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gj;jhk; tFg;G – nghJj;Njh;T – khu;r; 2017

r%f mwptpay; - tpilf;Fwpg;Gfs;

rupahd tpil

1. M. fhy;gu;l; 2. m. gpuhd;rp]; ngu;bdhd;L 3. m. 1856

4. m. lhf;lu;.,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj; 5. M. mGy; M\hd; 6. ,. fpwp];Jt kjk;

7. <. tpahghup 8. m. =yq;fh 9. <. jpidtif

10. m. thd;top 11. m. nrq;Fj;J 12. M. 3

13. M. gpujku; 14. m. 1967

nghUj;Jf

15. (i)

m. KNrhypapd; njhz;lu;fs;;

M. I.eh. jiyikafk;

,. Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjp

<. b.vk;. ehau;

c. <.Nt. uhkrhkp ngupahu;

2 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 16. Vfhjpgj;jpak;

1. xU ehL gpw ehLfspd; gFjpfis tYfl;lhakhf ntd;W mtw;iw jdJ Ml;rpapd; fPo; nfhz;L tUjy;.

2. xU ehL jd; ehl;bd; Ml;rpia kw;nwhU ehl;bd; kPJ jpzpj;jy;. 3. xU ehL kw;nwhU ehl;bd; murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu mjpfhuq;fis

ifaf;fLj;jp me;ehl;bd; ,aw;if tsq;fis gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy;.

17. rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; mq;fq;fs; 1. nghJr;rig 2. nrayfk; 3. rh;tNjr njhopyhsh; mikg;G 4. eph;thf rig

18. ghrprk; - nghUs; 1. ghrprk; vd;Wk; nrhy; ghrp]; vd;Dk; ,yj;jPd; thh;j;ijapy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpaJ. 2. ,jw;F “$l;L” (m) “FO” vd;W nghUs;

19. mopj;Jg; gpd;thq;Fk; nfhs;if 1. 1. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghhpy; ,u\;ahtpw;Fk; n[h;khdpf;Fk; ,ilNa eilngw;w Nghupy; ,u\;ah;fs; gpd;gw;wpaf;

nfhs;if mopj;J gpd;thq;Fk; nfhs;if MFk;. 2. ,f;nfhs;if %yk; gaph;fs;> ghyq;fs;> ,Ug;Gg; ghijfs; Nghd;wtw;iw vjphpfs; ifg;gw;whky; ,Uf;f jhq;fNs

jPapl;L mopj;Jf; nfhz;L Kd;Ndwpdh;. 3. ,u\;a jiyefh; kh];Nfhit ifg;gw;wpa n[h;khdpa gilfSf;F vJTk; fpilf;fhjjhy; n[h;kdpf;F Njhy;tp

Kfk; Vw;gl;lJ.;

15. (ii)

m. mjpf kionghopT

M. gUj;jp

,. Re;jutdk;

<. nrd;id

c. Nfush

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20. ngupahu; - itf;fk; tPuu; 1. 1924y; Nfushtpy; cs;s itf;fj;jpy; eilngw;w jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fspd; “Mya EioT jil

rl;lj;ij” vjph;j;Jg; nghpahh; rj;jpahfpuf Nghuhl;lj;jpy; <Lgl;lhh;. 2. ,jdhy; jpUtpjhq;$h; muR rl;lj;ijj; jsh;j;jp midtUk; Myaj;jpw;Fs; Eioayhk; vd mwptpj;jJ.

,jdhy; nghpahh; “itf;fk; tPuh;” vd miof;fg;gl;lhh;.;.

21. ngUk; Gul;rpapy; <Lgl;l Kf;fpj; jiyth;fs; kw;Wk; Kf;fpa ,lq;fs; 1. ,uz;lhk; ,uz;lhk; gfJhh;\h - nly;yp 2. [hd;rpuhzp ,yl;Rkpgha; - kj;jpa ,e;jpah 3. Ngfk; `];uj; k`hy; - yf;Ndh 4. ehdhrhfpg;> jhe;jpahNjhg; - fhd;g+h; 5. fd;th;rpq; - gPfhh;.

