hand these papers round, please.

They’re for you to keep.

You may have them to keep.

I’m afraid you can’t keep them.

I want these back, please.

I want them back at the end of the lesson.

You must give them in again so please don’t write on them.

Alright?

OK?

5. Introducing different stages of the lesson

Right. Who can remember what we did last lesson?

Can anyone tell me what we talked about last time?

Let’s

go over it again,

review it,

do it once more,

shall we?

How aboutWhat about

doing it again quickly?

reviewing it?

OK?

Alright?

having another practice?

going over it again?

FirstThen

Later(on)

In a few minutes

Half way through the lesson

Near the end of the lesson

At the end of the lesson

When we’ve finished this

Now,

Right now

we’re going to

I want you to

perhaps we’ll

if there’s time we’ll

if you’ve been good, we’ll

practice this.

learn something new.

listen to a lecture.

do some reading.

do some note taking.

have a break for a minute or two.

do a simple experiment.

6. Using teaching aids

Could Would

Will

you

someone

somebody

go and fetch

bring me

find

get out

the

that

a

these

some

overhead projector?

box of ...?

folders of cards?

sticks?

beaker?

thermometer?

Please could you

OK, I’ll

put

fix

stick

hang

it

themup here. Is that

alright?

straight?

high enough?

Could you

give

hand

pass

these

worksheets

cue cards

boxes

out please?

One

Two

Three

each

per pair.

between two.

Take

Havea good look at

the jar.

the plants.

the picture.

What

WhyWhere

How

do you think …?

Look at

Tell me about

What about

the people

the buildings

the scenery

the surroundings

on the left

on the right

in the middle

in the center

at the topat the bottom

of the poster.

of the picture.

in the top right-hand corner.

in the bottom left corner.

Now let’s

I’m going to

rub the picture off.

take it down.

Would someone

I’m going to

takeit

themdown

now and putit

them

on my desk.

away.

back in the drawer.collect the pictures

Could anyone put the laboratory equipments away?

back in the cupboard?

7. Dividing the class up

I want you in

We’re going to work in

Can you get into

pairs

groups

please. In twos, with your neighbor.

In fours.

In groups of four.

Turn round

Move forwardand

face

look at

your neighbor.

the person next to you.

Can you face the peoplebehind you?

in front of you?

Look, you

Why don’t you

move up and make a three.

turn round and join in with them.

Look, you

Why don’t you

move up and make a three.

turn round and join in with them.

What about

How about

Would you mind

joining in with them?

going to sit there, next to him?

moving along a bit and working with them.

In your pairs

groups

I’d like you to

would you

you’re going to

discuss the problems.

fill in the table based on the results of the experiment.do the exercises.

I’d like you to make

a group of 4.

a group of 3.

a group of 5.

OK.Stop now.

That was good.

Not bad.

Well done.

Silence!

Quiet please!

That’s enough.

Let’s hear

what some of you have done.

this group.how have you been getting on.

In chorus:

I want

I’d like

all of you

you all

everybody

the whole class

this half

that half

one of you

just one person

to

fill in the table.

correct my statement.

read the instruction carefully.

discuss the effects of global warming.

solve the problems.

Accompanying expression:

Don’t put your hands up.

Altogether.

Everybody! Listen! Ready?

Everyone can try.

Come on.

Yes, you as well.

No!

Oh dear!That wasn’t

very clear.

very good.

altogether.

Let’s

Shall we

do it

try it

again. Ready?

Individual:

Now one at a time. Not all together. Listen before you answer.

Hands up before you answer.

Could you put your hands up before you answer, please?

Yes, good answer. But a bit louder, please. Again?

Now this time, don’t put your hands up. I’ll point.

Everybody can try, but one at a time. I’ll ask one of you.

Don’t shout out. Ready? Quiet. Listening?

You can take turns.

You can all have a go. You can have a turn, but one after the other.

One by one. Right?

Turn taking:

It’s their

your

go

turn

first,

second,

then,now,

it’s your go

turn

and so on.

his

herthird,

It’sRini

you

first.

next.Now

you.

Budi.Quickly!

That’s it.

Good.

Whose

go

turn

was it?

is it?

