EvitaLegowo Biomass Indonesia

8/13/2019 EvitaLegowo Biomass Indonesia

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Tokyo, January 2005Tokyo, January 2005

by

Dr.-Ing. Evita H. Legowo

LEMIGAS

Research and Development Centre for Oil and Gas Technology

Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Energy has a significant role in a sustainable nationaldevelopmentIndonesia has a large potentiality of renewableenergy

Biomass energy is one of the important renewableenergy source

Research and development in the field of biomassconversion into energy are aimed at improving the

national capacity in mastering science andtechnology in the context of industrial developmentrelated to renewable energy, with the goal, input fromrenewable energy for national energy demand is 5%in the year of 2020.


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1. Fossil Energy reserves is limited, while renewable energy potential isrelatively abundant

2. Growth of Final Energy Consumption is relatively high

Growth rate (1970-2002) = 8%/year

National Energy Consumption Pattern:

In 1970 the largest energy consumption is residential sector Since 1984 the largest energy consumption is industrial sector

Since 1996 the largest energy consumption is transportation

Since 2001 the largest energy consumption is industrial sector

3. Primary Energy Supply is Dominated by Oil

Growth rate (1970-2002) = + 10 %/year

4. High Energy Intensity Indonesia: 470 toe/million US$ (price 1995)

POLICY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF

RENEWABLE ENERGY

PRESENT ENERGY CONDITIONPRESENT ENERGY CONDITION

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High dependency on fossil energy, while itsHigh dependency on fossil energy, while itsproven reserves is limitedproven reserves is limited

Renewable energy potential (biomass, hydro,Renewable energy potential (biomass, hydro,geothermal, solar, wind, etc.) is relativelygeothermal, solar, wind, etc.) is relatively

abundant, however its utilization is still farabundant, however its utilization is still farbelow it potential, due to:below it potential, due to:

High investment costHigh investment cost

Uncompetitive priceUncompetitive price

Lack of energy industry and servicesLack of energy industry and services

capabilitiescapabilities

CRITICAL ISSUESCRITICAL ISSUES ..(1)..(1)

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PeoplePeoples capability to pay is still lows capability to pay is still low

High energy intensityHigh energy intensity

Limited of energy infrastructureLimited of energy infrastructure

The role of private in renewable energyThe role of private in renewable energy

business is limitedbusiness is limited Environmental impact of energy utilizationEnvironmental impact of energy utilization

CRITICAL ISSUESCRITICAL ISSUES ..(2)..(2)

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CHALLENGES

How to increase the energy infrastructureHow to increase the energy infrastructure

How to decrease the dependency on oil byHow to decrease the dependency on oil by

encouragingencouraging the use of renewable energythe use of renewable energy How to provide conducive climate in energyHow to provide conducive climate in energy

industryindustry

How to decrease the energy intensityHow to decrease the energy intensity

How to increase the use of energy forHow to increase the use of energy for

productive activitiesproductive activities

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1.Unbalanced of

Energy utilization2.Inefficient and

high growth ofenergyconsumption

3.Energy source is

used also as rawmaterials forindustry

4.Energy sourcesas main source offoreign exchange

5.Energy price isnot reflected itseconomic price

6.Energy utilizationis closely related

to environmentalimpacts

NATIONAL ENERGY POLICYNATIONAL ENERGY POLICY

Energy

eserve is

Limited

RESERVESRESERVES UTILIZATIONUTILIZATION MANDATEMANDATE MISSIONMISSION

1.Energyintensification

2.Energydiversification

3.Energyconservation

1.Guaranteeing

domestic energysupply

2.Increasing addedvalue of energy

3.Managing energyethically andsustainable way,includepreservation ofenvironmentfunction

4.Providing energyequally throughout the country

5.Developing localcapability

Guaranteeing

the sustainable

energy supply

to support

national

development

1.RestructuringEnergy Sector- Law No.22/2001- Law No.20/2002- Law No.27/2003- Draft Law EnergyUtilization

- Draft Law GeneralMining

2.Market Mechanism(with considering

poor people)3.ImplementingRegionalAutonomy inEnergy Sector

4.Developing EnergyInfrastructure

5.Increasing EnergyEfficiency (DSM &SSM)