22. ts;syhupd; Nghjidfs;

1. rhjp> rka NtWghLfs; mh;j;jkw;wit. 2. midj;J caph;fsplj;Jk; md;G nrYj;Jjy; ([PtfhUz;ak;) 3. kdpj ,dj;jpw;Fr; nra;Ak; njhz;Nl Nkhl;rj;ij miltjw;fhd top. 4. ViofSf;F czT mspg;gNj rpwe;j topghL. 5. rka rlq;Ffs;> Klg;gof;f tof;fq;fis vjph;g;gJ.

23. Rg;gpukzpa ghujpahupd; ghly;fs;

1. te;Nj khjuk; vd;Nghk; 2. mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy 3. ve;ijAk; jhAk; 4. n[a ghujk;; kd;wk;.

24. cyf mikjp xU mtrpakhdJ

1. cyf ehLfspd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rp cyf mikjp %yk; kl;LNk mila KbAk;. 2. cyf mikjp ,e;jpa nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;F kl;Lkd;wp tsUk; ehLfspd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk;

mtrpakhdjhFk;.

25. ,e;jpahtpYs;s rpy rkaq;fs; 1. ,e;J kjk; 2. Gj;j kjk; 3. rkz kjk; 4. rPf;fpa kjk; 5. n[huh];bhpa kjk; 6. fpwp];Jt kjk; 7. ,];yhkpa kjk; 26. ,e;jpahtpd; tlf;F kiyfspYs;s ,uz;L Kf;fpa Gdpjj; jyq;fs;

1. mkh;ehj; 2. Nfjhh;ehj; 3. gj;hpehj; 4. it~;ztp Njtp Nfhtpy;.

27. ,e;jpa fhyepiyia eph;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfs;

1. ml;rq;fs; 2. cauk; 3. flypypUe;J J}uk; 4. fhw;W. 5. kiyfspd; mikT.

28. ,aw;if tsk; 1. md;whl tho;tpd; Njitfis epiwT nra;a ,aw;ifapypUe;J ngwg;gLk; nghUl;fis ,aw;if

tsq;fs; vd;fpNwhk;. 2. v.fh. #hpad;> fhw;W> ePh;

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29. Njhl;lg; gaph;fs; 1. Njapiy 2. fhg;gp 3. ,ug;gh; 4. goq;fs; 5. fha;fwpfs;.

30. rzy; nghUs;fs; 1. rzy; igfs; 2. $lhuj;Jzp 3. rpg;gg;igfs; 4. tiyg;igfs; 5. Nfhzpg;igfs; 6. nfl;bahd Jzpfs;.

31. kpd;dZtpay; fopT

1. njhiyf;fhl;rp ngl;bfs;> ifNgrp> fzpdp> Fsph;rhjdg;ngl;b> mr;R ,ae;jpuq;fs; Nghd;wit kpd;dpay; fopTg; nghUl;fshFk;.

2. ,e;jpahtpy; Mz;LNjhWk; 3>80>000 ld;fs; kpd;dpay; fopthf cUthfpwJ. 3. ,it Rw;Wr;#oiy khrilar; nra;fpwJ.

32. Foha; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; ed;ikfs;

1. fuLKulhd jiug;gFjpapYk;> ePUf;fbapYk; mikf;f ,aYk;. 2. ePiu efuq;fSf;F nfhz;L nry;y gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. 3. jq;F jilaw;w Nghf;Ftuj;ij cWjp nra;Ak;. 4. ,af;Ftjw;F Fiwe;j msNt vhpnghUs; Njitg;gLk;. 5. guhkhpg;gjw;Fk;> ,af;Ftjw;Fk; nryT FiwT.

33. njhiy Ez;Zzu;T

1. Gtpapd; ve;j xU nghUisAk; Neubahfj; njhlh;G nfhs;shky; Gtpapd; tptuq;fis njhiytpypUe;J Nrfhpg;gjhFk;.

2. njhiy – J}uk; : Ez;Zzh;T – jfty;fisg; ngWjy;

34. jiyaplhf; nfhs;if 1. muR> nghUshjhu nray;ghLfspy; <Lglhky; ,Ug;gJ MFk;. 2. nghUs;fspd; cw;gj;jp> tpepNahfk; kw;Wk; Efh;T Nghd;wtw;wpy; murpd; jiyaPL ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJ.

35. fyg;G nghUshjhuk; 1. muRj;Jiw epWtdq;fSk;> jdpahh; Jiw epWtdq;fSk; ,ize;J nray;gLtNj fyg;G nghUshjhuk;

MFk;. 2. v.fh. ,e;jpah - njhiy njhlh;G Jiw gJ.

