Histologi sistem reproduksi wanita

5/19/2018 Histologi sistem reproduksi wanita

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Female Reproductive System

Histology Department


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Introduction

Enam besar fungsi:

Produksi gamet betina, ova yangPenerimaan dari gamet laki-laki,

spermatozoa yang

Penyediaan lingkungan yang sesuai

untuk fertilisasi ovum olehspermatozoa

Penyediaan lingkungan untuk

perkembangan janin

Sebuah alat untuk pengusiran janin

dikembangkan untuk lingkungan

eksternal

Gizi bayi yang baru lahir


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Tiga unit struktural

berdasarkan

fungsi:

Indung telurSaluran kelamin

Payudara


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Introduction INTERNAL PARTS :

OVARIES OVIDUCT

UTERUS

VAGINA

EXTERNAL PARTS : OPENING OF THE VAGINA

LABIA (MAJORA & MINORA)

VESTIBULE

CLITORIS

CATATAN: WALAUPUN TIDAK organ kelamin,kelenjar susu aksesori ADALAH ORGAN PENTINGDARI saluran reproduksi wanita.

Anatomi INTEGRASI UNTUK REPRODUKSI

ANATOMICAL INTEGRATION FOR

REPRODUCTION

PembuahanDAN PENGEMBANGAN

MEMBERIKAN DAN EXIT


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Picture taken from Basic

Histology Text & Atlas , 10th

edition, L. Carlos Junquira MD,

Jose Carneiro MD, Robert O.

Kelley PhD, Lange Medical

Books, Mc Graw-Hill , 2003.


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Ovary KOTOR ANATOMI

APROXIMATION CLOSE ATAS saluran telurBADAN dipasangkan Oval YANG LIE ONSETIAP SISI ATAS DARI RAHIMDiadakan di POTITION ATAS RAHIM olehligamen

2 .anatomi yang berbeda DAERAHDIJAMIN OLEH mesotelium YANGBERKELANJUTAN DENGAN YANG DARIMESOVARIUM ATAS, ATAS sel skuamosaMENJADI CUBOIDAL DAN BENTUK epitel

permukaan ovarium epitel germinal = (JANGKALAMA)Meduler-sangat vaskular, CT, limfatik dan sarafKorteks-folikel, CT, DAN BEBERAPA OTOTHALUS

Tunica albuginea UNTUK MEMISAHKAN DARI


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Histology of

Ovary

Bagian dari indung telur

dengan korteks &

meduler daerah.

H & E noda.

Pembesaran rendah

Picture taken from Basic Histology

Text & Atlas , 10th edition, L.

Carlos Junquira MD, Jose

Carneiro MD, Robert O. Kelley

PhD, Lange Medical Books, Mc

Graw-Hill , 2003.


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Daerah kortikal dari indung telur1.Ovary dikelilingi oleh epitelgerminal & oleh tunika albuginea2.Groups folikel primordial, masing-masing dibentuk oleh oosit dikelilingioleh lapisan sel

3.follicular datar, yang hadir dalamjaringan ikat indung telur (stroma).Giemsa stain. Pembesaran rendah.

Picture taken from Basic Histology Text &

Atlas , 10th edition, L. Carlos Junquira MD,

Jose Carneiro MD, Robert O. Kelley PhD,Lange Medical Books, Mc Graw-Hill , 2003.


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Perkembangan folikel


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Ovarian follicle


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Primordial

fol l ic les

1.Located di korteks hanya di bawahtunika albuginea.2.One lapisan sel folikel rata mengelilingioosit (sekitar 30 m diameter).3.the inti oosit diposisikan eksentrik dalam

sel.Tampaknya sangat ringan dan berisiNukleolus terkemuka.Sebagian besar dari agregat organel oositdi tengah sel, di mana mereka

membentuk tubuh vitelline (mungkin tidakterlihat dalam salah satu persiapan yangtersedia).


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Pararosanilinetoluidine blue (PT)stain.

Low magnification.

Picture taken

from Basic

Histology Text &

Atlas, 10th

edition, L. CarlosJunquira MD,

Jose Carneiro

MD, Robert O.

Kelley PhD,

Lange Medical

Books, Mc Graw-Hill , 2003.

