i

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

EFEK MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum Zeylanikum)

SEBAGAI ANTI DEPRESAN PADA MENCIT DITINJAU DARI

IMMOBILITY TIME DENGAN METODE TAIL SUSPENTION TEST

Oleh:

RIZDIANIS DEVI MASYITHOH

201110330311007

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2015

ii

EFEK MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum Zeylanikum)

SEBAGAI ANTI DEPRESAN PADA MENCIT DITINJAU DARI

IMMOBILITY TIME DENGAN METODE TAIL SUSPENTION TEST

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

Diajukan kepada

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan

dalam Menyelesaikan Program Sarjana

Fakultas Kedokteran

Oleh:

RIZDIANIS DEVI MASYITHOH

201110330311007

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2015

iii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

KARYA TULIS AKHIR

Telah disetujui sebagai hasil penelitian

untuk memenuhi persyaratan

Pendidikan Sarjana Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Tanggal : 12 Juni 2015

Pembimbing I

dr. Fathiyah Safithri, M.Kes.

Pembimbing II

dr. Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi, M.Kes.

Mengetahui,

Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes.

iv

Karya Tulis Akhir oleh Rizdianis Devi Masyithoh ini

Telah diuji dan dipertahankan di depan Tim Penguji

Pada hari Jum’at, 12 Juni 2015

Tim Penguji

dr. Fathiyah Safithri, M.Kes. ,Ketua

dr. Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi, M.Kes. ,Anggota

dr. Abi Noor Wahyono, M.Kes, SpAn. ,Anggota

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur ke hadirat Allah SWT yang telah melimpahkan berkat rahmat

dan ridho-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi dengan

judul “Efek Minyak Atsiri Daun Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum Zeylanikum)

Sebagai Anti Depresan Pada Mencit Ditinjau Dari Immobility Time Dengan

Metode Tail Suspension Test”

Penulisan penelitian ini dilakukan dalam rangka memenuhi salah satu syarat

untuk mencapai gelar Sarjana Kedokteran Jurusan Pendidikan Dokter pada Fakultas

Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Penelitian ini tidaklah dapat

terselesaikan tanpa bantuan, bimbingan, saran, dan dukungan dari berbagai pihak.

Untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada :

1. Allah SWT, Rabb Yang Maha Pengasih dan Maha Pemurah, yang

senantiasa membukakan jalan dan kemudahan, serta melimpahkan rahmat

dan ridho-Nya.

2. Rosullullah SAW yang senantiasa memberikan suri tauladannya.

3. Ayah Effendi Dwi Furwanto, ibu Wati Dwi Kartika, kakak Rizky Ayundha

Sari, adik Rizal Akbar Syahroni dan semua saudara yang selalu memberi

dukungan, doa, kasih sayang, semangat, kepercayaan, pengorbanan dan

kesabaran yang tak terhingga bagi saya.

4. Seluruh jajaran Dekanat Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muhammadiyah

Malang.

vi

5. dr. Irma Suswati, M.Kes. selaku Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

6. dr. Fathiyah Safithri, M.Kes. selaku pembimbing I, terima kasih atas

bimbingan dan kesabarannya serta semangatnya dari awal memasuki FK

UMM hingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian ini dengan baik.

7. dr. Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi, M.Kes. selaku pembimbing II, terima

kasih atas bimbingan dan kesabarannya sehingga saya dapat menyelesaikan

penelitian ini dengan baik.

8. dr. Abi Noor Wahyono, M.Kes, SpAn. selaku penguji, terima kasih atas

bimbingan dan masukan-masukannya yang sangat membantu dalam

penyelesaian tugas akhir ini selama di FKUMM.

9. Ibu Nailis, yang bersedia mengajari penulis tentang cara penghitungan dan

pembagian dosis.

10. Seluruh Staf Tata Usaha dan Staf Lab. Terpadu Fakultas Kedokteran .

Terima kasih atas bantuan yang diberikan kepada penulis.

11. Sahabat penulis Putri, Oky, Vindy, Ani, Anggi, Devy, Mas Dimas, Otoy,

Sucik serta teman sejawat FK 2011 yang telah banyak memberi doa dan

dukungannya.

12. Semua pihak yang turut membantu dalam menyelesaikan karya tulis ini dan

juga mendoakan demi suksesnya karya tulis ini yang tidak bisa penulis sebut

satu-perstu.

vii

Penulis menyadari skripsi ini masih jauh dari sempurna, untuk itu saran dan

kritik konstruktif sangat penulis harapkan. Semoga skripsi ini dapat memberikan

sumbangan yang berharga, bagi kepentingan keilmuan maupun aplikasi di dunia

kedokteran.

Akhir kata penulis berharap adanya saran dan kritik yang membangun dan

semoga penelitian ini dapat menambah wawasan serta bermanfaat bagi semua

pihak.