NtWghLfs; (VNjDk; 2 kl;Lk;)

36.

37.

fPhpd;tpr; jPh;f;f Neuk; ,e;jpa jpl;l Neuk;

,J 0 jPh;f;f Nuifapd; mbg;gilapy; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ

,J 8230’ fpof;F jPh;f;f Nuifapd; mbg;gilapy; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ

cyfpd; jpl;l Neuj;ij fzf;fpl cjTfpwJ ,e;jpahtpd; jpl;l Neuj;ij fzf;fpl cjTfpwJ.

,jd; ikak; yz;ld; ,jd; ikak; myfhghj; yz;ldpd; cs;s fphPd;tpr; topahfr; nry;fpwJ

,e;jpahtpd; myfhghj; topahf nry;fpwJ

GJg;gpf;f $ba tsq;fs; GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsq;fs; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; GJg;gpf;f $baJ gad;ghl;bw;F gpd; kPz;Lk; GJg;gpf;f ,ayhJ c-k; #hpa xsp> fhw;W> ePh; c-k; epyf;fhp> fr;rh vz;nza; ,it njhlh;e;J ,aw;ifahf fpilf;ff; $baJ

,it njhlh;e;J fpilf;fhJ.

khRf;fis Vw;gLj;jhJ khRf;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;

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38.

39.

40.

41.

42.

43.

jd;dpiwT Ntshz;ik tzpf Ntshz;ik FLk;g Njitf;fhf czTg; gaph;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;tjhFk;

tzpf Njitf;fhf czTg; gaph;fs; cw;gj;jp nra;tjhFk;

Fiwe;j msT cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ mjpf mstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ v.fh. ney;> NfhJik v.fh. fUk;G> Njapiy> gUj;jp> jhdpaq;fs; cs;ehl;L re;ijiag; G+h;j;jp nra;fpwJ me;jpa nrythzpia <l;bj; jUfpwJ ,it czTg; gaph;fs; ,it Ntshz;ikg; gaph;fs;

,Uk;G v/F njhopw;rhiy nkd; nghUs; njhopw;rhiy

,J fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopyfk; MFk;. ,J fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopyfk; my;y ek; ehl;by; Nrhlh ehfGhp tl;lhuj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

ehl;bd; gy;NtW Kf;fpa efuq;fspy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

njhopyhsh;fspd; ciog;G mjpfk; Njitg;gLfpwJ

,sk; nghwpapy; ty;Yeh;fs; Njitg;gLfpd;whh;fs;

,e;jpahtpy; 11 nghpa> 150 rpwpa ,Uk;G v/F Miyfs; cs;sd

,e;jpahtpy; 500f;F Nkw;gl;l nkd;nghUs; epWtdq;fs; cs;sd

fhw;W khriljy; xyp khriljy; fhw;wpy; fyf;Fk; nghUl;fshy; khrilfpwJ msTf;F mjpfkhf Njitaw;w rg;jj;jpdhy;

xyp khrilfpwJ thfdq;fs; kw;Wk; njhopw;riyfspypUe;J ntspNaWk; Gifahy; Vw;gLfpwJ

,ae;jpuq;fs;> thfdq;fs; Vw;gLj;Jk; rg;jj;jpdhy; Vw;gLfpwJ

kdpjh;fSf;F Rthrf; NfhshW> ,ja Neha;> Eiuapuy; Neha; Vw;gLfpwJ

kdpjh;fSf;F kd mOj;jk;> glglg;G> Nfl;Fk; jpwd; ghjpg;G cUthfpwJ.

cs;ehl;L tzpfk; gd;dhl;L tzpfk; xU ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fk; eilngWk; tzpfk; gy ehLfspilNa eilngWk; tzpfk; rhiy top> kw;Wk; ,uapy; top Nghf;Ftuj;J Kf;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ

fly; top kw;Wk; thd; top Nghf;Ftuj;J Kf;fpa gq;fhw;WfpwJ

me;j ehl;bd; fhfpj ehzak; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

me;epa nrythzp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ

rhiy top ,uapy; top jhh; rhiyapy; gazk; nra;ayhk; ,Ug;Gg; ghijapy; gazk; nra;ayhk; v.fh. NgUe;J> yhhp> fhh; Nghd;wit rhiy topapy; gad;gLj;Jk; thfdq;fs;

v.fh. ,uapy; kl;LNk ,Ug;G ghijapy; nry;Yk;

fpuhk> tl;l> khtl;l> Njrpa rhiyfs; vd gytifg;gLk;