Dibentuk oleh:

sebuah oosit &

satu lapisan

dari cuboidal

sel granulosa

Formed by:An Oocyte &

flatfollicular

cells


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The primary fo l l ic le

Morfologi Tahap pertama yang menandai awal pematanganfolikelSel oosit sebelumnya rata sekitar sekarang membentukepitel cuboidal atau kolumnar sekitar oosit.

Sitoplasma mungkin memiliki penampilan granular (selgranulosa).Perkembangan lanjutan dari sel-sel akan menghasilkanpembentukan epitel berlapis (dengan membran basalberbeda) yang mengelilingi oosit.The zona pellucida (glikoprotein antara proses interdigitatingdari oosit dan sel granulosa) menjadi terlihat.sel parenkim dari ovarium sekitar folikel tumbuh menjaditerorganisir di bungkus konsentris, yang folliculi teka.


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Secondary fo l l ic le

ruang kecil berisi cairan menjadi terlihat antara sel granulosa sebagaifolikel mencapai diameter sekitar 400 m.Memperbesar ruang tersebut dan sekering untuk membentuk antrum

folikuler (fitur mendefinisikan dari folikel sekunder).oosit ini sekarang terletak eksentrik di folikel di oophorus kumulus, manadikelilingi oleh sel granulosa.The teka folliculi membedakan dengan pertumbuhan lanjutan dari folikelmenjadi teka internasional dan teka eksterna.

_Vascularization Dari teka internasional meningkatkan

_The sel berbentuk gelendong atau polyhedral dalam lapisan ini mulaimemproduksi estrogen._The Teka eksterna mempertahankan karakteristik dari jaringan ikat yangsangat seluler dengan sel otot polos.Oosit sekunder dari folikel mencapai diameter sekitar 125 m.Folikel sendiri mencapai diameter sekitar 10-15 mm.


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An antral follicle:

Oocyte surrounded by granulosa cellsof corona radiata & supported bycumulus oophorus.

The remaining granulosa cells formwall of follicle & surround large antrum.

A theca surrounds the whole follicle.

A small part of wall of

antral follicle:

Antrum

Granulosa cells

Thecasinterna & externaA basement membrane

separates the granulosa

layer from the theca interna.

PT stain. High magnification.


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Mature or tert iary or preovulatory o r

Graafian fo l l ic le

Increases further in size (in particular in

the last 12h before ovulation). The Graafian follicle forms a small

"bump" on the surface of the ovary, thestigma(or macula pellucida). The stigma is characterised by a thinning of

the capsule and a progressive restriction of theblood flow to it.

Prior to ovulation the cumulus oophorusseparates from the follicular wall.

The oocyte : floating freely in the follicularantrum. It is still surrounded by granulosa cells which

form the corona radiata.

The follicle finally ruptures at the stigma

and the oocyte is released from the ovary


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Atresia Atresia adalah nama untuk proses degeneratif

dimana oosit (dan folikel) binasa tanpa telah diusiroleh ovulasi.

Hanya sekitar 400 oosit ovulasi - sekitar 99,9% darioosit yang mana hadir pada saat pubertasmengalami atresia.

Atresia mungkin efek oosit pada semua tahap dari"hidup mereka" - baik sebelum lahir dan postnatally.Pada bulan keenam kehamilan sekitar 7 juta oosit

dan oogonium yang hadir dalam ovarium.Pada saat lahir jumlah ini berkurang menjadi sekitar2 juta. Dari jumlah tersebut hanya sekitar 400,000bertahan hingga pubertas.

Atresia juga modus penghancuran pematanganfolikel yang dimulai selama Siklus (10-15) tetapi yangtidak berovulasi.

Atresia adalah operasi sebelum pubertas untukmenghilangkan folikel yang mulai jatuh temposelama periode ini (tidak ada yang berovulasi).Mengingat bahwa atresia folikel mempengaruhi padaberbagai tahap perkembangan mereka jelas bahwaproses tersebut dapat mengambil cukup beragampenampilan histologik


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Characteristic ofFOLLICLE TRESI

1. Loss of cells of corona radiata

2. Oocyte floating freewithin antrum

3. Death of granulosa cells,

many of which are seen

loose in antrum

PT stain.Medium magnification

Picture taken from Basic Histology Text &

Atlas , 10th edition, L. Carlos Junquira MD,

Jose Carneiro MD, Robert O. Kelley PhD,

Lange Medical Books, Mc Graw-Hill , 2003.


