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HUBUNGAN SIPIL-MILITER DI PAKISTAN ERA PERVEZ MUSHARRAF TAHUN 2001-2008 Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1 Ayuni Nur Siami 201410360311211 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2018

Transcript of HUBUNGAN SIPIL-MILITER DI PAKISTAN ERA PERVEZ …eprints.umm.ac.id/40449/1/PENDAHULUAN.pdf · 2018....

Page 1: HUBUNGAN SIPIL-MILITER DI PAKISTAN ERA PERVEZ …eprints.umm.ac.id/40449/1/PENDAHULUAN.pdf · 2018. 11. 21. · HUBUNGAN SIPIL-MILITER DI PAKISTAN ERA PERVEZ MUSHARRAF TAHUN 2001-2008

HUBUNGAN SIPIL-MILITER DI PAKISTAN ERA

PERVEZ MUSHARRAF TAHUN 2001-2008

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Sarjana

Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1

Ayuni Nur Siami

201410360311211

PROGRAM STUDI ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

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KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas berkah, rahmat dan karunia-

Nya, sehingga dapat membantu penulis menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul

“Hubungan Sipil-Militer di Pakistan Era Pervez Musharraf Tahun 2001-2008”.

Skripsi ini merupakan tugas akhir penulis yang disusun dalam rangka untuk

memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik di

Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Proses penyusunan dan penulisan skripsi ini tentu dilakukan dengan

dukungan, bantuan, dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Sehingga dalam kesempatan

ini, penulis bermaksud ingin mengucapkan terimakasih kepada:

1. Bapakku Tardi Kaliyono dan Mamaku Sundari Ramelan, atas semangat

dan doa yang tidak berhenti untuk aku agar cepat menyelesaikan dan

melanjutkan tahapan pendidikan yang lebih tinggi. Skripsi ini aku

persembahkan untuk orang tuaku tercinta. Juga untuk adikku Rizkia

Maulina, Sepupuku Indah Nurhayati, Lelek Bandi, Lelek Nyoto, Bibi

Ulan, Bibi Dian, terima kasih semuanya tanpa kalian aku bukan apa-apa.

2. Bapak Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int, selaku dosen pembimbing

satu dan Bapak Haryo Prasodjo, M.A, selaku dosen pembimbing dua,

yang bersedia mengarahkan, mengkritik, memberi saran, dan meluangkan

waktu untuk membimbing saya selama menyusun skripsi ini.

3. Staf dosen HI-FISIP Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang yang telah

memberikan ilmu selama penulis mengikuti perkuliahan hingga penulisan

tugas akhir ini.

4. Rogib Al Aspahani, Veronica Tiara Rani, Rossi Damayanti, Elok Nur

Rahmawati, teman-temanku seperjuangan skripsi, terimakasih atas

support dalam mengerjakan skripsi.

5. Teman-teman IPA alumni SMANTIL 2013 “Fabulous” terutama buat

Novikawati Alamri,S.farm, Arif Manto, Mohammad Firman Su’ut,

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S.Farm, Nurul Muchlisa Rachman, Farhan Fadlurahman, S.Farm,

Reynaldi Tumewu, Amd.Kep, Elsy F. Datau, S.Pt, Osni Pakaya, dan

banyak lagi yang tidak bisa disebut satu per satu yang selalu setia

menunggu, menghibur menemani, dan membantuku ketika kesulitan dan

kebingungan mengerjakan skripsi. Kalian luar biasa

6. Teman dekatku dan seperjuanganku Tria Yunita Permana, adik

seperantauan di malang Melvy Pakaya, Syifa Amalia Laudiu, Sigit Saliko,

teman-teman kelas HI-C, terima kasih untuk semua waktu selama kuliah

di malang.

7. Teman-teman HI UMM angkatan 2014, teman-teman radio UMM FM,

dan IKABAMA, terima kasih atas kerjasama, ilmu dan kebersamaannya

selama ini, dan semua pihak yang ikut berkontribusi dalam membantu

penulis menyelesaikan skripsi ini.

Malang, 02 Juli 2018

Penulis

Ayuni Nur Siami

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN SAMPUL ..................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. ii

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .......................................................................... iii

PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS SKRIPSI ............................................... iv

BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN SKRIPSI ................................................... v

KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAKSI ............................................................................................... viii

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ xii

DAFTAR BAGAN ...................................................................................... xiii

DAFTAR DIAGRAM ................................................................................. xiv

DAFTAR SINGKATAN ............................................................................... xv

BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................... 1

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................ 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 5

1.3 Tujuan Dan Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................... 6

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 6

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 6

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ................................................................................... 7

1.5 Kerangka Konsep ...................................................................................... 25

1.5.1 Konsep Hubungan Sipil-Militer .................................................... 25

1.6 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................... 32

1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian .............................................................................. 32

1.6.2 Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................ 32

1.6.3 Teknik Analisa Data ..................................................................... 32

1.6.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ............................................................. 33

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a. Batasan Waktu .................................................................................... 33

b. Batasan Materi .................................................................................... 33

1.7 Argumen Dasar ......................................................................................... 34

1.8 Sistematika Penulisan ................................................................................ 35

BAB II DINAMIKA POLITIK DAN PEMERINTAHAN

DI PAKISTAN ............................................................................................. 37

2.1 Perkembangan Dinamika Politik Pemerintahan Pakistan .......................... 37

2.1.1 Sistem Politik dan Struktur Negara Pakistan .................................... 39

2.2 Posisi militer dalam Struktur Tatanan Politik di Pakistan .......................... 45

2.3 Dinamika Kudeta Militer di Pakistan ........................................................ 50

2.4 Pakitan Pasca Kudeta Musharraf Tahun 1999 ........................................... 57

BAB III POLA HUBUNGAN SIPIL-MILITER ERA MUSHARRAF

TAHUN 2001-2007 ........................................................................................ 62

3.1 Kegagalan Koalisi Sipil Militer ................................................................. 62

3.2 Rezim Militer Jenderal Pervez Musharraf .................................................. 67

3.3 Oligarki Militer di Pakistan ....................................................................... 69

3.3.1 Dominasi Militer dalam Pemerintahan Musharraf .......................... 75

3.3.2 Pembatasan atas Ruang Gerak Sipil ............................................... 77

BAB IV POLA HUBUNGAN SIPIL-MILITER ERA MUSHARRAF

TAHUN 2007-2008 ........................................................................................ 84

4.1 Pengunduran diri Musharraf sebagai Kepala Militer Angkatan Darat ........ 84

4.2 Pakistan Pasca Musharraf Dilantik Sebagai Presiden Sipil ........................ 87

4.3 Kondisi Militer Pakistan Dibawah Kepemimpinan

Jendral Ashfaq Kayani .............................................................................. 90

4.3.1 Kebijakan Penarikan Prajurit Militer dari Instansi Pemerintahan

dan Arena Politik ............................................................................. 93

4.3.2 Militerisasi Militer Pakistan .............................................................. 95

BAB V PENUTUP ........................................................................................ 99

5.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 99

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5.2 Saran ....................................................................................................... 103

DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................. 104

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Musharraf's referendum Bogus democracy can be worse than none at all, Edisi 25

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Naghman Chaudhry,Pakistan’s First Military Coup: Why Did The First Pakistani

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