Not yours.

It’s hers.

It’s his.

Come one.

Be quick.

Come one!

Wake up!

Hey!

wasn’t it

isn’t it

his

yourher

go?

turn?

Good.

Have you all

Who hasn’t hada go

a turn

now?

yet?Has anybody not

For this,

Now,

I’m going to

I’ll

divide you down the middle.

divide you in half.

Ok. Now wait

listen

while I explain how to do this experiment.

what we’re going to do.

Which group can

answer

do it

present the experiment results

first?

best?

8. Control and disciplineDon’t do that!

No, don’t!

Stop that!

Stop doing that!

That’s enough.

You mustn’t do that.

Be quiet.

That’s silly.

Settle down.

Come on, let’s get on.

Now listen.

Now get on with your work.

Let’s start again.

Now then,

No. Fitri,No.

that’s not the way to

behave in class.

do the exercise.

do it.

No

No more

Stop

Please will you stop

Without

You should be

playing around!

chatting!

making a noise!

being silly!

shouting!

disturbing the others!

behaving like that!

whispering!

speaking Bahasa Indonesia!

copying! do it on your own!

Get on,

Calm down,

Listen,

Be quiet,

Settle down,

please.

No talking

writing

while I’m talking.

I’m writing on the board.

I’m explaining this.

we’re doing this.

the others are still working.

Don’t talk

write

Don’t

You mustn’t

You’d better not

You needn’t

talk

start

answer

write it down

read it

until

unless

I tell you to.

I’ve finished.

I let you.

you’ve understood.

I ask you to.

I’ve said it all.

everyone’s ready.

everyone’s finished.

Wait a minute!

Not

No, not

this book.

that page.

this one.

the dialogue.

that way.

This book. That one.

That page.

This way.

This one.

Here.

Look.

Like this.

Could you

do it

read

write

how the way

the exercise

I told you?

I asked you?

You’d better be careful,

be quiet,

listen next time,

hadn’t you?

try harder,

watch out,

If you don’t

pay attention,

listen properly

concentrate

it’ll go in one ear and out the other!

If you do that again

forget it again

don’t do your homework once moredon’t work harder

keep on wasting time

I’ll

I’ll have to

I’ll definitely

I’ll simply

send you to Mr. Hasan.

set you extra work.

tell the Headmaster.

write to your parents.punish you.

tell your parents.

9. Ending the lesson or a stage in the lesson

I think

Right!

we’ll stop there.

doing this now.

now.

You’ve done enough that.

You’ve had enough practice at that.

We’ll have a short break and a rest.

It’s time you had a change now.

finished that now.

You’ve done that quite well. Well done.

Most of you have done that very nicely. But you could perhaps still do better.

So let’s begin

go on to

some oral work.

reading.

writing.

At home,Tonight,

not now,

do

learn

write

practice

read

revise

the work we’ve done in class.

the exercise on page 9.

the next topic.

Write it in your notebooks

out neatly

on paper

and give it in

I’ll go over it

tomorrow morning.

next lesson.

For homework

At home

Before next lesson

I want you to finish this piece of work.

continue with these exercises, up to 8.

do exercises 2 to 5, including 5.

go over what we’ve just learnt.read pages 67 to 74 and answer the questions.

It must be done by

Can you give it in

I’ll test you on it

next lesson.

next time I see you.

tomorrow morning at 8.30.

some time this week.

Tuesday, latest.

Good. Well done.

Pack your books up.

Put them away.

Collect the work, please.

Give back my papers.

Are your desks tidy?

Right. You may go.

Goodbye.

I wantI’d like

tocollect

take inyour

homework

work

papers

books

now please.

Make sure your names are on your work, won’t you?

Please will you

give it/them in?

pass it/them up tothe end of the row?

the front?collect it/them Ali?

Give it in now, please.

Pass your work up, now please.

Put your work on my desk as you leave.

Pile your book up here. Make 3 piles.

Thank you, everyone. Well done.

Could you

Will you

collect the books we’ve been using,

see all the library books are returned,

put everything back in its right place,

Ali,

Rosa,

everyone,

please?