6.Increasing EnergyRole of NationalEnergy Industry

7.Increasing Energy

SupportingIndustry8.Empowering

People in EnergyDevelopment

VISIONVISIONSTRATEGICSTRATEGIC

PLANPLAN


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PARADIGM SHIFT:

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION

Act of No. 22/1999

On LocalGovernment

Bill on Energy Utilization *)

GovernmentRegulation

General Energy Policy

1998

Sustainable Energy Supply and Utilization(Green Energy Initiative2020)

Master Planon National

EnergyConservation

(RIKEN)1995

Master Planon New and

RenewableEnergy

Utilization(RIPEBAT)

1997

Legislation/RegulationConcept/Policy

*) in preparation (initiative DPR)

Act No. 23/1997 on

Environ-mental

Bill on

NaturalResources

Inputs fromthe Society


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This concept is an integration of:

Maximum utilization of renewable energy (RE)

Efficient utilization of energy (renewable energy and fossil fuels)

Clean, high performances fossil fuel power plant, and

Public awareness of all aspect of energy efficiency (EE)

Component of The Sustainable energy supply and utilizationSustainable energy supply and utilization System :

Suppliers of RE base energyConsumer/energy userSupporting businesses:

energy supporting serviceenergy supporting industry

OVERVIEW OF GREEN ENERGYOVERVIEW OF GREEN ENERGY

INITIATIVEINITIATIVE


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PUBLIC AWARENESS IN ENERGY EFICIENCYTECHNOLOGY/EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT

CONSUMERSENERGY PRODUCERS

ENERGY UTILIZATION

ENERGY SOURCES

RENEWABLE

SOLARCOLLECTOR

FOTOVOLTAIK

MODUL

OTEC

FUEL CELL

GENERATOR

TURBINE

HYDRO

WIND

STEAM

GAS

STEAM

COMBUSTION

MOTOR

SEKTORAL

HOUSEHOLD

INDUSTRY

TRANSPORT

COMMERSIAL

BUILDING &

CONSTRUCTION

REGIONAL

REGIONAL GOV

SOLAR ENERGY

OCEAN ENERGY

GEOTHERMAL

HYDRO POWER

WIND ENERGY

BIOMASS

CLEAN

TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRICITY

GAS AND

LIQUID

FUEL

OIL, COAL & GAS

FOSSIL (NON RENEWABLE)

CHEMICAL

CONVERTION

FLOW OF THOUGHT:FLOW OF THOUGHT:USTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION (USTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION (GREEN ENERGY INITIATIVEGREEN ENERGY INITIATIVE

Calor

Mechanic

Lighting

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VISION AND MISSION OF GREEN ENERGYVISION AND MISSION OF GREEN ENERGY

INITIATIVEINITIATIVEVision :

Clean, reliable, affordable, and secure energy supply and useprovided through transparent and participatory processes toa more informed consumer

Mission :1. Maintaining the sustainable security of Supply

2. Maximizing the utilization of renewable energy

3. Encouraging the utilization of clean and efficient

technology4. Encouraging the creation of energy economizing culture

5. Improving the mastery of green energy technology that

is reliable, safe, environmentally friendly, and efficient6. Realizing the even distribution of the societys welfare


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POLICY OF GREEN ENERGYPOLICY OF GREEN ENERGY

INITIATIVEINITIATIVE

Focus of Policies:

Investment policyIncentive Policy

Energy Price Policy

Standardization and certification

Policy on Improvement of Human ResourcesInformation System Policy

Research and Development Policy Prioritizing R&D issues

related to: Renewable energy technology Efficient energy technology Clean energy technology

Use of local contentInstitutional Policy

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THE STRATEGY OF GREEN ENERGYTHE STRATEGY OF GREEN ENERGYINITIATIVEINITIATIVE

Determining energy price in accordance with the economic aspect

Encouraging the development of green energy infrastructure

Prioritizing the use of local renewable energy

Applying energy saving principles in energy managementApplying clean energy technology

Applying energy energy saving lifestyle

Improving the role of stakeholders in the utilization of green energyImproving cooperation at the national, regional, and international levels

especially in the context of information access, financing, and transfer

of technology

Encouraging the use of domestic services and goods in the field of

green energy

Improving the quality of human resources in the field of green energy

Improving green energy supporting activities in the countryImproving the societys to energy

