Oleh :Analizza Ina Lea, S.Kep

Faringitis

Definisi Faring adalah suatu kantong fibromuskuler yang bentuknya seperti corong, yang besar di bagian atas dan sempit dibagian bawah.

Faringitis adalah infeksi (Virus atau Bakteri) dan inflamasi pada faring.

Etiologi

Faringitis bisa disebabkan oleh virus maupun bakteri.

a. Virus, termasuk virus penyebab common cold, flu, adenovirus, mononucleosis atau HIV. 

b. Bakteri yang menyebabkan faritingitis seperti streptokokus grup A, korinebakterium, arkanobakterium, neisseria gonorrhoeae atau Chlamydia pneumoniae.

- Faktor resiko faringitis : cuaca dingin dan musim flu, kontak dengan pasien penderita faringitis, merokok, infeksi sinus berulang, alegri.

Manifestasi Klinisa. Manifestasi Faringitis virus umumnya ringin :1) Gejala- gejala mencakup sakit tenggorokan, 2) Demam 3) Malaise umum4) Adanya eritema pada faring dan arkus

palatum5) Adenopati regionalb. Manifestasi Faringitis bakteri :6) Gejala seperti sakit tenggorokan yang parah7) Demam tinggi, Letargi.8) Faring berwarna merah9) Tonsi palatum membesar dan terdapat tanda

eritema dan mungkin memiliki eksudat berwarna putih dan peteki

Pemeriksaan penunjang Rapid Antigen TestThroat culture (Culture swab tenggorokan)Mono spot is up to 95% sensitive in children

(less than 60% sensitivity in infants).Peripheral smear may show atypical

lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis.[5]

Perform gonococcal culture as indicated by history.

A complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein have a low predictive value and usually are not indicated

Penatalaksanaan Prehospital care usually is not necessary for uncomplicated

pharyngitis unless airway compromise is an issue.Intubation should not be attempted unless the patient stops

breathing spontaneously.Medication

GAS pharyngitis is usually a self-limited disease, and most signs and symptoms resolve spontaneously in 3-4 days. If administered early, antibiotics can shorten the duration of the illness by up to 1 day, but the main reason they are given is for prevention of acute rheumatic fever.[20] This rationale is being questioned by many as the incidence of acute rheumatic fever in the United States is extremely low. In addition, pain medications such as NSAIDs or acetaminophen and steroids can alleviate the symptoms associated with GAS pharyngitis.[21] Antibiotics do not prevent acute glomerulonephritis. Steroids may be used for airway compromise and symptomatic relief.[22] Antifungals and antivirals are used in certain rare cases with specialist consultation.

Komplikasi

Demam ReumathikDemam ScarletGlomerulonefritis (merupakan

respon inflamasi terhadap protein M spesifik)

Abses peritonsilarshok

Konsep Asuhan KeperawatanPengkajianIdentitas Keluhan UtamaRiwayat Penyakit SekarangRiwayat Penyakit DahuluRiwatay penyakit keluargaPengkajian Psikososio SpiritualADL (Activity Daily Life) 2. Pemeriksaan Fisik3. Diagnosa Keperawatan dan Intervensi