Fidas 1 - Besaran Dan Satuan

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Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement

T H E M E O N E : M E A S U R E M E N T

C h a p t e r 1

Chapter

1

Physical Quantities, Units andMeasurement

In the quest to understand nature, scientistsuse physical quantities to describe the

world around us.


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C h a p t e r 1

Learning outcomes

Physical quantities

Units

Units conversion

Scientific notation Order of magnitude

imensions

Significant num!ers


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C h a p t e r 1

1.1 Physical uantities

" physical quantity is one that can !e measured

and consists of a magnitude and unit#

S! unitsare

common

to"ay

Measuring length

$%&m'h

(#) m

Vehicles

NotExceeding

1500 kg In

Unladen

Weight


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C h a p t e r 1

"re classified into t*o types+

ase quantities erived quantities

1.1 Physical uantities

#ase $uantity

fundamental physical

quantities upon *hich

other physical

quantities, cannot !e

defined in terms of

other physical

quantities#

%eri&e" $uantity

physical quantities *hichare derived from the !ase

quantities !y

multiplication or division

or !oth


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C h a p t e r 1

1.' UnitsTo measure a physical quantity a standard si!e o" thatquantity is required# This standard si!e is kno$n as the

unit "or that particular physical quantity#

Units

system

%&'

()'

%etricsystem

Non*%etric

system

+ritish

system


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C h a p t e r 1

1.' Units

S! Units. /nternational System of Units

ase Quantities 0ame of Unit Sym!ol of Unit

length metre mmass &ilogram &g

time second s

electric current ampere "

temperature &elvin amount of su!stance mole mol

luminous intensity candela cd


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C h a p t e r 1

%eri&e"

uantity

Relation (ith #ase an"

%eri&e" uantities Unit

S)ecial

Name

area length 2 *idth

volume length 2 *idth 2height

density mass volume

speed distance time

acceleration change in velocity

time

force mass 2 acceleration ne*ton304

pressure force area pascal3Pa4

*or& force 2 distance 5oule 364

po*er *or& time *att 374

1.' Units


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C h a p t e r 1

1.' Units

89ample of derived quantity+ area

efining equation+ area : length 2 *idth

/n terms of units+ Units of area : m 2 m : m;

efining equation+ volume : length 2 *idth 2 height

/n terms of units+ Units of volume : m 2 m 2 m : m;

efining equation+ density : mass < volume/n terms of units+ Units of density : &g ' m=: &g m>=


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C h a p t e r 1

1.* Unit +on&ersion

Conversion of units is the conversion !et*eendifferent units of measurement for the same

quantity, typically through multiplicative

conversion factors#


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C h a p t e r 11., Scienti-ic Notation

% x 10n

, % is the coe""icient 1-%-10

, 10 is the .ase

, n is the exponent or po$er o" 10


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C h a p t e r 11. Or"er o- Magnitu"e

?he order of magnitude is the appro9imation ofthe value in po*er of 1%

Prefi9 "!!reviation Po*er

nano n 1%>@

micro 1%>A

milli m 1%>=

centi c 1%>;

deci d 1%>1

&ilo & 1%=

mega M 1%A

giga B 1%@

?he diameter of this atom

is a!out 1 2 1%>1%m#


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C h a p t e r 1


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C h a p t e r 1Units and dimensions (SB p. 9)

1./ %imensions

Dimension/ relationship .et$een physical quantityand .asic quantities


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C h a p t e r 11. Tentukan dimensi dan satuannya dalam SI untuk besaran turunan berikut :

a. Gaya

b. Berat Jenisc. Tekanan

d. Usaha

e. Daya

Jawab :

b. Berat Jenis = = =

= !T"#$!"%&

= !"#T"#satuan k'm"#s"#

berat

(olume

Gaya

)olume

!T "#

!%a. Gaya = massa * +erce+atan

= * !T "#

= !T "# satuan k'ms"#

c. Tekanan = = = !"1T "# satuan k'm"1s"# 'aya

luas

!T "#

!#

d. Usaha = 'aya * ,arak = !T "# * ! = ! #T "# satuan k'm#s"#

e. Daya = = = ! #T "%satuan k'm"#s"% usaha

waktu

! #T "#

T

-ontoh Soal-ontoh Soal

1#1


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C h a p t e r 1#. Buktikan besaran"besaran berikut adalah identik :

a. ner'i /otensial dan ner'i 0inetik

b. Usahaner'i dan 0alor

Jawab :

a. ner'i /otensial : + = m'h

ner'i +otensial = massa * 'ra(itasi * tin''i

= * !T"#* ! = !#T"#

ner'i 0inetik : k = 2 m(#ner'i 0inetik = 2 * massa * kece+atan#

= * $!T"1

= !#T"#

0eduanya $+ dan k& mem+unyai dimensi yan' sama keduanya identik

b. Usaha = !#T"#

ner'i = !#T"#

0alor = 3.#4 * ener'i = !#T"#

0eti'anya memiliki dimensi yan' sama identik

1#1


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C h a p t e r 1

, Jumlah an'kadi'it yan' diketahui dan da+at di+astikan $selain an'ka nol yan'di+akai untuk meneta+kan koma& disebut 5n'ka Si'ni6ikan $5n'ka /entin'&.

, 5turan an'ka si'ni6ikan :

1. Semua an'ka bukan nol meru+akan an'ka si'ni6ikan.

#. 5n'ka"an'ka nol yan' terletak diantara an'ka bukan nol meru+akan an'ka

si'ni6ikan. -ontoh : 1#37 memiliki em+at an'ka si'ni6ikan. #8339 memiliki lima

an'ka si'ni6ikan.

%. Semua an'ka nol yan' di'unakan hanya untuk tem+at titik desimal bukan

meru+akan an'ka +entin'. -ontoh : 3833#4 memiliki dua an'ka +entin'8 yakni #

dan 4

4. Semua an'ka nol yan' terletak +ada deretan terakhir dari an'ka"an'ka yan'

ditulis di belakan' koma desimal meru+akan an'ka +entin'. Contoh 1:

3833%#33 memiliki em+at an'ka +entin'8 yaitu %8 # dan dua an'ka nol setelahan'ka %#. Contoh 2: 3833;33 memiliki em+at an'ka +entin' yakni ;83883.

Contoh 3: #383 memiliki dua an'ka +entin' yakni #

;. Semua an'ka sebelum orde $+ada notasi ilmiah& termasuk an'ka +entin'.

-ontoh : %8# * 13;memiliki dua an'ka +entin'8 yakni % dan #. 48;3 * 13%memiliki

ti'a an'ka +entin'8 yakni 48 ; dan 3

1.0 Signi-icant Numers

1


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C h a p t e r 1

1# " )hysical $uantityis a quantity that can !e

measured and consists of a numerical magnitude

and a unit#

;# ?he physical quantities can !e classified into

ase $uantitiesand "eri&e" $uantities#

=# ?here are seven !ase quantities+ length, mass,

time, current, temperature, amount of su!stance

and luminous intensity#

(# Prefi9es are used to denote very !ig or very smallnum!ers#

)# imension . relationship !et*een physical

quantity and !asic quantities

Fidas 1 - Besaran Dan Satuan

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