FWfpa kw;Wk; mfd;w topg; ghijfs; vd ,U tifg;gLk;

fpuhkq;fis ,izf;Fk; ngU efuq;fis ,izf;Fk; Fiwthd nghUl;fis vLj;jr; nry;y gad;gLfpwJ

mjpfkhd nghUl;fis vLj;jr; nry;y gad;gLfpwJ

Y} ehh;nt];lh;]; ,J typikahd ntg;gf;fhw;W ,J ,bAld; $ba jyf;fhw;W ,e;jpahtpd; tlf;F kw;Wk; tlNkw;F gFjpfspy; tPRk;.

tlfpof;F ,e;jpag; gFjpfspy; tPRk;

Fiwe;j kio nghopit jUk; mjpf kiog; nghopitj; jUfpwJ Nfhil fhyj;jpy; gfy; Neuj;jpy; tPRk; ,bAld; kio nga;Ak;

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jiyg;G tpdhf;fs;

44. gpshrp kw;Wk; gf;rhu; Nghu; m) rpuh[; cj; njsyh M) nty;ny];yp gpuG ,) thupR ,og;Gf; nfhs;if <) 1858 Mk; Mz;L

45. mlhy;/g; `pl;yh; m) M];jphpah M) Rq;f mjpfhup ,) Njrpa rkjh;kthjpfs; mikg;G (ehrpf; fl;rp) <) nkapd; fhk;g; (vdJ Nghuhl;lk;)

46. ,uhkfpU\;z klk; m. fhsp Nfhtpy; mu;r;rfu; M) Rthkp tpNtfhde;ju;

,) rpfhNfh – 1893 Mk; Mz;L <) Rthkp tpNtfhde;ju;

47. [hypad; thyhghf; gLnfhiy

m) lhf;lh; rj;jpaghy; kw;Wk; lhf;lh; rha;g;GjPd; fpr;Y M) mkph;jru]py; cs;s [hypad; thyhghf; G+q;fhtpy; ,) n[duy; lah; <) iel; Tl; gl;lj;ij Jwe;jhh;

5 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; 48. (m) F.D. &];nty;l; mwptpj;j epthuzk;> Gduikg;G kw;Wk; rPh;jpUj;jq;fs;

1. Gjpa nfhs;if 1. vg;.b. &];nty;l; Gjpa gaDhpik nfhs;ifia nfhz;L te;jhh;. 2. ,J cjtp> kPl;G> rPh;jpUj;jk; vd;w %d;W mk;rq;fisf; nfhz;L ,Ue;jJ.

2. nld;drp gs;sj;jhf;F jpl;lk; 1. njhopw; ngUf;fk; 2. tptrhak; Cf;Ftpj;jy; 3. kz;tsk; 4. td tsk; ghJfhj;jy; 5. kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;jy; 6. fg;gy; Nghf;Ftuj;J 7. nts;sj;jLg;G 8. mizfs; fl;Ljy;

3. $l;lhl;rp mtru epthuz eph;thfk; khepy> cs;shl;rpfSf;F 500 kpy;ypad; lhyh;fs; epjpahf toq;fg;gl;lJ.

4. $l;lhl;rp uprh;t; tq;fp tq;fp epWtdq;fSf;Fk;> njhopw;rhiyfSf;F fld; toq;fpaJ.

5. ghJfhg;G ghpth;j;jidr;rl;lk; gq;Fr; re;;ijapy; <LgLk; epWtdq;fSf;F chpkk; coq;fg;gl;lJ.

6. Njrpa njhopy; kPl;Gr;rl;lk; 1. njhopyhsh;fspd; rk;gs cah;T 2. gzpNeuf; Fiwg;G Nghd;w rPh;jpUj;jq;fs; nfhz;L tug;gl;ld.

7. Ntshz;ik nghUl;fs; rPuikg;Gr; rl;lk; 1. tptrhapfSf;F khdpaq;fs; toq;fg;gl;lJ. 2. tptrhapfs; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; jhdpaj;jpd; msitf; Fiwj;J tpiy cah;Tf;F top tFj;jJ.

