Definisi, Ruang Lingkup Dan Sejarah

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    Definisi, Ruang lingkup dan

    Sejarah Perkembangan

    MIKROBIOLOGI

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    Pengantar 

    Sejarah penemuan mikrbia

    Objek kajian mikrbilgi

    Keanekaragaman mikrbia

    Mikrbilgi sebagai disiplin ilmu!

    metde kultur murni

    teknik aseptis

    Metde Ilmiah

    Pengertian Mikrbilgi

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    Pentingn"a Mikrbilgi

    Lingkungan

    Kesehatan

    Industri dan Pangan

    Pertanian

    Biteknlgi

    Penelitian

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     #plikasi Mikrbilgi

    Pendekatan taksonomis:

    $irlgi

    Bakterilgi

    Miklgi

    %iklgi

    Prt&lgi

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    Pendekatan %ungsi

    Genetika mikrbia

    Sistematika mikrbia

    'klgi mikrbia

    %isilgi mikrbia

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    Pendekatan masalah

    Mikrbilgi kesehatan

    Mikrbilgi kefarmasian

    Mikrbilgi Pertanian

    Mikrbilgi Pangan

    Mikrbilgi Lingkungan

    Biteknlgi

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    Keanekaragaman mikrbia

    Ruang lingkup mikrobia!

    Bakteria

     #r(haea%ungi

    Prt&a

     #lgae$irus

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    Keanekaragaman Mikrbia

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    Struktur Mikrbia

    Mikrobia aselular:

    ) *irus

    Mikrobia prokaryotik: 

    ) bakteria) ar(haea

    Mikrobia eukaryotik:

    ) %ungi) Prt&a

    )  #lgae

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    S(pe and +istr" f Mi(rbilg"

    h" stud" mi(rbilg" -

    S(pe f mi(rbilg"

    +istri(al rts

    .he Germ .her" f Diseases

    'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f

    Mi(rbilg".mmr/s histr"

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    h" stud" mi(rbilg" -

    Mi(rrganisms are part f the human

    en*irnment→ imprtant t human health

    and a(ti*ities

    .he stud" f mi(rrganisms pr*ides

    insight int life pr(esses in all frm f life

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    S(pe f mi(rbilg"

    .he mi(rbes!Microbiology! the stud" f mi(rrganisms0 ba(teria,

    ar(haea, algae, fungi, prt&a, *irus, *irids, andprins

    .he mi(rbilgists! #(ti*e Resear(h fields1 immunlg", *irlg",

    (hemtherap", geneti(srks as resear(hers, tea(hers, le(turers, (lini(al,

    industrial settings

    D basi( resear(h in the bilgi(al s(ien(es+elp t perfrm diagnsti( testsDe*elp and test antibiti(s and *a((inesSafeguards the en*irnmentsPla" imprtant rles in the fd and be*erages

    industries

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    +istri(al rts

    .he an(ient Greeks, Rmans, and 2e/s,all (ntributed t earl" understandings fthe spread f diseases

    Diseases, su(h as bubni( pla3ue, s"philis

    (aused millins f death be(ause la(k funderstanding f h/ t (ntrl r t treatthe infe(tins

    .he de*elpment f high03ualit" lenses b"Leeu/enhek made it pssible t bser*emi(rrganisms and later frmulate the(ell ther"

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    .he Germ .her" f Diseases

    .he germ ther" f diseases states that

    mi(rrganisms 4germs5 (an in*ade ther

    rganisms and (ause disease6

    'arl" studies!.he idea f Spntaneus generatin ha*e t be

    refuted

    %ran(es( Redi and La&ar Spalan&ani demnstrated

    that rganisms did nt arise frm nn0li*ing material6Pasteur and ."ndall finall" dispelled the idea f

    spntaneus generatin

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    .he Germ .her" f Diseases  Pasteur further (ntributins

    ine making Disease in silk/rms De*elped rabies *a((ines

     K(h (ntributins De*elped fur pstulates that aided in the definiti*e

    establishment f the germ ther" f disease  Koch Postulates:

    76 .he spe(ifi( (ausati*e agent must be fund in e*er" (ase f thedisease

    86 .he disease rganism must be islated in pure (ulture

    96 In(ulatin f a sample f the (ulture int a health", sus(eptibleanimal must prdu(e the same disease6

    :6 .he disease rganism must be re(*ered frm the in(ulatedanimal6

     Koch als de*elped te(hni3ue fr islating rganisms,identified the ba(illus that (auses tuber(ulsis, de*elped

    tuber(ulin, and studied *arius diseases in #sia and #fri(a

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    .he Germ .her" f Diseases

    ) rk t/ard (ntrlling infe(tins

    ) Lister and Semmel/eis (ntributed t

    impr*e sanitatin in medi(ine b" appl"ing

    the germ ther" and using asepti(

    te(hni3ue

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    'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f

    Mi(rbilg"

    Immunology:

    Immuni&atin /as first used against smallp;

    2enner used fluid frm (/p; blisters t

    immuni&e against it

    Pasteur de*elped te(hni3ues t /eake

    rganisms s the" /uld prdu(e immunit"

    /ithut prdu(ing disease6

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    'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f

    Mi(rbilg"

    Virlogy:Beijerin(k (hara(teri&ed *iruses as pathgeni(

    mle(ules that (uld take *er a hst (ellme(hanisms fr their /n use

    Reed demnstrated that ms3uites (an (arr" the"ell/ fe*er agent and se*eral in*estigatrs identified*iruses in the earl" t/entieth (entur"

    .he stru(ture f D

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    'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f

    Mi(rbilg"

    ChemoteraphySubstan(es deri*ed frm medi(inal plants

    /ere *irtuall" the nl" sur(e f

    (hemtherapeuti( agents until 'hrli(h begana s"stemati( sear(h fr (hemi(all" definedsubstan(es that /uld kill ba(teria

    %leming and his (lleagues de*elped

    peni(illin and Dmagk and thers de*elpedsulfa drugs

    aksman and thers de*elped streptm"(inand ther antibiti(s deri*ed frm sil

    mi(rrganisms

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    'mergen(e f Spe(ial %ields f

    Mi(rbilg"

    ) Geneti(s and Mle(ular Bilg"!

    Griffith dis(*ered that pre*iusl" harmless

    ba(teria (uld (hange their nature and

    be(me (apable f (ausing disease6.he geneti( (hange /as sh/n b" #*er",

    M(=art", and Ma(Led t be due t D

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    .mmr/s histr"

    Mi(rbilg" has been at the frefrnt f resear(h inmedi(ine and bilg", and mi(rrganism (ntinue tpla" a (riti(al rle in geneti( engineering and genetherap"

    Ba(teriphage *iruses ma" be able t (ure diseases,and help ensure fd safet"6

    Genomics: .he +uman Genme Prje(ts has identified the l(atins and

    se3uen(e f all nu(letides in the human genme6

    Mi(rbes and mi(rbilgi(al te(hni3ues ha*e (ntributed t this/rks

    O*er 7>> ba(terial genmes ha*e been se3uen(ed (mpletel"6

     # fe/ ba(teria ha*e t/ instead f ne (hrmsme6