Bab 1 Kimia Polimer

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    KIMIA POLIMER(POLYMER CHEMISTRY)

    Disusun olehIr. Roosmariharso, MBA

    POLITEKNIK STMI JAKARTA

    20 !

    Buku Diktat(Untuk keperluan penga aran)

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    Da!tar I"i

    I# P$l%&er De'niti$n" Cla""i' ati$nII# P$l%&er S%nt*e"i"III# P$l%&er Stru tureI+# M$le ular ,eig*t De'niti$n" Di"tri-uti$n+# P$l%&er M$rp*$l$g%+I#+i" $ it%

    +II#P$l%&er Pr$pertie"+III#P$l%&er R*e$l$g%I.#P$l%&er A//iti0e"

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    I#P$l%&er De'niti$n Cla""i' ati$n

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    P$l%&er"1 Intr$/u ti$n• P$l%&er1 Hig* &$le ular 2eig*t &$le ule &a/e

    up $! a "&all repeat unit (&$n$&er)# – A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A

    •M$n$&er1 L$2 &$le ular 2eig*t $&p$un/ t*atan -e $nne te/ t$get*er t$ gi0e a p$%&er

    • Olig$&er1 S*$rt p$l%&er *ain• C$p$l%&er1 p$l%&er &a/e up $! 4 $r &$re

    &$n$&er" – Ran/$& $p$l%&er1 A3B3B3A3A3B3A3B3A3B3B3B3A3A3B – Alternating $p$l%&er1 A3B3A3B3A3B3A3B3A3B3A3B3A3B – Bl$ k $p$l%&er1 A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3B3B3B3B3B3B3B3B

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    IUPAC De'niti$n• A p$l%&er i" a "u-"tan e $&p$"e/

    $! &$le ule" *ara teri5e/ -% t*e&ultiple repetiti$n $! $ne $r &$re"pe ie" $! at$&" $r gr$up" $! at$&"( $n"tituti$nal repeating unit")linke/ t$ ea * $t*er in a&$unt""u6 ient t$ pr$0i/e a "et $!

    pr$pertie" t*at /$ n$t 0ar%&arke/l% 2it* t*e a//iti$n $! $ne $ra !e2 $! t*e $n"tituti$nal repeatingunit"#7

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    A. T"#es o$ Nomen%la&ure a. Sour%e name ' &o (e (ase) on names o$

    %orres#on)in* monomer

    P$l%et*%lene8 P$l%(0in%l *l$ri/e)8P$l%(et*%lene $9i/e)

    (. I PA- name ' &o (e (ase) on -R , s"s&ema&i%name

    P$l%(&et*%lene)8 P$l%(;3 *l$r$et*%lene)8P$l%($9%et*%lene)

    %. un%&ional *rou# name ' A%oor)in* &o name o$ $un%&ional *rou# in &he#ol"mer (a%/(one

    Nomen%la&ure

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    ra)e name ' The %ommer%ial names (" manu$a%&urer Te on, N"

    ((re1ia&ion name ' P -, PET

    m#le3 an) Ne&4or/ #ol"mer ' Phenol5$ormal)eh")e #ol"mer

    in"l #ol"mer ' Pol"ole6n

    Nomen%la&ure

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    C$&&$n P$l%&er"• P$l%&er" are $&&$n in nature#

    ,$$/8 ru--er8 $tt$n8 "ilk8 pr$tein"8en5%&e"8 an/ ellul$"e are alle9a&ple" $! p$l%&er"

    • A 2i/e 0ariet% $! "%nt*eti p$l%&er"*a0e -een pr$/u e/8 largel% !r$&petr$leu& -a"e/ ra2 &aterial"#

    T*e"e in lu/e p$l%uret*ane8 te

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    C$&&$n P$l%&er"

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    C$&&$n P$l%$le'n"Monomer Polymer