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(M) 1857 Gul;rpf;fhd epu;thf kw;Wk; ,uhZtf; fhuzq;fs;

1. eph;thf fhuzq;fs; 1. ghurPf nkhopf;Fg;gjpyhf Mq;fpy nkhopia GFj;jpaJ. 2. mjpfkhd epythp t#ypf;fg;gl;lJ. 3. ,e;jpah;fSf;F cah;gjtp kWf;fg;gl;lJ. 4. ,e;jpa ,isQh;fSf;F Mq;fpy eph;thfj;jpy; Ntiy fpilf;fjJ Vkhw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaJ.

1. ,uhZtf; fhuzq;fs; 1. ,e;jpa rpg;gha;fSf;F Fiwe;j Cjpak; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. 2. rpg;gha;fSf;F gjtp cah;T mspf;fg;gltpy;iy. 3. ,uhZt gzpahsh; rl;lj;jpd; gb ,e;jpah;fs; fly;fle;J gzp Ghpa Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. 4. Nghh; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j nly;yp> myfghj; Nghd;w ,lq;fs; ,e;jpa gil tPuh;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;by;

,Ue;jJ Gul;rp nra;a J}z;LNfhyha; mike;jJ.

(,) ePjpf;fl;rpapd; Njhw;wk; - rhjidfs;

1. ePjpf;fl;rpapd; Njhw;wk; 1. ePjpf;fl;rp gpuhkzh;fspd; Mjpf;fj;jpw;F vjpuhf njhlq;fg;gl;l r%f ,af;fkhFk;.

2. ,f;fl;rp 1916y; v.vk;.ehah; kw;Wk; jpahfuha nrl;bah; MfpNahuhy; nrd;id khfhzj;jpy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ.

2. ePjpf; fl;rpapd; rhjidfs; 1. 1921y; ghh;g;gdh; my;yhjth;fSf;F fy;tp kw;Wk; cs;shl;rp epWtdq;fspy; epakdq;fspy; ,l xJf;fPL toq;fpaJ. 2. 1924y; nghJg; gzp Njh;thzak; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;lJ. 3. 1925 Me;jpuh gy;fiyf;fofKk;> 1929 mz;zhkiy gy;fiyf;fofKk; njhlq;fg;gl;ld. 4. 1926y; ,e;J rka mwepiya rl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;gl;lJ. 5. Njtjhrp Kiw xopf;fg;gl;lJ. 6. njhopyhsh; ey rl;lq;fs; ,aw;wg;gl;ld. 7. ViofSf;F ,ytr tPl;L kid gl;lh toq;Fk; jpl;lk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 8. nrd;idapy; gs;spfspy; ,ytr kjpa czTj; jpl;lk; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 9. MAh;Ntjk;> rpj;j kUj;Jtk; kw;Wk; Adhdp kUj;Jtf; fy;tpf;F Cf;fkspj;jJ.

49. (m) gQ;rrPyk; kw;Wk; mzpNruhf; nfhs;if

gQ;r rPyk; gpujkh; [t`h;yhy; NeU mikjpf;fhf gpd;gw;wpa Ie;J mk;r nfhs;iffs; - gQ;rrPyk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.

1. Xt;nthU ehLk; gpw ehLfspd; xw;Wik kw;Wk; ,iwahz;ikia kjpj;jy; 2. ve;j xU ehLk; gpwehl;il jhf;ff; $lhJ. 3. ve;j xU ehLk; kw;w ehLfspd; cs;tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplf; $lhJ. 4. midj;J ehLfSk; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; gu];gu ey;YwT nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 5. Xt;nthU ehLk; gpw ehLfSld; mikjpahd Kiwapy; ,zq;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

mzpNruhf; nfhs;if 1. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpd; cyfk; mnkhpf;fh> u\;ah jiyikapy; cyf ehLfs; gphpe;J

gdpg;Nghh; eilngw;Wf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. 2. ,e;jpah> ,U ty;yuR ehLfSld; Nruhky; eLepiyik tfpg;gJ> mzpNruhf;nfhs;if. 3. ,t;tpU mzpfSf;fpailapy; fUj;J NtWghLfs; Njhd;wpa rkaj;jpy; ,e;jpah mtw;iwj; jPh;j;J

itj;J cyfpy; mikjpia epiyehl;b tUfpwJ.