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GREEN ENERGY PLANGREEN ENERGY PLANSHORT TERM:SHORT TERM:

Review existing regulationsIntroduce efficient generation: co-generation, performances improvementEncourage and financially support R & D in RE and EEInvolve all stakeholders in RE and EE policy and regulation developmentPrepare Bill on Energy Utilization which covers:

energy resources management renewable energy utilization renewable energy supply renewable energy business

efficient energy use:- energy efficient technology (supply and demand side)- public awareness of the benefit of energy saving

stimulation for players: incentive and , investment facilities standards, energy pricing, and environmental protection

supervision

LONG TERM:LONG TERM:

Enforcement of Renewable Obligation for Electric Utilities

Enforcement of Commitment for Energy Efficiency supply and demand side)Introduce Levy on Greenhouse Gases (GHGs)Institute and enforce national fuel quality standards for mobile and stationarysources


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Energy

Research

Agencies

Directorate

General of

Electricity

and Energy

Utilization

Secretariat

General

The IndonesianRenewable

Energy Society

(METI)

GREEN ENERGY NETWORKSGREEN ENERGY NETWORKS(SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION)(SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION)

The Society onEnergy

Efficiency

(FK-MHE)

Renewable energy

Organizations and

Foundations

Energy Efficiency

Organizations and

Foundations

The Indonesian Energy Society

(MEI)

Green Energy Society

Ministry ofEnergy and

MineralResources

Directorate

General of

Geology and

Mineral

Resources *)

*) The Regulator for Up-Stream Geothermal

Inspectorate

General

Green Utility

Partners

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STATUS AND PLANNING OFSTATUS AND PLANNING OF

BIOMASS DEVELOPMENTBIOMASS DEVELOPMENT

Renewable Energy Potential inIndonesia

Road Map of BiomassDevelopment

Institutions involve

Progress of Research andDevelopment


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8 MW4.8

kWh/m2/day

Solar Energy

445 MW49.81 GWBiomass

4200 MW75.67 GWHydro Power

807 MW27 GWGeothermal84 MW500 MWMini/Micro hydro

0.6 MW3-6 m/secWin Energy

Installed CapacityPotential

RENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIALRENEWABLE ENERGY POTENTIAL

IN INDONESIAIN INDONESIA

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BARRIERS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY

DEVELOPMENT

High Investment Cost

Lack of Incentive and Funding

Mechanism

Lack of Supporting Policies

Lack of Knowledge, Awareness

Lack of Domestic Industrys Capability

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EFFORTS TO BE TAKEN TO REMOVE

RENEWABLE ENERGY BARRIERS

To Increase the Utilization of RenewableEnergy, Some Actions Should be enhanced:

Formulating Investment and Funding Policy

Formulating Incentives Policy Implementing Standardization, Accreditation and

Certification

Increasing Research and Development Activities


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Research InstituteUniversities, NGO,

Local Government,Minstry of Energyand MineralResources, PrivateCompanies/StateOwned Enterprise

Utilization ofbiogas

consistently inaccordance withthe energyplanning

Developingsources of

produces andtypes of biogasenergy

Result of areasmapping, sources

and types ofbiogas energy

Biogas forhousehold sectors

2

Research InstituteUniversities, LocalGovernment,Ministry of Energyand Mineral

Resources, PrivateCompanies/StateOwned Enterprise

Utilization ofwastes energyconsistently withthe amount of810 MWe

Utilization ofwastes energyconsistently withthe amount of 620MWe

Result of areasmapping, sourcesand types ofbiomass wastesenergy

Biomass-wastesfor electricitysectors

1

o.202020102005

ExecutorInstitute

Achievement TargetTitleFields/Activities

DRAFT

ROADMAP OF BIOMASS ENERGY

ou rce: Ministry of Research and Technolog y


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DRAFT


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Research Institute,Ministry of Energy anMineral Resources,Universities. Local GoPrivate Companies/StOwned, FBI, Min. of

Agriculture, Min. ofForestry

Masteringproductiontechnology,100%domestic made

Developing plantwith the capacityof 1.5 million tonper year, acommercial scale.