Malang, 12 Juni 2015

Penulis

viii

DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................ iii

LEMBAR PENGUJI ........................................................................................... iv

KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................... v

ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ x

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ..................................................................................... xvi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah................................................................................. 3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 3

1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ............................................................................. 3

1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus ............................................................................ 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................ 3

1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis ...................................................................... 3

1.4.2 Manfaat Klinis ............................................................................. 3

1.4.3 Manfaat Masyarakat .................................................................... 4

ix

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 5

2.1 Kayu Manis........................................................................................... 5

2.1.1 Klasifikasi Kayu Manis ............................................................... 5

2.1.2 Morfologi Kayu Manis ................................................................ 6

2.1.3 Jenis – jenis Kayu Manis ............................................................ 7

2.1.4 Budidaya Kayu Manis ................................................................. 8

2.1.5 Kandungan Kimia Kayu Manis ................................................... 9

2.1.6 Minyak Atsiri Kayu Manis ......................................................... 11

2.1.7 Minyak Daun Kayu Manis .......................................................... 12

2.1.8 Eugenol ....................................................................................... 13

2.1.9 Mekanisme Kerja Eugenol Sebagai Antidepresan ...................... 14

2.2 Depresi .................................................................................................. 16

2.2.1 Definisi Depresi .......................................................................... 16

2.2.2 Epidemiologi Depresi.................................................................. 16

2.2.3 Etiologi Depresi .......................................................................... 17

2.2.4 Klasifikasi Depresi ...................................................................... 18

2.2.5 Faktor Resiko Depresi ................................................................. 19

2.2.6 Gambaran Klinis Depresi ............................................................ 21

2.2.7 Antidepresan ............................................................................... 22

2.2.8 Mekanisme Depresi Akibat Stressor ........................................... 23

2.3 Bahan dan Metode ................................................................................ 25

2.3.1 Hewan percobaan ........................................................................ 25

2.3.2 Uji Penggantungan Ekor (Tail Suspension Test) ........................ 28

2.3.2 Uji Berenang Paksa (Forced SwimmingTtest) ............................ 30

x

2.3.3 Uji Roda Putar Celup (Rotarod Test) .......................................... 30

BAB III KERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN HIPOTESIS ........................... 32

3.1 Kerangka Konseptual............................................................................ 32

3.2 Hipotesis ............................................................................................... 34

BAB IV METODE PENELITIAN .................................................................... 35

4.1 Jenis Penelitian ..................................................................................... 35

4.2 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................................ 35

4.3 Populasi dan Sampel ............................................................................. 35

4.3.1 Populasi ....................................................................................... 35

4.3.2 Sampel ......................................................................................... 35

4.3.3 Estimasi Besar Sampel ................................................................ 36

4.3.4 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ....................................................... 36

4.3.5 Karakteristik Sampel Penelitian .................................................. 37

4.3.6 Variabel Penelitian ...................................................................... 37

4.3.7 Definisi Operasional.................................................................... 37

4.4 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian .................................................................... 38

4.4.1 Alat .............................................................................................. 38

4.4.2 Bahan........................................................................................... 38

4.5 Alur Penelitian ...................................................................................... 39

4.6 Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 40

4.6.1 Pembagian Kelompok Mencit ..................................................... 40

4.6.2 Adaptasi Hewan Percobaan......................................................... 40

4.6.3 Penggantungan ekor dengan Tail Suspension Test ..................... 40

xi

4.6.4 Ekstrak Minyak Atsiri Daun Kayu Manis ................................... 40

4.6.5 Penentuan Dosis .......................................................................... 41

4.6.6 Pengukuran Immobility time ....................................................... 42

4.7 Analisis Data .......................................................................................... 42

BAB V HASIL DAN ANALISIS PENELITIAN .............................................. 43

5.1 . Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................................... 43

5.1.1 Hasil Pengukuran Immobility Time pada Mencit ........................ 43

5.2 Analisis Data......................................................................................... 45

BAB VI PEMBAHASAN .................................................................................... 51

BAB VII KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ........................................................... 55

7.1 . Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 55

7.2 . Saran ..................................................................................................... 55

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 56

xii

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman

2.1 Kandungan Minyak Atsiri Kayu Manis .......................................................... 9

2.2 Komposisi Mineral dan Vitamin dalam 100 g Kayu Manis ........................... 10

2.3 Data Biologis Mencit (Mus musculus) ........................................................... 27

5.1 Urutan rata-rata Immobility time Sebagai Efek Dari Pemberian

minyak atsiri daun kayu manis (Cinnamomum zeylanicum)........................... 44

xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

2.1 Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) ........................................................ 6

2.2 Struktur kimia minyak atsiri kayu manis ........................................................ 10

2.3 Mencit (Mus musculus) ................................................................................... 26

2.4 Tail Suspension Test ........................................................................................ 29

2.5 Forced Swimming Test .................................................................................... 30

2.6 Rotarod Test .................................................................................................... 31

4.1 Alur penelitian ................................................................................................. 39

4.2 Perangkat Destilasi Uap .................................................................................. 41

5.1 Grafik efek pemberian minyak atsiri daun kayu manis

(Cinnamomum zeylanikum) terhadap Immobility time .................................... 43

5.2 Grafik Linieritas antara pemberian dosis minyak atsiri daun

kayu manis (Cinnamomum zeylanikum) terhadap Immobility time. ............... 50

xiv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN

ACTH :Adenocorticotropine hormone

CRH : Corticotropin Releasing Hormone

DA : Dopamin

FST : Forced Swimming Test

GABA : Gamma Amino Butiric Acid

HPA : Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal

LC : Locus Ceruleus

MAO : Monoamine Oxidase

MAOI : Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor

NE : Norepinefrin

PVN : Paraventricular

SSP : Susunan Saraf Pusat

SSRI : Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

TCA : Tricyclic

TH : Tryrosine Hydroxylase

TST : Tail Suspension Test

5-HT : 5-hydroxytryptamine

xv

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Perhitungan Immobility Time.......................................................... 62

Lampiran 2 Analisis Data Immobility Time ....................................................... 63

Lampiran 3 Foto Penelitian ................................................................................ 70

Lampiran 4 “ETHICAL CLEARENCE” ............................................................ 72

Lampiran 5 Determinasi Tanaman Kayu Manis ................................................ 73

xvi

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