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The Corpus luteumThe wall of the follicle collapses into a folded structure(characteristic for the corpus luteum).

Vascularization increases

Connective tissue network is formed.

Theca interna cells and granulosa cells triple in sizeand start accumulating lutein within a few hours afterovulation (granulosa lutein cellsand theca lutein cellsand produceprogesteroneand oestrogens)

Hormone secretion in the corpus luteum ceases within

14 days after ovulation if the oocyte is not fertilised (thecorpus luteum degenerates into a corpus albicans-whitish scar tissue within the ovaries).

Hormone secretion continues for 2-3 month afterovulation if fertilisation occurs.


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Corpus luteum


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Corpus Luteum


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Corpus Luteum Corpus albicans


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Corpus albicans


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Oviduct -Fungsi: sebagai sarana bagi oosit,

dari ovarium ke rahim.

-Histologis:

_the saluran telur terdiri dari:1 a mukosa dan muskularis.

2 peritoneal Permukaan saluran

telur dibatasi oleh serosa dan

jaringan ikat yg terletak di bawah.


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Oviductmukosa yangDibentuk oleh epitel silia dan sekresi

beristirahat pada lamina propria yang sangatselular.Jumlah sel silia dan sel sekretori bervariasi disepanjang saluran telur (lihat di bawah).

Aktivitas Sekretori bervariasi selama siklusmenstruasi, dan beristirahat sel sekretori juga

disebut sebagai pasak-sel.Beberapa substansi yang dikeluarkandiperkirakan memelihara oosit dan embriosangat awal.The muskularis

Terdiri dari lapisan otot dalam lingkaran danlapisan longitudinal luar.Lapisan longitudinal dalam hadir di tanahgenting dan bagian intramural (lihat di bawah)saluran telur.tindakan otot peristaltik tampaknya lebih

penting untuk pengangkutan sperma dan oosit


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Oviduct 1 infundibulum: berbentuk corong (hingga 10 mm diameter) akhir saluran

telur.

- Finger ekstensi seperti margin nya, fimbriae, adalah erat diterapkanpada ovarium.- Sel berbulu mata yang sering. silia mengalahkan mereka ke arah2 ampula saluran telur.- Lipatan mukosa, atau plicae, dan lipatan sekunder yang timbul dariplicae yang membagi lumen ampula ke dalam bentuk yang sangatkompleks.- Pemupukan biasanya terjadi di ampula tersebut.3 tanah genting ini adalah bagian sempit (2-3 mm) dari bagian-bagiansaluran telur yang terletak dalam rongga peritoneal.- Mukosa lipatan kurang kompleks dan muskularis yang tebal. Lapisan,dalam otot longitudinal hadir di tanah genting dan4 intramural bagian dari saluran telur, yang menembus dinding rahim.

mukosa adalah halus, dan diameter bagian dalam saluran sangat kecil.


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Uterine Tube

Three layers:

Mucosa

Muskularis

Serosa


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Wall of an oviduct

Sangat melipat

mukosamenunjukkan

bahwa daerah ini

dekat dengan

ovarium. PT stain

Pembesaran

rendah.

Oviduct Epithelial

sel berbulu mata

berkontribusi

terhadap

pergerakan oositatau konsepsi ke

uterus

PT noda.

Pembesaran tinggi.

Picture taken from Basic

Histology Text & Atlas , 10th

edition, L. Carlos Junquira MD,

Jose Carneiro MD, Robert O.

Kelley PhD, Lange MedicalBooks, Mc Graw-Hill , 2003.

O id t


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Oviduct

Th Ut


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The Uterus

The uterus is divided into

1. Body(upper two-thirds) and

2. Cervix

The walls of the uterus are composed of

a Mucosal layer (the endometrium)

A fibromuscular layer (the myometrium).

The peritoneal surface of the uterus iscovered by a serosa

Ph M t l C l


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Phases on Menstrual Cycle

UTERUS


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Myometr iumThe muscle fibres of the uterus form

layers with preferred orientations of

fibres (actually 4), but this is verydifficult to see in most preparations.

