8/9/2019 Doyong

1/31

Heat Engine

M

Hot Body(source of heat)

Q1

Cold Body

(absorbs heat)

Q2

W

8/9/2019 Doyong

2/31

Carnot Cycle

Hot ReservoirT1

Cold Reservoir T2

C

Q1

Q2

W

8/9/2019 Doyong

3/31

SIKLUS CARNOT

adiabaticadiabatic

compressiocompressio

isothermalisothermal

expansionexpansion

adiabaticadiabatic

expansionexpansion

isothermalisothermal

compressioncompression

8/9/2019 Doyong

4/31

!olume

"ressure

#

#

a

b

#d

T1

Q1

Carnot Cycle

Q2

V

nRTP

1$

V

constP

%$

T2

#c

Q$&Q$&

V

nRTP

2$

8/9/2019 Doyong

5/31

!olume

"ressure

#

#

a

b

#d

T1

Q1

Carnot Cycle

Q2

V

nRTP

1$

V

constP

%$

T2

#c

Q$&Q$&

V

nRTP

2$

W

8/9/2019 Doyong

6/31

Theoretical Otto Cycle

Exhaust

Intake

Blow

Down

Constant-

Volume

Heat

Inut

A!"a#at"$

Exans"on

A!"a#at"$

Com%ess"on

8/9/2019 Doyong

7/31

7

Real and Idealized Cycle

8/9/2019 Doyong

8/31

Note& Com%ess"on %at"o 'an( t"n((" akan #e%ak"#at a!a suhu kom%es" 'an( t"n((" )u(a* +a!a

moto% #ens"n, )"ka suhu "n" men(ak"#atkan AUTOINITION!an men(has"lkan no"se 'an(

!"se#ut KNOCKIN* E."s"ens" te%mal moto% #ens"n aktual /0 - 12 3*

8/9/2019 Doyong

9/31

SIKLUS DIESEL

!"in# "o$t% & !'b% ( $

)in( h*# h2( Cp!T*# T2%

)o$t( $+# $1( C,!T+# T1%

8/9/2019 Doyong

10/31

Note& E..* The%mal 4oto% #ens"n 5 !"esel the same $om%ess"on %at"o*

E."s"ens" te%mal moto% !"esel aktual 10- 62 3*

8/9/2019 Doyong

11/31

11

Comb$stion

Chamber

Cran- Sha.t

/iston

Connectin0

od

TDC

DC

3as-et

VC

VS Stro-e

Stro-e

ore

Cran- adi$s !cran-thro'%

Cran- adi$s

Cylinder

8/9/2019 Doyong

12/31

12

Compression ratio !r%

4C ( Clearance ,ol$me

4S ( S'ept ,ol$me ( 5+ D2L

'here6 L !stro-e% ( 2 8 is the cran-sha.t radi$s

9 Increasin0 the compression ration increases the thermale..iciency8 compression is limited by the -noc- limit:

C

SC

4

44r

+=

C

S

4

41r +=

TDCatpistonabo,e4ol$me

DCatpistonabo,e4ol$mer =

8/9/2019 Doyong

13/31

1*

En0ine Displacement8 S'ept 4ol$me

or En0ine Capacity !4e%6

4e ( 4Sn

4e ( !5+% D2 L n

;here6

4e( en0ine capacity8 4s( cylinder s'ept ,ol$me

n ( n$mber o. cylinders8 L ( stro-e8 D ( bore diameter

Stro-e VS

ore

VS

VS

VS

TDC

DC

8/9/2019 Doyong

14/31

1+

En0ine

8/9/2019 Doyong

15/31

Volume lan(kah !an Ruan( Ru("

Clearance

4ol$meDisplacement

4ol$me

8/9/2019 Doyong

16/31

eciprocatin0 En0ines

The basic components o. a reciprocatin0

en0ine are sho'n to the ri0ht

Top Dead Center !TDC%

The position o. the piston 'hen it .orms

the smallest ,ol$me in the cylinder

ottom Dead Center !DC%

The position o. the piston 'hen it .ormsthe lar0est ,ol$me in the cylinder

8/9/2019 Doyong

17/31

'troe The distace bet*ee the T+C

ad B+C The lar,est distace the pisto

ca travel i oe directio

Bore The diameter of the pisto

-tae !alve Where the air or air.fuel mi/ture

is dra* ito the cylider

0/haust !alve

Where the combustio productsare e/pelled from the cylider

Clearance 4ol$me

The minim$m ,ol$me .ormed in the

cylinder8 i:e:8 'hen the piston is at the

TDC

Displacement 4ol$me

The ,ol$me displaced by the piston

as it mo,es bet'een the TDC and

DC

8/9/2019 Doyong

18/31

a

d

Internal Combustion Engine

8/9/2019 Doyong

19/31

Comparison of Otto and Diesel Cycles

combustio

Q$&

Q$&

Wor per cycle

$ rea iside

8/9/2019 Doyong

20/31

+e%#e!aan kalo% Inut Otto !an D"esel

8/9/2019 Doyong

21/31

TDC

DC

min

max

V

V

V

Vr ==

4ol$mentDisplaceme

8/9/2019 Doyong

22/31

8/9/2019 Doyong

23/31

Re$"%o$at"n( En("ne Theo%' O. Oe%at"on

Two-St%oke

8/9/2019 Doyong

24/31

Two-St%oke C'$leEn("ne "n A$t"on

8/9/2019 Doyong

25/31

7ou% St%oke C'$les

8/9/2019 Doyong

26/31

8/9/2019 Doyong

27/31

Examles o.

Va%"ous 4ult"-

C'l"n!e%

En("nes

Oos"n( 7ou%

C'l"n!e%

En("ne o%

Boxe% En("ne

Inl"ne 7ou% C'l"n!e%

En("ne

V- 8 En("ne

8/9/2019 Doyong

28/31

8/9/2019 Doyong

29/31

Rota%' En("ne

8/9/2019 Doyong

30/31

Rota%' En("ne

8/9/2019 Doyong

31/31

Examles o. Uses o. Rota%' En("nes

Datsun /92:

4a;!a R