Before you all leave,

could you

would you

make sure

see that

check that

the desks are straight.

those books are put away.

you’ve not forgotten anything.

the board is clean.

all the library books are there.

Lisa,

Ahmad,

it’s your job today to

isn’t it your turn to

clean the board.

make sure it’s all tidy for the next class.

I havesomething to tell you

some announcements to make

before you go. Could you listen, please?

Will you please rememberDon’t forget

to bring the money for …next lesson.

there’s a club meeting on ….

So today we havepracticed …

read about …and you’ve learnt how to ….

Next lesson we’ll go on to …

revise …

…

and do…

It’s time

for us to

for you to

to

stop

have a breakclear up

now, OK?

Well, I hope you all have a good weekend.

I hope you enjoy yourselves.

Goodbye, everyone, see you all tomorrow.

1. Common Instruction

1. Opening ClassExamples:

Good morning Class! or Good morning students! How are you today? Introduce yourself :

I´m Bu Senia, chemistry teacher. I´m glad that we can come together here to learn something useful for us.

Okay. Please, open page 120. We will start this lesson. If you do not understand or have any question, please ask me. Don´t be shy. Please try it!. I will help you or we can discuss it together.

Today, the material subject is …………. Have you learn it before? Maybe, have you read it last night?.

2. Learning processa) Starting Process

1) Knowledge : Teacher gives questions about base concept of ……………Examples:

Okay, Let´s review our last lesson. Do you remember it? Is there anything you can tell me?

Well, try to answer my questions. What is the chemical formula of salt? Does anyone know? Does salt dissolve in water? What are the properties of salt solution? Etc.

2) Motivation: The examples are singing a songs, demonstration, or displaying film, picture, animation, etc.

Please take a look at this demonstration! Don´t you want to know something about this? Let´s find out why can the lamp shine so bright? In order to make your lamp shine brightly, you need an

electrolyte. The ions must flow. They carry their charge to the electrode.

Don´t you want to know more?

3) Giving problem Well, after you look at this, I want to ask you a question. Please, think about it! If we have citrus solution and we set up the apparatus as

shown, what do you think the lamp will be? Can it shine brightly? Why?

What is the properties of citrus solution? etc

3. Core learning

1) Dividing of Work group Examples:

Attention, please! We will start our lesson. Before we start, please divide the class into 5 groups. etc

2) Teaching

………….

3) Practical Okay, Please make groups to do this experiment. Each group

consists of 4 students. The time to do the experiment is 45 minutes. So let´s start!

Don´t forget to read the guide on worksheet carefully.

4) Giving instruction in practical laboratory:Examples:

1. Take a small quantity of ethanol and add the same volume of water. What is the pH of the mixture? Test the mixture with full range indicator solution. Does the water mix with the ethanol?

2. Put 5mL of dilute sulphuric acid in a boiling tube. Add 5 drops of potassium dichromate (VI) solution. Now, add two drops of ethanol and heat the mixture until it just boils. Is there any sign of a reaction? Is there any change of smell that could come from a new compound?

Safety:Ethanol is highly flammable. Potassium dichromate (VI) is toxic. Wear disposable gloves. Avoid skin contact. Wash hands after use.

5) Discussing

Teacher : Ok..What do you think about this experiment? Do you enjoy doing it?Do you have any questions? We will discuss it.

Student 1 : I´m sorry madam, I don´t understand why …….. Would you like to explain it to me?

Teacher : Good question! Is there anyone who wants to offer an answer?

Student 2 : Pardon me. I will try to answer it. (answer)Teacher : yes, it’s a good answer. So ………..(the

teacher explain it)Teacher : Please make the conclusion of this

experiment

6) Final processinga) Doing a discussion to find the same perception

………………………..

b) Giving tasksExamples:

Please open chapter II on page 31 of your chemistry book, Read and answer the questions at home!

Collect the homework next week!

c) Making conclusion………………………..

3. Closing Class

Ok class. We are at the end of this subject.

Do you have any idea about this?

Is there any question you’d like to ask?

We can discuss it here and find the solution together.

Well.. No more question? We can end it now. Don´t forget to do your homework. See you on the next class.

GOOD LUCK!