The muscular tissue hypertrophies

during pregnancy, and GAP-junctionsbetween cells become more frequent.

The Uterus


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Endometr iumConsists of a simple columnar epithelium(ciliated cells and secretory cells) and anunderlying thick connective tissue stroma.

The mucosa is invaginated to form many

simple tubular uterine glands.The glands extend through the entirethickness of the stroma.

The stromal cells of the endometrium are

embedded in a network of reticular fibres.The endometrium is subject to cyclicchanges that result in menstruation. Only themucosa of the body of the uterus takes partin the menstrual cycle

The Uterus


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The Uterus Endometr ium

The endometrium can be divided into two zonesbased on their involvement in the changes duringthe menstrual cycle: the basalisand thefunct ional is.

The basalis is not sloughed off during

menstruation but functions as a regenerativezone for the functionalis after its rejection.

The functionalis is the luminal part of theendometrium. It is sloughed off during everymenstruation and it is the site of cyclic changes inthe endometrium. These cyclic changes aredivided into a number of phases:proliferative(orfollicular), secretory(or luteal), and menstrual.


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The surface epithelium & uterine glands are

embedded in a lamina propria made of very

loose connective tissue.

PT stain. Medium magnification.

Straight uterine glands in deep endometriumduring proliferative phase. Smooth muscle of

myometrium is also seen. H&E stain. Medium

magnification


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Uterine glands during luteal phase

uterine glands become tortuous and their

lumen is filled with secretions. Some

edema is present in the connective tissue.

H&E stain. Medium magnification.

Inset:High magnification.


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Cervix

TRANTITIONAL EPITHELIUM (T zone) GOES FROM SQUAMOUS (ectocervix)TO SECRETING (UTERINE GLANDS) COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM (endocervix).

VISCOUS OF MUCUS GLANDS CHANGES WITH MENSTRUAL CYCLE

CERVIX TO VESTIBULE

MULTILAYERED

MUCOSAL

FOLDS OF STRATIFIED EPITH NOT KERATINIZED BUT KERATOHYALIN GRANULES MAY

BE VISIBLE

NO GLANDS BUT CELLS ARE HIGH IN GLYCOGEN

MUCUS COMES FROM CERVICAL GLANDS

MUSCULARIS-SMOOTH MUSCLE ADVENTITIAL

C i


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Cervix

Normal endocervix:epithelium

composed of one layer of mucin

secreting cells with few reserve

cells (arrow).

Structure of the ectocervix:

CT=connective tissue, BM=basement

membrane, L1=basal cells (1 layer),

L2=parabasal cells (2 layers),

L3=intermediate cells (around 8 layers),

L4=superficial cells (5 or 6 layers) andL5=exfoliating cells

E t i


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Ectocervix

Structure of th e ectocerv ix- details of

basal, parabasal & intermediate layers:

connective tissue, basal cells (one layer),

parabasal cells (two layers), intermediate

cells (some layers) with inter-cellular

bridges. The N/C ratio of basal & parabasalcells is high

Structu re of the ectocervix:

details of the superficial layers :

superficial cells (5 or 6 layers). The

N/C ratio is very low and the axis of

cells is parallel to the basement

membrane

T f ti Z


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Transformation Zone

Transform ation zone: normal

squamous epithelium (red star),

squamous metaplasia (green star) with

some remaining endocervical cells (blue

arrow)

Transform ation zone: squamous

epithelium islet in the endocervix

area.

All cervix pictures downloaded from :

http://screening.iarc.fr/atlasglossdef.php?key=Normal+endocervix&img


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Different types of squamous cells - A: superficial cells

(arrows); B: intermediate cells; C: parabasal cells; D:metaplastic cells. (obj. 20x)

ervix ells & paps smear


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Vagina

The vagina is a fibromuscular tube with a wall consisting of three layers:

Mucosa

The stratified squamous epithelium (deep stratum basalis, intermediatestratum spinosum, superficial layers of flat eosinophilic cells which docontain keratin but which do not normally form a true horny layer) rests ona very cellular lamina propria (many leukocytes). Towards the muscularis

some vascular cavernous spacesmay be seen (typical erectile tissue). Muscularis

Inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle are present.Inferiorly, the striated, voluntary bulbospongiosus muscle forms asphincter around the vagina.