Results of technoeconomyassessment, demoplant with thecapacity of 5 tonper day &

developingvarious superiorplants

Biodiesel fortransportationsectors

3

Research Institute,Ministry of Energy &

Mineral Resources,Universities, LocalGovernment, PrivateCompanies/StateOwned Enterprises,NGO.

Developingstorage

technology andgascompression

Developingintegrated

automationsystem with itssource of energy

Technologicalsocialization and

its maintenancesystem feasibilitystudy, techno-economyintegrated wastesprocessing.

Biogas forhousehold sectors

for electricity

2

Research Institute,Ministry of Energy &Mineral Resources,Universities, LocalGovernment Private

Companies/StateOwned Enterprises.

Masteringproductiontechnology100%domestic made.

Developingtechnology of asmall scalegenerator (1-10MWe) for various

types of energy

Developing studyof varioustechnologies inaccordance withthe conditional

areas, sourcesand types ofenergy

Biomass-wastesfor electricitysectors

1

o

202020102005

ExecutorInstitutes

R&D Achievement TargetTitleFields/Activities

ROADMAP OF BIOMASS R&D


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INSTITUTIONS INVOLVE IN BIOMASS

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

Government Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources

Ministry of Agriculture

Ministry of Forestry

Universities

Research Institutions


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Research and Development Center for Oil and Gas Technology

LEMIGAS

LEMIGAS started to develop biomass with Biogas in year 1981-1982 and 2001

1981-1982:

The Objective:

To replace kerosene as fuel and assist the cleanliness ofcountrys environment.Results of the Research:

It easily carried out, simple technology and inexpensivecost.

In application, there was a social problem.It cannot be produced in a large scale. 2001 (in cooperation with State Owned Gas Company

[PGN])The Objective:

Fuel production in a pilot scale.Results of Research:

Good qualities

PROGRESS OF RESEARCH AND

DEVELOPMENT (c o n t . )



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Biofuel (Ethanol Fuel in cooperation with BPPT (The Agencyfor the Asessment and Application Technology) 1982.

The Objective of Research:To obtain basic data and information as much as possibleconcerning the problem caused in using ethanol as fuel of thevehicles.

The Results of Research:Using 100% mixture of ethanol

Fuel consumption was more wasteful compared to gasoline.

There was no knock though in a heavy burden

Drive ability: Engine combustion was longer compared with thgasoline vehicle.

Corrosion was higher, especially occured in carburator andcylinder wall, particularly when the engine was standstill for along time.

Research and Development Center for Oil and Gas TechnologyLEMIGAS




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Biofuel (Methanol in Cooperation with Pertamina) 1989 The Objective of Research:

To reduce leaded contents and the use of gasoline for reducinthe level of air pollution.

The Results of Research:The use of gasoline mixture with 5% to 9% methanol isreasonable, with the existing fuel distribution system.

Some material parts of engine such as metal, rubbers andplastics of conventional vehicles were sensitive to the fuelmixture.

Fuel mixture was more poisonous

The consumption of fuel is relatively more wasteful

Corrosion was higher






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Biodiesel (in cooperation with Pertamina 1996)

Mixing of ester palm oil with Diesel fuel (30:70)

The Objective of Research:

To support a national policy in conservation anddiversification of energy.

The Results of Research:

The power on motor torsion was law compared to dieseloil.

Fuel consumption was more wasteful

Gas emission was lower

Deposit in engine parts was higher






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Production of Biogas from Wastes of Palm OilSolid Fermentation Processing

The Objective of Research:

To evaluate the characteristic of biogas produced from thewastes of palm-oil solid fermentation processing, theassessment on its potential prospect was also studied


Fermentation in the batch system at 25 : 500 ratio as suchafforded biogas with the highest yield (145 ml per liter-hour)and the most intense degradation on the organic matters(32.3% VS)

Fermentation using continuous system at 25 : 500 brought outbiogas with the highest production (1623,7 ml per-liter-d)





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Physical and Chemical Properties of

Briquetted Charcoal Using the Mixture ofSawdust and Woddy Slab Wastes


The recovery/yield sawdust charcoal was about24.57-29.16 percent,

Slab charcoal was 25. 26-39.20 percent.