    EthyleneH3C

    CH 3n

    Repeat unitPolyethylene

    CH 3CH 3

    n

    CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3CH 3Propylene

    Polypropylene

    PhCH 3

    n

    Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph PhPhStyrene

    Polystyrene

    ClCH 3

    nCl Cl Cl Cl Cl ClCl

    Vinyl ChloridePoly(vinyl chloride)

    F2C CF 2

    TetrafluoroethyleneF3C

    F2C

    CF2

    F2C

    CF2

    F2C

    CF2

    F2C

    CF2

    F2C

    CF2

    F2C

    CF2

    CF 3n

    Poly(tetrafluoroethylene): Teflon

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    P$l%e"ter"8 A&i/e"8 an/Uret*ane"

    Monomer Polymer

    CO 2HHO 2C HOOH

    O OHO O

    H2C

    H2C O

    nTerephthalicacid

    Ethyleneglycol

    Poly(ethylene terephthalateH

    Ester

    HO OH

    O O

    4 H2N NH 24Adipic A cid 1,6-Diaminohexane Nylon 6,6

    HO NH

    NH

    H

    O O

    4 4n

    CO 2HHO 2C

    Terephthalicacid

    NH 2H2N

    1,4-Diaminobenzene

    Kevlar

    O

    HO

    OHN

    HN H

    n

    Amide

    HOOH

    Ethyleneglycol

    H2COCN NCO

    4,4-diisocyantophenylmethane Spandex

    H2C

    HN

    HN

    O

    HO

    O

    O

    H2C

    H2C O H

    nUrethane linkage

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    =atural P$l%&er"Monomer Polymer

    Isoprenen

    Polyisoprene:Natural rubber

    O

    H

    HO

    H

    HO

    H

    HOHH OH

    OH

    Poly(ß-D-glycoside):cellulose

    O

    H

    O

    H

    HO

    H

    HOHH OH

    OH

    H

    n

    ß-D-glucose

    H3N

    O

    O

    RPolyamino acid:protein

    H3N

    OHN

    R1

    OHN

    Rn+1

    O

    OH

    Rn+2n

    Amino Acid

    BaseO

    OH

    OP

    O

    O

    O

    oligonucleic acidDNA

    NucleotideBase = C, G, T, A

    BaseO

    O

    OP

    O

    O

    O

    DNA

    DNA

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    Plas&i%s Re%"%lin* -o)e a

    Number

    ;

    4

    >

    ?@

    Letters

    PETE -

    HDPE

    + $r P+C

    LDPEPP

    PS

    OTHER

    Plastic

    P$l%(et*%lene terep*t*alate)

    Hig*3/en"it% p$l%et*%lene

    P$l%(0in%l *l$ri/e)

    L$23/en"it% p$l%et*%leneP$l%pr$p%lene

    P$l%"t%rene

    Ot*er" $r &i9e/ pla"ti "

    /$pte/ -% t*e S$ iet% $! t*e Pla"ti " ln/u"tr% (SPI)#ET i" t*e &$re 2i/el% a epte/ a--re0iati$n#

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    P$l%&er Re % ling C$/e"C$&&$n *$u"e*$l/ p$l%&er"

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    Pol"mers• T*e nu&-er $/e in/i ate" t*e p$l%&er

    t%pe

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    P$l%&er"

    • T%pe" $! "%nt*eti an/ natural p$l%&er"#

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    Polymer%Polymer & 'aterial% are made $p of many (poly) identi!al !hemi!al $nit%(mer%) that are oined together to !on%tr$!t giant mole!$le%.

    Plastics deforma*le, !ompo%ed of polymer% pl$% additi e%. E.g. a arietyof film%, !oating%, fi*er%, adhe%i e%, and foam%. 'o%t are di%ting$i%hed *ytheir !hemi!al form and !ompo%ition.

    +he propertie% of polymer% i% related to their structures , hi!h in t$rn,depend $pon the chemical composition . 'any of the%e mole!$le% !ontain*a!-*one% of carbon atom%, they are $%$ally !alled organic mole!$le%and the !hemi%try of their formation i% ta$ght a% organi! !hemi%try.

