FARMAKOLOGI SOSIAL PENGANTAR FARMAKOLOGI 2013

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opyright © 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Farmakologi Sosial Farmakologi Sosial NI PUTU EKA LELIQIA, S.FARM., M.SI., APT.

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FARMAKOLOGI SOSIAL PENGANTAR FARMAKOLOGI 2013

Transcript of FARMAKOLOGI SOSIAL PENGANTAR FARMAKOLOGI 2013

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Copyright © 2002, 1998, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Farmakologi SosialFarmakologi Sosial

NI PUTU EKA LELIQIA, S.FARM., M.SI., APT.

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PHARMACOLOGYPHARMACOLOGY

The science that essentially deals with the origin, nature, chemistry, effects, and uses

of DRUGS

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DRUGSDRUGSchemical compound of synteticc, semisintetic,

natural or biological origin which INTERACTS with human or animal cells. The interaction may be quatified, where by these resulting action are

intended to prevent, to cure, to reduce ill effects in the human or animal body or to detect desease

causing manifestations

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Pharmacologic Principles

DRUG PHARMACOLOGY

PharmaceuticsPharmacokinetics

PharmacodynamicsPharmacotherapeutics

Pharmacognosy

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PharmaceuticsThe study of how various drug forms

influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic activities

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Pharmacokinetics• The study of what

the body does to the drug:

– Absorption

– Distribution

– Metabolism

– Excretion

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Pharmacodynamics

The study of what the drug does to the body

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Pharmacotherapeutics

The use of drugs and the clinical indications for drugs to prevent and treat diseases

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Pharmacognosy

The study of natural (plant and animal) drug sources

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Absorption

Penyerapan/ masuknya obat dari tempat pemberian ke jaringan target, meliputi transformasinya dari bentuk

saat diberikan (a dosage form) menjadi bentuk yang dapat

digunakan scr biologi (a biologically usable form)”

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Factors That Affect Absorption

• Administration route of the drug

• Food or fluids administered with the drug

• Dosage formulation

• Status of the absorptive surface

• Rate of blood flow to the small intestine

• Acidity of the stomach

• Status of GI motility

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Administration route of the drug

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Dosage formulation

• Oral Preparations

– Liquids, syrups

– Suspension solutions

– Powders

– Capsules

– Tablets

– Coated tablets

– Enteric-coated tablets

FastestFastest

SlowestSlowest

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Distribution

The transport of a drug in the body by the bloodstream to its site of action.

• Protein-bindingProtein-binding

• Water soluble vs. fat solubleWater soluble vs. fat soluble

• Blood-brain barrierBlood-brain barrier

• Areas of rapid distribution: heart, liver, Areas of rapid distribution: heart, liver, kidneys, brainkidneys, brain

• Areas of slow distribution: muscle, skin, fatAreas of slow distribution: muscle, skin, fat

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Metabolism / Biotransformation

The biologic The biologic transformation of a transformation of a drug into drug into an inactive an inactive metabolite, a more metabolite, a more soluble compound, soluble compound, or a more potent or a more potent metabolite.metabolite.

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Excretion

The elimination of drugs from the body

• Kidneys (main organ) Kidneys (main organ)

• Biliary excretionBiliary excretion

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Pharmacodynamics

• Drug-Receptor Interactions

– Binding

• Dose-Response

– Effect

• Signal Transduction

– Mechanism of action, Pathways

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Receptor interaction

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Signal Transduction

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Pharmacodynamics

Onset• The time it takes for the drug to elicit a

therapeutic response

Peak• The time it takes for a drug to reach its

maximum therapeutic response

Duration• The time a drug concentration is sufficient to

elicit a therapeutic response

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