Adventitia

The part of the adventitia bordering the muscularis is fairly dense and

contains many elastic fibres. Loose connective tissue with a prominentvenous plexus forms the outer part of the adventitia.


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Stratified squamous epithelium of

vaginasupported by a dense connective

tissue. The cytoplasm of these epithelial

cells is clear because of accumulated

glycogen.

PSH stain. Medium magnification.

Vagina


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Female Accessory Reproductive Glands -

Mammary Glands

The mammary glands are modified glands of the skin (resembles that of sweatglands).

Compound branched alveolar glands, which consist of 15-25 lobes separated bydense interlobar connective tissue and fat (Each lobe contains an individual gland)

The excretory duct of each lobe, also called lactiferous duct, has its own opening onthe nipple.

The lactiferous duct has a two layered epithelium- basal cells are cuboidal whereasthe superficial cells are columnar.

Beneath the nipple, the dilated lactiferous duct forms a lactiferous sinus, whichfunctions as a reservoir for the milk.

Branches of the lactiferous duct are lined with a simple cuboidal epithelium.

The secretory units are alveoli, which are lined by a cuboidal or columnarepithelium.

A layer of myoepithelial cells is always present between the epithelium and thebasement membrane of the branches of the lactiferous duct and the alveoli.


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Breast


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Breast


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Mammary Gland


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Pregnancy

Pl t


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Placenta

Pl t


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Placenta

Pl t


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Placenta

Pl t


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Placenta The placentamay be usefully understood as

a "parasite" feeding on blood from theendometrium(Imagine scooping out a portionof the endometrium).

The resulting bowl will fill with blood frombroken vessels in the endometrial stroma.

Now lay a cover over the bowl, and imaginemany "roots" extending down from the coverinto the blood-filled hollow (the roots canabsorb oxygen and nutrients from the bloodin which they are bathed).

Placenta
http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/uterus.htmhttp://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/uterus.htmhttp://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/uterus.htmhttp://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/erg/uterus.htm


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The coveris the chorionic plateof the placenta.

The "roots"are the chorionic villi.

Both the placenta and the chorionic villi are entirely fetal tissue (orange in the

diagram above). "Anchoring villi" attach the placenta to the endometrium.

Smaller branching villi extend out into the intervillous space.

Fetal circulationpasses down the umbilical cord, though vessels in the villi,and back up the umbilical cord.

Maternal blood"spills" from open endometrial arteries (the spiral arteries) intothe intervillous space (pink in the diagram above), and returns into endometrial

veins. The chorionic villi are surrounded and bathed by "lakes" of maternal blood.

Within the intervillous space, maternal blood is not contained by blood vessels

The surface of the chorionic villi is an epithelial layer, the fetalsyncytiotrophoblast, which has the ability to grow invasivelyinto the maternalendometrium. The syncytiotrophoblast also has microvilli on the surface forabsorbing nutrients from maternal blood.

Beneath the syncytiotrophoblast (i.e., toward the core of the villus), is thecytotrophoblast, a layer of cuboidal cells which eventually disappear. (Thecytotrophoblast also forms trophoblast columns, masses of cells filling the endsof anchoring villi.)

Maternal endometrial stromal tissue adjacent to the placenta differentiates intolarge decidual cells(so named because the outer layer of the endometrium isshed at birth along with the placenta). Decidual cells may intermix with fetal cellsin the cytotrophoblast. The boundary between maternal and fetal tissue isimmunologically interesting.

Umbilical Cord


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Umbilical Cord The umbilical cord is simply a conduit carrying fetal blood

between the fetus and the placenta. It normally containstwo arteries and one vein, surrounded by extensivemesenchymal tissue ("Wharton's jelly").

Consists of so-called "mucous" or mesenchymalconnective tissue, also called Wharton's jelly (widelyscattered mesenchymal fibroblasts within soft, jelly-like

ground substance of hyaluronic acid and chondroitinsulfate)

Surrounded by a thin stratified squamous epithelium andincluding typically two arteries and one vein. [Thesecond vein in this image presumably represents one

portion of a double U-shaped bend in this singlevein.] The arteries lack internal and external elasticlayers.


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Umbilical Cord


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