    +he mo%t !ommon type% of polymer% are light eight, di%po%a*le, material%for $%e at lo temperat$re%. 'any of the%e are re!y!la*le. /$t polymer% areal%o $%ed in te0tile fi*er%, non %ti!- or !hemi!ally re%i%tant !oating%,adhe%i e fa%tening%, *$lletproof indo % and e%t%, and %o on.

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    Polymer%

    Pol"mer 1 Material" are &a/e up $! &an% (p$l%)i/enti al *e&i al unit" (&er") t*at are $ine/ t$get*ert$ $n"tru t *ian& &$le ule"#-ar(on 7 s 2 2s 2 2# 2 It *a" !$ur ele tr$n" in it" $uter&$"t "*ell8 an/ nee/" !$ur &$re t$&ake a $&plete "ta-le $r-ital# It /$e" t*i" -% !$r&ing $0alent-$n/"8 up t$ ? $! 2*i * an -e !$r&e/#

    T*e -$n/" an -e eit*er "ingle -$n/"8 ie $ne ele tr$n /$nate/ -%ea * parti ipating ele&ent8 $r /$u-le -$n/" (4 e 3 !r$& ea *)8 $rtriple -$n/" (> !r$& ea *)

    C X1X2

    X4

    X4

    . i an -e an% entit% e9 H8 O8 an$t*er C8 $r e0en a "i&ilar &$n$&er

    C X1X2

    X4

    X4

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    Polymer% – many repeating $nit%

    C X1X2

    X4

    X4 + C X1X2

    X4

    X4 +…

    CCCC CAn/ "$ $n i! t*e -$n/" an keep getting !$r&e/8 entire "tring3like

    "tru ture" ("tran/"8 $r *ain") $! t*e repeating unit" are reate/# Ci" t*e &$"t $&&$n ele&ent in p$l%&er"# O a"i$nall%8 Si &a%

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    4;

    P$l%&er"• Large &$le ule" -uilt up -% repetiti0e -$n/ing

    t$get*er $! monomers

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    44

    Dra2ing P$l%&er"• In/i ate repeating unit in parent*e"e"

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    4>

    P$l%&er C$&p$"iti$nM$"t p$l%&er" are *%/r$ ar-$n" i#e#8 &a/e up $! H an/ C• Saturate/ *%/r$ ar-$n"

    – Ea * ar-$n "ingl% -$n/e/ t$ !$ur $t*erat$&"

    – E9a&ple1• Et*ane8 C 4H

    C C

    H

    H HH

    HH

    H d b M l l

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    24

    Hydrocarbon Molecules

    Unsaturated: Double and triple bondsCnH2n C nH2n-2

    eg., Ethylene Acethylene

    CH 2=CH 2 CH ≡ CH

    C2H4 C2H2

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    Un"aturate/ H%/r$ ar-$n"

    • D$u-le triple -$n/" relati0el% rea ti0e an !$r& ne2-$n/" – D$u-le -$n/ et*%lene $r et*ene 3 C nH4n

    C C

    H

    H

    H

    H

    C C HH

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    2

    !aturated: single bonds

    eg., CH 4,C 2H , C "H#

    CnH2n$2

    %so&eris&: n-butane %sobutane!traight chain 'ranched chain

    Hydrocarbon Molecules

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    4

    I"$&eri"&• I"$&eri"&

    – t2$ $&p$un/" 2it* "a&e *e&i al !$r&ulaan *a0e Guite /i erent "tru ture"

    !$r e9a&ple1 C H;

    • n$r&al3$ tane

    • 48?3/i&et*%l*e9ane

    C C C C C C C CH

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H

    H H#C CH 2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH#1

    H#C CH

    CH #CH 2 CH

    CH 2

    CH #

    CH #

    H#C CH 2 CH#( )