The mixture of sawdust charcoal and slabscharcoal act 40% : 60% portion brought out thebriquetted charcoal with the most satisfactory

physical and chemical properties

OG SS O S C





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Solid state fermentation of some lignocellulosicwastes

The Results of Research:Biogas productivity is about 1.6.6.5 V/V.r.d, methane content about48.8.53.3 percent, retention time about 13-34 days and efficiency of

conversion about 12-61 percent.Solid state fermentation at the above mentioned conditions increasesthe biogas productivity of about 2-6 times more than that of theconventional method.

Solid state fermentation of a mixture of rubber wood sawdust and water

hyacinth (ratio 90/10) revealed that biogas productivity was the lowest,retention time appeared to be the longest and the efficiency ofconversion was relatively low (15%). On the other hand, solid statefermentation of fresh municipal solid waste gave the highestproductivity of about 6,5 V/V.r.d, relatively short retention time (16.6days) and high efficiency of about 57%. Solid state fermentation of

mixture of rise straw and water hyacinth (95/5) and also of themunicipal solid waste, rubber wood sawdust, bagasse and waterhyacinth (68/15/12/4) gave a high productivity and efficiency.





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Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureThe Research has been started since 1996 covers

Power Generation: Raw material: sugar cane wastes It has not been marketed commercially

Solar assisted Biomass system for drying Coffee and cocoa Raw materials: saw dust, rice husk

Capacity: 60 kWh It has been installed commercially

Biogas production from fluid waste with a permanent stack ofaerobic reactor: Produced biogas of 0,56 m3 per COD level which has been

degraded.

Biodiesel, Research has been started since 2000: Raw material: RBDPO (refined, bleached and deodorized palm

oil) Research has achieved a pilot scale with a production capacity

of 1 ton per day.




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The Agency for the Assessment and Application ofThe Agency for the Assessment and Application of

Technology (BPPT)Technology (BPPT)

Research which has been started since 1980 covers: Power Gasifier:

Raw materials: wood chips, rice husk

Capasity: 40 kWe - 200 kWe It has been installed comercially

There has still been for research

Heat gasifier since 1990: Raw materials: saw dust, rice husk

Capacity: 60 kWh It has been installed commercially

Fluidized Bed Boiler since 1996 Raw materials: saw dust, rice husk, wood chips, paper sludge

Capacity: 1,5 ton/hr saturated steam

It has been installed commercially Briqueting, since 1999

Raw materials: saw dust, rice husk mixed with coal

Briquett type: egg and honey comb

Biodiesel, research since 2001:

Raw material: Crude palm oil, jatropha & rhicinus oil For CPO has been in the form of a pilot which has been marketed commercially,

for jatropha andrhicinus oil have still been under research.



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Faculty of Forestry, The University ofFaculty of Forestry, The University ofGajahGajah MadaMada

Research on Biomass into EnergyConversion has been started in 1989 covers:

Kinds of wood as fuelGrowth velocity

Calorific value

Carbon formation experiment

Formation of carbon processor equipment




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Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute ofFaculty of Chemical Engineering, Institute of

TechnologyTechnology BandungBandungResearch on Biomass into Energy Conversion hasbeen started since 1976 covers:

Power Gasifier: Raw materials: wood chips, rice husk and saw dust

Bio-diesel: Raw material: crude palm oil, coconut oil and jatropha oil

Bio-oil: Raw material: solid waste from palm oil industry

Bio-ethanol:

Develop pilot plant to produce bio-ethanol



SUGGESTION OF POSSIBLE


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SUGGESTION OF POSSIBLE

COOPERATION AMONG ASIAN

COUNTRIES

Information exchange

Experts Exchange

J oint Research

Laboratory Strengthening and

Development


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CLOSING REMARKSCLOSING REMARKSTarget of renewable energy development in Indonesia as inputfor national energy demand is 5% in the year of 2020.

Biomass is one of the important renewable energy sourceAlthough Indonesia has a huge potential of renewable energy,its utilization is still low

The increase of renewable energy utilization is part of thestrategies to achieve energy security include electricity needs inAsian and African countries

Some barriers are still facing in increase the renewable energy

and it should be removed by particularly formulating the policieson renewable energy

Development of biomass to energy conversion technology in anefficient way will be helpful

Cooperation among Asian countries in developing biomass willincrease mutual understanding


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EvitaLegowo Biomass Indonesia

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