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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Aliran Vortex ............................................................................... 5

Gambar 2.2 Klasifikasi Vortex Berdasarkan Kekuatannya .............................. 6

Gambar 2.3Teh Cangkir Yang Diaduk Adalah Sebuah Aplikasi Vortex

Paksa ........................................................................................... 7

Gambar 2.4 Rotational (Rigid Body) Vortex ................................................... 7

Gambar 2.5 Vortex Bebas ............................................................................... 8

Gambar 2.6 KlasifikasiTurbin Air ................................................................... 10

Gambar 2.7 Turbin Francis ............................................................................. 11

Gambar 2.8 Turbin Kaplan .............................................................................. 12

Gambar 2.9 Turbin Pelton ............................................................................... 13

Gambar 2.10 Turbin Turgo ............................................................................. 14

Gambar 2.11 Turbin Cross Flow atau Banki .................................................... 15

Gambar 2.12 Turbin Vortex ............................................................................ 16

Gambar 2.13 Hasil Percobaan dan Hasil CFD ................................................. 18

Gambar 2.14 Proses Simulasi : CAD, Grid, dan Hasil CFD ............................. 19

Gambar 2.15 Konservasi Massa Elemen Fluida 2 Dimensi .............................. 21

Gambar 2.16 Konservasi Massa Elemen Fluida 3 Dimensi .............................. 22

Gambar 2.17 Konservasi Momentum Pada Elemen Fluida 2 Dimensi ............. 23

Gambar 2.18 Konservasi Momentum Pada Elemen Fluida 3 Dimensi .............. 24

Gambar 2.19 Konservasi Energi Pada Elemen Fluida ...................................... 27

Gambar 3.1 Model Turbin Vortex ................................................................... 40

Gambar 3.2 Domain Turbin Vortex ................................................................. 42

Gambar 3.3 (a) Spesifikasi Meshing (b)Hasil Meshing .................................... 43

Gambar 3.4 Kondisi Batas PadaTurbin Vortex ................................................ 44

Gambar 3.5 Diagram Alir................................................................................ 46

Gambar 3.6 Cara Import Geometry ................................................................. 47

Gambar 3.7 (a) Wall (b) Atas (c) Inlet (d) Outlet ............................................. 48

Gambar 3.8 Spesifikasi Mesh .......................................................................... 49

Gambar 3.9 Hasil Mesh .................................................................................. 49

Gambar 3.10 Setup ......................................................................................... 50

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Gambar 3.11 Models ....................................................................................... 51

Gambar 3.12 Materials .................................................................................... 51

Gambar 3.13 Phases ........................................................................................ 52

Gambar 3.14 Cell Zone Conditions ................................................................. 52

Gambar 3.15 Solution Controls ....................................................................... 53

Gambar 3.16 Calculation Activities................................................................. 54

Gambar 3.17 Solution Initialization................................................................. 55

Gambar 3.18 Region Adaption ........................................................................ 56

Gambar 3.19 Patch .......................................................................................... 56

Gambar 3.20 Run Calculation ......................................................................... 57

Gambar 3.21 Fluid Flow (FLUENT) ............................................................... 57

Gambar 3.22 CFD Post 14.0 ........................................................................... 58

Gambar 4.1 Distribusi Kecepatan Dengan 4 Garis ........................................... 59

Gambar 4.2 Hasil Simulasi Pada Lubang Buang 1........................................... 60

Gambar 4.3 Grafik Distribusi Kecepatan Pada Lubang Buang 1 Dengan

Head 0.1 m ................................................................................. 61

Gambar 4.4 Hasil Simulasi Pada Lubang Buang 2........................................... 61

Gambar 4.5 Grafik Distribusi Kecepatan Pada Lubang Buang 2 Dengan

Head 0.17 m ............................................................................... 62

Gambar 4.6 Hasil Simulasi Pada Lubang Buang 3........................................... 63

Gambar 4.7 Grafik Distribusi Kecepatan Pada Lubang Buang 3 Dengan

Head 0.28 m ............................................................................... 64

Gambar 4.8 Hasil Simulasi Pada Lubang Buang 4........................................... 64

Gambar 4.9 Grafik Distribusi Kecepatan Pada Lubang Buang 4Dengan

Head 0.29 m ............................................................................... 65

Gambar 4.10 Hasil Simulasi Pada Lubang Buang 5 ......................................... 66

Gambar 4.11 Grafik Distribusi Kecepatan Pada Lubang Buang 5Dengan

Head 0.30 m ............................................................................. 67

Gambar 4.12 Turbin Vortex ............................................................................ 68

Gambar 4.13 Grafik Perbandingan Antara Daya Hasil Simulasi, Daya Hasil

Teoritis, dan Daya Hasil Eksperimen ........................................ 69