DEFINISI, KARAKTERISTIK, INFORMASI GEOGRAFI...

DEFINISI, KARAKTERISTIK,

CONTOH APLIKASI SISTEM

INFORMASI GEOGRAFI (SIG)

1

Manfaat Pembelajaran

2

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa

akan mampu :

Menjelaskan mengenai konsep dasar, keunggulan,

karakteristik dan contoh-contoh aplikasi SIG

Outline Materi

3

Materi 1 : Definisi SIG

Materi 2 : Keunggulan SIG

Materi 3 : Karakteristik SIG

Materi 4 : Contoh Aplikasi SIG

Definisi SIG (1)4

Menurut Rhind (1989).

A computer system that can hold and use data describing

places on the Earth’ surfaces.

Menurut Burrough (1986)

A set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieving at will,

transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world

for a particular set of purposes.

Definisi SIG (2)5

Menurut Prof. Jacob Rais (2001) Sistem Informasi berbasis komputer dengan memakai data digital berujuk pada lokasi geografis di muka bumi.

Menurut ESRI ( ESRI White Paper, 2001 ) A computer software that links geographic information (where things are) with descriptive information (what things are).

Lainnya,Lihat buku referensi. (Eddy Prahasta : “Konsep-konsep Dasar

SIG”, hal.56-57, 2001, dsb.)

Definisi SIG (3)

6

We can describe any

element of our world

in two ways:

Geographic Information Systems

Describing Our World

Attribute Information:What is it?

Species: OakHeight: 15m

Age: 75 Yrs

Location Information: Where is it?

51°N, 112°W

Definisi SIG (4)

7

ESRI Canada :

GIS is a system of computer software, hardware and data, and personnel to help manipulate, analyze and present information that is tied to a spatial location.

• Spatial location – usually a geographic location

• Information – visualization of analysis of data

• System – linking software, hardware, data

• Personnel – a thinking explorer who is key to the power of GIS

GIS : A method to visualize, manipulate, analyze, and display spatial data

Definisi SIG (5)

8

http://www.gis.com :

GIS is a technology that is used to view and analyze data from a geographic perspective. The technology is a piece of an organization's overall information system framework.

GIS links location to information (such as people to addresses, buildings to parcels, or streets within a network) and layers that information to give you a better understanding of how it all interrelates. You choose what layers to combine based on your purpose.

Within a few hours of the destruction of Space Shuttle Columbia, GIS accurately modeled the shuttle's debris location and distribution.

(see this image)

http://www.gis.com/whatisgis/overview.html

Definisi SIG (6)

9

Three Views of a GIS (http://www.gis.com)

A GIS is most often associated with maps. A map, however, is only one of three ways a GIS can be used to work with geographic information. These three ways are:

1. The Database View: A GIS is a unique kind of database of the world—a geographic database (geo-database). It is an "Information System for Geography." Fundamentally, a GIS is based on a structured database that describes the world in geographic terms.

Definisi SIG (7)

10


2. The Map View: A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views that show features and feature relationships on the earth's surface. Maps of the underlying geographic information can be constructed and used as "windows into the database" to support queries, analysis, and editing of the information. This is called geovisualization.

Definisi SIG (8)

11


3. The Model View: A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that derive new geographic datasets from existing datasets. These geoprocessing functions take information from existing datasets, apply analytic functions, and write results into new derived datasets.

Keunggulan SIG (1)12

Kemudahan & Kecepatan Akses Data yang

bervolume besar

Kemampuan untuk :

Mencari detil berdasarkan area atau thema

Membuat link ke data set lain

Menganalisa karakteristik spasial dari data

Melakukan update data dengan cepat & murah

Menghasilkan output sesuai kebutuhan :

Peta, Grafik, Daftar Alamat, Ringkasan data statistik , dsb.


Kemudahan & Kecepatan Akses Data yang bervolume besar

• Base Map Data

GIS contains many layers of information:

• Elevation

• Surface Geology

These are just a few of

the kinds of layers a

GIS can contain:

Keunggulan SIG (3)14 Kemampuan untuk membuat link ke data set lain

GIS software links the location

data and the attribute data:


Kemampuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik spasial

GIS software can answer

questions about our world:

What provinces border

Saskatchewan?

Spatial Questions:

What provinces have more

than 1.5 million people?

Attribute Questions:

Keunggulan SIG (5)

16

Kemampuan untuk menganalisa karakteristik spasial

GIS can analyze data

in many ways:


Menghasilkan output sesuai kebutuhan :

Peta, Grafik, Daftar Alamat, Ringkasan data statistik,

dsb.

1 BPPT Jl Thamrin No.82 Kominfo Jl Medan Merdeka3 Garuda Jl Medan Merdeka4 Sari Pan Jl Thamrin

Data Statistik

Luas wilayah 230 kmRata-rata kepadatan 120 org/kmGDP 100UMR 760.000

Karakteristik SIG (1)18

Kombinasi data spasial & non-spasial

TABULAR DATA?

OR MAP?

YOUR CHOICE:

State Population (1991)

Johor 2,074,297

Kedah 1,304,800

Kelantan 1,181,680

Melaka 504,502

Karakteristik SIG (2)19 Kemampuan manipulasi data untuk berbagai

aplikasi

• Base Map Data

• Elevation

• Surface Geology

Contoh Aplikasi SIG (1)20

Environmental

Public Utilities

Agriculture

Marketing

Park Management

Health Care

Real Estate

Emergency


Environmental

• What are

the effects

of Global

Warming?

Land cover and temperature relationships are

made clear when the data are seen at once

using Geotechnology.

Contoh Aplikasi SIG (3)22 Public Utilities

• Is it safe to

dig here?

A proposed excavation, identified by

address, is compared to pipelines in the area

using Geotechnology.


Agriculture

• How can I

improve food

production?

Geotechnology is used in

making crop management

decisions to maximize yields

and minimize fertilizer input.


Marketing

• How can I

optimize my

Marketing

Campaign?

Geotechnology can query a database and

identify only those areas with the highest

household income within a specified distance

of a store.


Park Management

• Will the new

building spoil

the Park

Scenery?

Park planners use Geotechnology to

determine if a new Visitor Centre can be seen

from the peak.


Health Care

• What

Communities

are at risk

from

Disease?

Geotechnology identifies

communities at risk of River

Blindness and helps determine

the impact of treatment.


Real Estate

• Where is

my Dream

Home?

With Geotechnology, an agent can

show a map of a neighborhood and a

picture or video of the actual

properties.


Emergency

• What is the

fastest route

to the

Hospital?

Geotechnology can choose the

fastest route to a hospital. The

GIS can take into account

traffic and other impediments.

Penutup29

Mahasiswa diharapkan telah memahami konsep-

konsep dasar SIG, khususnya : Definisi, Keunggulan,

Karakteristik, Contoh Aplikasi Sistem Informasi

Geografi.

DEFINISI, KARAKTERISTIK, INFORMASI GEOGRAFI...

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