INFEKSI PARASIT USUS PADA

MANUSIA

Departeman Parasitology

FK USU

Enterobiasis

�Etiology:Enterobius vermicularis (Oxyuris vermicularis / pin worm/ thread worm/ seatworm).seatworm).

�Habitat:Large intestine (caecum and appendix).Sometimes in ascending colon and ileum.

Route of infection:

1. Ingestion infectious egg2. Direct transfer/Autoinfection3. Retroinfection 3. Retroinfection 4. Inhalation : contaminated and airbone

transmission

Life cycle

Pathofisiology

� The adults are mainly located in the caecal region and female deposits her eggs on the anus and perianal skin usually at night.

� The sticky, gelatinous substance in which the ova are deposited and the movements of the female worm cause perianal pruritus.

Pathofisiology

� Adult worms undergo ectopic migration and may enter the female genital tract. Inside the uterus or fallopian tube they may become encapsulated and produce symptoms of salpingitis.salpingitis.

� The parasite may also become lodged in the lumen of the appendix leading to appendicitis.

Diagnosis

1. Anal swab ( N.I.H swab )

2. Suspected in children with perianal itching andscratching, sleeplessness and restlessness..scratching, sleeplessness and restlessness..

3. Typical egg shape in feces, nail clipings, bedlinen

Prevention

� Treat all family members.

� Personal grooming – clean and short fingernails.

� Personal hygiene – wash hands before eating and after defecation.Personal hygiene – wash hands before eating and after defecation.

� Frequent washing of bedlines and clothes with soap and water.

Taeniasis

�Ethiology : T. saginata and T solium

�Habitat : small intestine, yeyunumHabitat

Taenia saginata

Mode of transmision

� Ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked pork harboring cysticercus cellulosae/cysticercus bovis.cellulosae/cysticercus bovis.

Life cycle

Pathofisiology

� Tertelan telur : cysticercosis

� Tertelan larva : taeniasis

� Taeniasis solium : autoinfeksi

� Gejala : ringan

� Pada manusia : taeniasis solium

Diagnosis

� QDP (Questionaire Demonstartion Proglottid)

� Motile proglottid in feces� Motile proglottid in feces

� Anal swab

Prevention

� Personal hygiene

� Avoid consuming raw or unproperly cooked porkpork

� Treatment of infected person

Amoebiasis

�Ethiology : E. histolytica- trophozoit : invasive form

- cyst : infective form

�Habitat : large intestine

Transmision

� Ingestion of the mature quadrinucleate cysts. Trophozoites play no role in transmission.

� Direct person to person transmision

� Contamination of water� Contamination of water

� Contamination of food

� Via flies and cockroaches

� Sexual transmision

� Animal reservoir

Pathofisiology

� E. histolytica frequently lives as a commensal in the lumen of the large intestine without causing disease.

� May invade the colon wall, produce � May invade the colon wall, produce ulcerations and intestinal symptoms, and migrate via the blood stream to the liver, where it produces hepatic abcesses.

Pathofisiology

� Infection by E. histolytica is mostly

asymptomatic.

- Under certain circumstances involving the - Under certain circumstances involving the

host and parasite factors, E.

histoytica becomes invasive.

Diagnosis

� Stool : fresh specimen

- Direct examination- Concentration technique- Direct examination- Concentration technique- Culture