Berbagi Tak Pernah Rugi

http://isroi.com

Bioplastik dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit

ISROI

Seminar Nasional “Peluang dan Tantangan Pengembangan Industri Hilir Kelapa Sawit di Indonesia” Yogyakarta, 18-19 Januari 2018

Masalah Sampah Plastik di Indonesia

Di Tanah

Di Sungai

Di Laut

Indonesian Plastic Statistic 2016 (PP,PE,PS,PVC)

Capacity 2,920,000 TPY

Production 1,750,000 TPY

Demand 4,750,000 TPY

Import 2,450,000 TPY

Recycle consumption 450.000 TPY

Un-recyled plastic: 4.300.000 TPY

*) Budi Sadiman (Inaplast 2016)

Solusi Bioplastik

Biodegradable

Prediksi Produksi Bioplastik Global

Bio-Plastics

• Bio-based Plastics

Fokus utama pada asal dari sumber karbon yang digunakan dalam pembuatan bio-plastik

• Biodegradable Plastics

Fokus pada Focus is on “end of life or disposal”

Defined by EN13432 and ASTM D6400

Source: http://www.plasticstoday.com/

Lignocellulose Based Bioplastic

Brodin, M., Vallejos, M., Opedal, M. T., Area, M. C., & Chinga-Carrasco, G. (2017). Lignocellulosics as sustainable resources for production of bioplastics--a review. Journal of Cleaner Production.

Microfiber Celulosa

Glucose

Bioetanol Ethylene

Poliethylene (PE)

Lactic Acid

Nano cellulose

Nanocrystaline cellulose

Nanofiber cellulose

Bioplastic

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

Cellulose acetate

Polylactic Acid (PLA)

Biomass

Micro cryatalline cellulose

Turunan Selulosa dalam bioplastik

NFC (Nanofiber

Cellulose)

CNC (Cellulose

Nanocrystal)

CAB (Cellulose

Acetat Butyrate)

CA (Cellulose Acetat)

Cellulose Ester

Bio-PE

PLA (polylactic acid)

Why Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches?

Produksi CPO Global dan Indonesia

Estimated production 2016/2017: 62.88 million tons.

Sumber: FAOSTAT (May 29, 2017), Dirjenbun 2017, http://www.globalpalmoilproduction.com/

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Pro

du

ksi C

PO

(ju

ta t

on

)

Tahun

Global Indonesia

1 ton TBS

140 – 230 kg CPO Oil Palm Mill

217 kg TKKS

71 kg cangkang

123 kg fiber

Hayashi, Kiichiro. "Environmental impact of palm oil industry in Indonesia." International Symposium on EcoTopia

Science. 2007.

Satu PKS bisa menghasilkan TKKS sebanyak 200 – 600 ton per hari

Indonesia 31.53 Juta Tonnes Malaysia 18.08 Juta Tonnes Thailand 1.85 Juta Tonnes

Understanding lignocellulosic properties of EFB

Main Lignocellulosic Component

Lignin

Cellulose

Hemicelullose

Ash & extractives

Cellulose from EFB

58.3 juta ton

TKKS/tahun

21.37 juta ton

selulosa/tahun =

Kandungan (%)

How Water Soluble (%)

17.79

Cellulose (%) 36.67 Hemicellulose (%) 13.50 Lignin (%) 31.16 Ash (%) 0.89

Struktur lignoselulosa dan selulosa TKKS

Macrofiber TKKS

Struktur lignoselulosa dan selulosa TKKS

Amorphous

region

Lignin celulosa

Hemicelulosa

Crystaline

region

Silica bodies

Lignin

Hemicellulose

Cellulose

Permukaan serat TKKS ditutupi oleh silika body

(tanda panah)

http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/Articleimage/2012/PY/c1py00445j/c1py00445j-f1.gif

http://www.intechopen.com/source/html/38562/media/image1.png

Cellulose Based Bioplastic

Turunan Selulosa dalam bioplastik

NFC (Nanofiber

Cellulose)

CNC (Cellulose

Nanocrystal)

CAB (Cellulose

Acetat Butyrate)

CA (Cellulose Acetat)

Cellulose Ester

Bio-PE

PLA (polylactic acid)

Tahapan Umum Pemanfaatan Selulosa dari TKKS

TKKS Isolasi dan pemurnian

selulosa

Modifikasi serat selulosa

Pencacahan dan pengeringan

Metode pulping yang bisa digunakan A. Kimia B. Bio-pulping C. Pulping mekanis D. Kombinasi

PULP

Pulping

PULP

Hidrolisis, oksidasi dan perlakuan fisis

Serat selulosa (Kandungan selulosa>95%)

Selulosa PULP Serat TKKS

Selulosa mikrofiber (Kandungan

Selulosa>95%)

Hasil analisa FTIR

Parameter TKKS Pulp Selulosa How Water Soluble (HWS) (%)

17.79 - -

Selulosa (%) 36.67 65.43 90.86 Hemiselulosa (%) 13.50 16.68 8.98 Lignin (%) 31.16 17.70 - Abu (%) 0.89 0.18 0.16

Kandungan lignoselulosa dari Tankos, pulp dan

selulosa

Derajat polimerisasi (Degree of polymerization) dai

TKKS, pulp and selulosa.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

OPEFB Pulp Cellulose

Degree of Polymerization

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

OPEFB Pulp Cellulose

Fiber Length Distribution

0.2-0.5 mm 0.5-1.0 mm 1.0-1.5 mm

1.5-2.5 mm 2.5-7.5 mm

Distribusi panjang serat TKKS, pulp dan selulosa dari TKKS.

Microfiber Celulosa

Glukosa

Bioetanol Ethylene

Poliethylene (PE)

Asam Laktat

Nano selulosa

Selulosa Nanocrystaline

Selulosa Nanofiber

Bioplastik

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)

Sellulosa asetate

Polylactic Acid (PLA)

TKKS

Mikrokristalin Selulosa

Selulosa mikrofiber (Kandungan

Selulosa>95%)

Selulosa Microcrystaline

Derivate Selulosa

Matrik Biopolymer Plastisizer dan Kompatibilizer

BIOPLASTIK

Proses Sintesis

Bioplastik

Bioplastik (komposit selulosa-pati) dengan berbagai rasio selulosa

O%

12.5%

25%

37.5%

50%

Kenampakan serat selulosa di dalam komposit bioplastik

50%

12.5% Cellulose

Microscopic view of cellulose inside the composite

1000200030004000

Wavenumbers

Cellulosa

Starch

Bioplastic

Physical characteristic of the bioplastic

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

7,00

8,00

9,00

0,00

50,00

100,00

150,00

200,00

250,00

300,00

0,000 0,125 0,250 0,375 0,500

%

kgf/

cm2

Plastisizer (%)

Tensile Strenght Elastic Modulus Elongation at break

Bijih Bioplastik

PLA – Polylactic Acid

EFB

Glucose

hidrolysis

PLA Pellets

PLA – Bioplastic Application

Bio-PE (Bio-PolyEthylene) & Bio-PP

EFB

EFB based Ethanol

Bio-Polyester

Produk Bioplastik Sawit

Kantong Bioplastik

Lembaran Bioplastik

Kemasan Bioplastik

Air Minyak

Bioplastik sawit untuk kemasan minyak

Rencana pengembangan bioplastik sawit

Bioplastic Cutlery

Bioplastic Food Box

Seasoning oil

Bioplastic glassware

Bioplastic Foam

For the love of the earth

Thanks You Thanks You