(M) Njh;jy; Kiw

Njh;jy; tiffs; 1. Neubj; Njh;jy; 2. kiwKfj; Njh;jy;

1. Neubj; Njh;jy; 1. Fbkf;fs; Neubahf thf;fspj;J jq;fs; gpujpepjpfis Njh;e;njLf;Fk; Kiw Neubj;

Njh;jy; Kiw vdg;gLk;. 2. ,e;jpahtpy; ehlhSkd;wk; kw;Wk; rl;lkd;wj; Njh;jy; Neubj; Njh;jy; %yk;

Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.

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3. ,ilj;Njh;jYk;> ,ilg;gUtj; Njh;jYk; Neubj; Njh;jy; Kiwapy; eilngWfpd;wd. 1. ,ilj; Njh;jy;

xU njhFjpapy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Ntl;ghsh;> kuzkile;jhNyh> gjtpia tpl;L tpyfpdhNyh ,t;tplj;ij epug;g mj;njhFjpapy; kl;Lk; eilngWk; Njh;jy; ,ilj;Njh;jy; vdg;gLk;.

2. ,ilg; gUtj; Njh;jy; ehlhSkd;wNkh> rl;lkd;wNkh gjtp fhyk; KbAk; Kd;Ng fiyf;fg;gl;lhy;>

kPz;Lk; elj;jg;gLk; Njh;jy; ,ilg;gUtj; Njh;jy; vdg;gLk;. 2. kiwKfj; Njh;jy;

1. Fbkf;fs; Neubahf jq;fsJ thf;Ffis mspf;fhky;> jq;fs; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;L cWg;gpdh;fis Njh;e;njLf;Fk; Kiw kiwKfj; Njh;jy; vd;fpNwhk;.

2. ehlhSkd;w Nky;rig cWg;gpdh;fs;> FbauRj; jiyth; kw;Wk; Jiz FbauRj; jiyth; MfpNahh; kiwKfj; Njh;jy; %yk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.

(,) Efu;Nthu; ghJfhf;f jkpof muR eltbf;iffs; 1. Efh;Nthh; fofq;fs;

fy;tp epWtdq;fspy; Efh;Nthh; fofq;fs; mikj;jy; 2. FbapUg;Nghh; rq;fq;fs;

Cuhl;rp gpujp epjpfs; %yk; fpuhkq;fspSk;> efuq;fspy; FbapUg;Nghh; rq;fq;fis cUthf;Fjy; 3. fUj;juq;Ffs;

kfsph; Ra cjtpf; FOf;fs; %yk; fUj;juq;Ffs; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy; 4. khj ,jo;

“jkpo;ehL Efh;Nthh; ftrk;” khj ,jopd; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;. 5. gpur;rhuk;

thdpiy > njhiyf;fhl;rp k;w;Wk; FWk;glq;fs; %yk; nghJkf;fsplk; gpur;rhuk; nra;jy;

50. (m) “,kakiy cUthd tpjk;

1. epyg;gFjp 1. gy kpy;ypad; tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G xNu xU epyg;gFjp ngUq;flyhy; #o;e;jpUe;jd. 2. epyg;gFjp “ghQ;rpah” vd;Wk;> ePh;g;gFjp “ghe;jyhrh” vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lJ.

2. ,U gphpT 1. ,e;j epyg;gFjp ,U gFjpfshf gphpe;jJ. 2. tl gFjp “mq;fhuh” vd;Wk; njd;gFjp “Nfhz;Lthdh” vd;Wk; ngahplg;gl;ld.

3. ePh; gphpT 1. ,e;j ,uz;L epyg;gFjpfisAk; “nlj;jP]; fly;” vd;w ePh;g; gFjp gphpj;jJ. 2. ,f;fly; fpof;F Nkw;fhf gutpapUe;jJ. 4. fly; gFjp

1. mq;fhuh kw;Wk; Nfhz;Lthdh gFjpapypUe;J cUthfp tUk; MWfs;> jhk; nfhz;L te;j gbTfis nlj;jP]; flypy; gba itj;jd.

5. kbg;G kiy 1. ePz;l fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF mq;fhuh> Nfhz;Lthdh vdg;gLk; ,Uepyg;gug;Gfs; vjpnujph; jpirapy; efh;e;jjhy; nlj;jP]; flypy; ,Ue;j gjpT kbf;fg;gl;L ,kakiy vd;w kbg;G kiy Njhd;wpaJ.

