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TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

BUTTERFLY

Oleh:

Desi Puspitasari

NIM A1H1!"

#EMENTERIAN PENDIDI#AN DAN #EBUDAYAAN

UNI$ERSITAS %ENDERAL SOEDIRMAN

FA#ULTAS PERTANIAN

PUR&O#ERTO

!1!

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A 'utter(l)is a mainly day-flying insectof the orderLepidoptera, which

includes the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the

butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts: egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most

species are diurnal. utterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and

conspicuous, fluttering flight. utterflies comprise the true butterflies

!superfamily "apilionoidea#, the skippers !superfamily $esperioidea# and the

moth-butterflies!superfamily $edyloidea#. All the many other families within the

Lepidoptera are referred to as moths. %he earliest known butterfly fossils date to

the mid &ocene epoch, between ()*( million years ago.utterflies e+hibit

polymorphism, mimicryand aposematism. ome, like the Monarch, willmigrate

over long distances. ome butterflies have evolved symbiotic and parasitic

relationships with social insects such as ants. ome species are pests because in

their larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees however, some

species are agents of pollination of some plants, and caterpillars of a few

butterflies !e.g., $arvesters# eat harmful insects. ulturally, butterflies are a

popular motif in the visual and literary arts.

utterflies are beautiful, flying insects with large scaly wings. Like all

insects, they have si+ /ointed legs, 0 body parts, a pair of antennae, compound

eyes, and an e+oskeleton. %he three body parts are the head, thora+ !the chest#,

and abdomen !the tail end#. %he butterfly's body is covered by tiny sensory hairs.

%he four wings and the si+ legs of the butterfly are attached to the thora+. %he

thora+ contains the muscles that make the legs and wings move.

utterflies are very good fliers. %hey have two pairs of large wings

covered with colorful, iridescent scales in overlapping rows. Lepidoptera

!butterflies and moths# are the only insectsthat have scaly wings. %he wings are

attached to the butterfly's thora+ !mid-section#. 1eins support the delicate wings

and nourish them with blood. utterflies can only fly if their body temperature is

above 23 degrees. utterflies sun themselves to warm up in cool weather. As

butterflies age, the color of the wings fades and the wings become ragged. %he

speed varies among butterfly species !the poisonous varieties are slower than non-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidopterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holometabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilionoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilionoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eocenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eocenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposematismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_(butterfly)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miletinaehttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/insects/printouts.shtmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insecthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepidopterahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holometabolismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_life_cyclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papilionoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesperioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eocenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism_(biology)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimicryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aposematismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch_(butterfly)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insect_migrationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollinationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miletinaehttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/insects/printouts.shtml

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poisonous varieties#. %he fastest butterflies !some skippers# can fly at about 0(

mile per hour or faster. low flying butterflies fly about * mph.

utterflies and moths undergo complete metamorphosis in which they go through

four different life stages.

E**- A butterfly starts its life as an egg, often laid on a leaf.

Lar+a- %he larva !caterpillar# hatches from an egg and eats leaves or

flowers almost constantly. %he caterpillar molts !loses its old skin# many

times as it grows. %he caterpillar will increase up to several thousand

times in si4e before pupating.

Pupa- 5t turns into a pupa !chrysalis# this is a resting stage.

A,ult- A beautiful, flying adult emerges. %his adult will continue the

cycle.

aterpillars spend most of their time eating leaves using strong mandibles

!/aws#. A caterpillar's first meal, however, is its own eggshell. A few caterpillars

are meat-eaters the larva of the carnivorous $arvester butterfly eats woolly

aphids.utterflies and moths can only sip li6uid food using a tube-like proboscis,which is a long, fle+ible 7tongue.7 %his proboscis uncoils to sip food, and coils upagain into a spiral when not in use. Most butterflies live on nectar from flowers.

ome butterflies sip the li6uid from rotting fruits and a rare few prefer rotting

animal flesh or animal fluids !the $arvester butterfly pierces the bodies of woolly

aphids with its sharp proboscis and drinks the body fluids#.

utterflies are found all over the world and in all types of environments:

hot and cold, dry and moist, at sea level and high in the mountains. Most butterfly

species, however, are found in tropical areas, especially tropical rainforests.Manybutterflies migrate in order to avoid adverse environmental conditions !like cold

weather#. utterfly migration is not well understood. Most migrate relatively short

distances !like the "ainted Lady, the 8ed Admiral, and the ommon uckeye#,

but a few !like some Monarchs# migrate thousands of miles.

http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/butterfly/species/Monarch.shtmlhttp://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/butterfly/species/Monarch.shtml

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utterflies and moth belong to the order Lepidoptera. Lepidos is 9reek for

7scales7 and ptera means 7wing7. %hese scaled wings are different from the wings

of any other insects. Lepidoptera is a very large group there are more types of

butterflies and moths than there are of any other type of insects e+cept beetles. 5t

is estimated that there are about *(,((( different species of butterflies and moths

!there may be many more#. %here are about ;2,((( butterfly species worldwide,

the rest are moths.

utterfly fossils are rare. %he earliest butterfly fossils are from the early

retaceous period, about 0( million years ago. %heir development is closely

linked to the evolution of flowering plants !angiosperms# since both adultbutterflies and caterpillars feed on flowering plants, and the adults are important

pollinators of many flowering plants.