Hasil Kebudayaan Manusia Purba

Judan Syamsul Hadad (15)

Tujuan Pembelajaran

Menganalisis hasil kebu-dayaan manusia purba di Indonesia.

Mengidentifikasi periodi-sasi perkembangan buda-ya pada masyarakat pra-sejarah di Indonesia.

Standar Kompetensi Memahami perbedaan

hasil kebudayaan di Indonesia.

Prehistorical

Age

Stone Age

Iron Age

Bronze Age

Stone Age is a broad prehistoric period, lasting about 2.5 million years. In this age, stone is widely used as the basic material for making tools. Wood, bone, shell, antler, and other materials were widely used as well. In 1859, Jens Jacob Worsaae divided Stone Age into three parts.

Stone Age

Stone Age

Paleolithic Mesolithic Neolithic Megalithic

Paleolithic also know as Palaeolithic, the name was derived from palaios which means old and lithos which means stone. In this age, humans started to develop tools from stone, bone, and wood even though the tools were roughly made. Also, Homo erectus live in this time of age.

Paleolithic

Paleolithic

Pacitan Culture

Ngandong Culture

The handmade tools from Pacitan Culture are axes and flakes. The tools were also found in the surrounding area such as Sukabumi (West Java), Tambangsawah (Bengkulu), Lahat (South Sumatera), Kalianda (Lampung), Awang Bangkal (South Borneo), Cabenge (South Sulawesi), Sembiran, and many more.

Pacitan Culture

The stone tools were also found in Ngandong and the surrounding area, as well as in Sangriran (Central Java) and Cabenge (South Sulawesi). The tools are handheld axe, flakes, and stone stiletto.

Ngandong Culture

This era started from the end of the ice age. Around 6.000 – 10.000 years ago. In this age, they still used tools from Paleolithic. The special characteristic of this age was the leftover of shell (Kjokkenmoddinger) which stated, that they lived in the coast. Based on the location, the culture was divided into three.

Mesolithic

Mesolithic

Pabble Culture

Bone Culture

Flake Culture

Neolithic, also known as The New Stone Age, was characterized from the adaptation of agriculture. Neolithic peoples were capable of manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (pottery, bone implements). There were two cultures in this age.

Neolithic

Neolithic

Square-Shaped

Axe Culture

Round-Shaped

Axe Culture

This axe was found in Sumatera, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Maluku, and Borneo. The archeologist thought that this axe was a symbol for a ritual.

Square-Shaped Axe Culture

Round-Shaped Axe is an axe which in the tip of the axe was sharp. The big one’s name was Walzenbeil. And the small one’s name was Kleinbeil. Most of the axes were found in Papua.

Round-Shaped Axe Culture

Actually, Megalithic was a part of Neolithic. This age occurred until the beginning of Bronze Age. In this age, the monumental buildings were more advanced than in Neolithic.

Megalithic

Megalithic

Menhir Sarcophagus Dolmen Grave Stone

CoffinPunden

Berundak

Was a large monument made of stone. The core of Menhir was roughly made. Menhir can be found in South Sumatera, Central Sulawesi, and Borneo.

Menhir

Was a stone shaped like a mortar. Most of the sarcophagus can be found in Bali.

Sarcophagus

Was a large stone that was made to look like table. Dolmen can be found in Bondowoso (East Java).

Dolmen

Was a building shaped like a coffin with four pillars. They can be found in Sumatera and Kuningan (West Java).

Grave Stone Coffin

Was a building of worship with a multilevel structure.

Punden Berundak

Bronze Age of any culture is the period during which the most advanced metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use) in that culture uses bronze. This could either be based on the local smelting of copper and tin from ores, or trading for bronze from production areas elsewhere.

Bronze Age

Iron Age is the period in any area during which cutting tools and weapons were mainly made of iron or steel. The adoption of this material coincided with other changes in society, including differing agricultural practices, religious beliefs and artistic styles. The Iron Age is the last principal period in the three-age system for classifying ancient societies.

Iron Age

Each era had it’s own characteristic. In Indonesia, the archeologist thought that there were only 2 great ages, stone age and bronze age. Because there wasn’t so many difference between the tools from bronze age and iron age.

Conclusion