(M) mkpy kio – tpisTfs; 1. Ez;zpa capup

mkpy kioapdhy; flypYs;s Ez;zpa capupahd „gpshq;ld;‟ caph; tho KbahJ. 2. fly; tho; caphpdq;fs;

kPd; czthd gpshq;ld; ,y;yhtpl;lhy; fly;tho; capupdq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLk; 3. czT rq;fpyp

czTr; rq;fpyp ghjpf;fg;gLk; 4. gtsg; ghiwfs;

fly; ePupYs;s fhh;gid Rz;zhk;Gf; fl;bfshf khw;wp fhh;gdpd; msit fl;Lg;ghl;bw;Fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; gtsg; ghiwfs; ghjpg;gilfpd;wd.

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5. KUiffs; 10 nry;rpa]; ntg;gj;jpw;F tsUk;; KUiffs; ghjpf;fpd;wd.

6. fhLfs;-ghiytdq;fs; fhLfs; kw;Wk; ghiytdq;fs; mkpy kioahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

7. capupdg; gd;ik capupdg; gd;ik kw;Wk; ,d kiwTfs; ,jdhy; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

8. ,aw;if jhtuk; kz;zpy; mkpy kioahy; rj;J mupf;fg;gl;L> ,aw;if jhtuq;fisg; ghjpf;fpd;wd.

(,) Nguplu; mgha Neu;T Fiwg;gpy; kPl;G epiy 1. kPl;G

kPl;G vd;gJ> xU NghplUf;Fg; gpd;dh; ,oe;jtw;iwj; jpUk;gg; ngw vLf;Fk; jPh;khdq;fSk;> eltbf;iffSk; vLf;Fk; xU fz;Nzhl;lkhFk;.

2. kPl;Gr; nray; kPl;Gr; nray; r%fj;jpd; jd;ikia Kd;Ndw;wkilar; nra;aTk;> Nkw;nfhz;L Vw;gLk; Nghplh;fis> mth;fs; vjph;nfhs;Sk; jpwidg; gyg;gLj;Jk; nray;ghlhFk;.

3. Kf;fpag; gzpfs; 1) kPl;ghdJ gioa rhjhuzr; #o;epiyf;F nfhz;L tUtNjhL kl;Lk; ,y;yhky;

rkepiy ,iltjw;Fk; cWjp mspf;fpwJ. 2) ,e;epiyapy; Gduikg;Gk;> kWfl;likj;jYk; Kf;fpa gzpfshf mikfpd;wd. 3) Nghplh; mghaNeh;T Fiwg;G eltbf;iffspd; tsh;r;rp kw;Wk; eilKiwg;gLj;Jjypy;

kjpg;Gkpf;f tha;g;ig mspg;gjhfTk; mikfpwJ. 4. jPtpuj;ij Fiwg;gJ

r%fr; nray;ghLfs;> gs;spg; Nghplh; Nkyhz;ikf; FO kw;Wk; Nghplh; Nkyhz;ikf; fy;tp Mfpait ,aw;if kw;Wk; kdpjdhy; Vw;gLk; Nghplh;fspd; jPtpuj;ijf; Fiwg;jpy; Kf;fpag; gq;if tfpf;fpd;wd.

5. MjuTk; topfhl;LjYk; jkpof muR> I.eh. tsh;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspd; MjuNthLk;> topfhl;LjypdhYk; mghaNeh;T Fiwg;G epfo;r;rpfis Kidg;Gld; nray;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L tUfpwJ.

6. Kf;fpa Nehf;fk; ,e;epfo;r;rpapd; Kjd;ik Nehf;fkhff; fUjg;gLtJ cs;Sh; kf;fspd; jpwid mjpfkhf;FtJ MFk;.

1) KjYjtp 2) Njly; kw;Wk; fhg;ghw;Wk; jpwik 3) Muk;g Kd;ndr;nrupf;if mikg;G

Nghd;wtw;wpy; gapw;rp mspj;J mgha Neh;tpidf; Fiwj;Jr; nray;gl;L tUfpwJ.

51. (m) ehl;L tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs;;

1. ehl;L tUkhdk; xU ehl;by; xU tUlj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;gpd; msNt ehl;L tUkhdk; vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ.

ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs; ehl;L tUkhdk; %d;W Kiwfspd; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. mit

1. cw;gj;jp Kiw 2. tUkhd Kiw 3. nrytpd; Kiw

1. cw;gj;jp Kiw ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;ig fzf;fpy; itj;Jf; nfhz;L ,k;Kiwapy; ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

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2. tUkhdKiw ehl;bYs;s midj;J kf;fspd; tUkhdj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

3. nrytpd Kiw kf;fspd; EfUk; nghUl;fSf;fhd nryT> KjyPL> Nrkpg;G Mfpa %d;wpd; mbg;gilapy; ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpy; nghJthf cw;gj;jp Kiw kw;Wk; tUkhd Kiwapy; ehl;L tUkhdk; fzf;fplg;gLfpwJ.

(M) gjpNdhuhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs;

gjpNdhuhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; (2007-2012) Nehf;fk;

1. Ntshz; Muha;r;rpia Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy; 2. Ntiy tha;g;Gfis tphpthf;Fjy;. 3. tWikia xopj;jy; 4. fpuhkGw fl;likg;G trjpfis ngUf;Fjy;. 5. kpd;rhuk;> cuq;fSf;fhfd khdpaj;ij Fiwj;jy;. 6. njhlf;ff; fy;tpapy; ,ilepw;wiy Fiwj;jy;. 7. Rw;Wr;#oy; ghJfhg;ig cWjpnra;jy;. 8. ePh;ghrdk;> fpuhk kpd;kakhjy;> fpuhk rhiyfs; Nkk;gLj;j muR KjyPl;il mjpfhpj;jy;

(,) jkpo;ehl;bd; kpd; rf;jp jpl;lq;fs;

1. mdy;kpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp 1. vz;Z}h; 2. J}j;Jf;Fb 3. nea;Ntyp 4. Nkl;^h; Mfpa ,lq;fspy; epyf;fhpiaf; nfhz;L mdy; kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

2. ePh; kpd; epiyaq;fs; 1. Nkl;^h; 2. Fe;jh 3. nghpahh; miz 4. NfhijahW miz 5. igf;fhuh 6. rpq;fhuh 7. khahhpy; ePh; kpd; epiyaq;fs; mike;Js;sd.

3. mZkpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp 1. fy;ghf;fk; 2. $lq;Fsj;jpy; mZtpypUe;J kpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

4. fhw;W kpd; rf;jp 1. Nfhak;Gj;J}h; 2. fd;dpahFkhp 3. J}j;Jf;Fb 4. jpUney;Ntyp 5. ,uhkehjGuk; Nghd;w khtl;lq;fspy; fhw;wpypUe;J kpd; rf;jp cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

5. capup nghUl;fs; vhprf;jp 1. jUkGhp 2. ehkf;fy; khtl;lq;fspy; Ntshz; fopTg; nghUl;fspypUe;J kuG rhuh kpd; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

52. fhyf;NfhL 1920 – 1950 (VNjDk; 5 kl;Lk;)

1920 – fpyhgj; ,af;fk;> xj;Jioahik ,af;fk;

1922 – nrshp nrsuh ,af;fk;

1923 – Rauh[;[paf; fl;rp mikj;jy;

1925 – Rauh[;[paf; fl;rp tYtpoj;jy;

1927 – irkd; FO mikj;jy;

1928 – irkd; FO tUif

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1930 – jz;b ahj;jpiu cld;gbf;if> Kjy; tl;lNkir khehL

1931 - ,uz;lhk; tl;lNkir khehL

1932 - %d;whk; tl;lNkir khehL

1935 - ,e;jpa muR rl;lk;

1939 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghhpd; njhlf;fk;

1940 - Mf];L ed;nfhil

1942 – nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk;

1945 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg;Nghh; KbT

1946 - ,ilf;fhy muR mikg;G

1947 - ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; miljy;

1950 - ,e;jpah FbauR MFjy

53. m. Mrpa tiuglk; M. . Mrpah tiuglk;

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M. ,e;jpa tiuglk;

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54. Gtpapay; - ,e;jpah tiuglk;

Ng. rPdpthrd; gl;ljhup Mrpupau; (tuyhW) muR cau;epiyg; gs;sp fq;fNyup – 635 122 fpU\;zfpup khtl;lk; miyNgrp : 99943 94610

kpd; mQ;ry; : srinivasanb2401@gmail.com

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