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    2#!ource: (illia& Callister )th

    edition, chapter *4, page 4+", table *4.2

    Hydrocarbon Molecules

    -C H

    -CH

    H-C

    P l M l l

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    2+

    /igantic: 0acro&olecules0ono&er: ne unit

    1oly&er 0any units

    eg., one unit

    Polymer Molecules

    P l M l l ti

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    "

    13 E: 3E 5 6

    1olytetra7luoro ethylene

    0er

    Polymer Molecules continue…

    P l M l l ti

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    "*

    Polymer Molecules continue…

    18C: 8inyl1oly9inyl chloride

    1olypropylene:

    0er

    0er

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    "2

    Polymer molecules

    Ho&opoly&er: epeating units o7 the chain are o7 the

    sa&e type

    Co-poly&er: 3 o or &ore di77erent &er units.

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    All t*e "a&e &$n$&er

    • M$n$&er" all"a&e t%pe (A)

    • A J A J A J A • 3A3A3A3A3• eg poly(ethene)

    polychloroethenePVC

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    Di erent &$n$&er"

    • M$n$&er" $! t2$/i erent t%pe" AJ B

    • A J B J A J B• 3A3B3A3B3• eg p$l%a&i/e"• p$l%e"ter"

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    C$3p$l%&er"

    • C$ p$l%&er" are &a/e !r$& t*an $ne&$n$&er

    • Man% natural p$l%&er" are$p$l%&er"# $r e9a&ple8 pr$tein"

    are $n/en"ati$n p$l%&er" !$r&e/ -% $ining a" &an% a" 4 /i erent

    a&in$ a i/"

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    C$p$l%&er"

    • C$p$l%&er" are like p$l%&er all$%"#Di erent &er" are $ine/ t$ !$r& a&i9ture in t*e -a k-$ne8 eg# ABS#

    • t*e% an -e tail$re/ t$ $-tain"pe i' pr$pertie"#

    P l l l i

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    ")

    Polymer molecules continue

    'i7unctional: 3 o ;2< acti9e bonds

    3ri7unctional: 3hree ;"< acti9e bonds

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    >

    C*e&i"tr% an/ Stru ture $!P$l%et*%lene

    Adapted from Fig.14.1, Callister &Rethwisch 8e.

    3ote& polyethylene i% a long !hain hydro!ar*on paraffin a0 for !andle% i% %hort polyethylene

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    >

    Bulk $r C$&&$/it% P$l%&er"

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    ?

    Bulk $r C$&&$/it% P$l%&er" ( $nt)

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    ?;

    Bulk or Commodity Polymers (cont)

    Illus&ra&ion

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    Illus&ra&ion

    = 2 " ' r o o > s ?

    C o l e , a

    d i 9 i s i o n o 7

    3 h o & s o n

    5 e a r n i n g ,

    % n c .

    3 h o & s o n

    5 e a r n i n g

    @ i s

    a t r a d e & a r

    > u s e d

    h e r e i n u n

    d e r l

    i c e n s e .

    a) -) > /i&en"i$nal&$/el"8

    ) I" a "i&pler 43D

    -a k-$ne

    "i/e3gr$up

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    C*ain C$n!$r&ati$n"

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    ??

    An ient P$l%&er"

    • Originall% natural p$l%&er" 2ere u"e/ – ,$$/ Ru--er – C$tt$n ,$$l – Leat*er Silk

    • Ol/e"t kn$2n u"e" – Ru--er -all" u"e/ -% In a" – =$a* u"e/ pit * (a natural p$l%&er)

    !$r t*e ark

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    P$l%&er Cla""i' ati$nP$l%&er" are $&&$nl% la""i'e/ -a"e/

    $n t*eir un/erl%ing &$le ular "tru ture#

    P$l%&er"

    Ela"t$&er" T*er&$"et" T*er&$pla"ti "

    Cr%"talline A&$rp*$u"

    -lasses o$ Pol"mers

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    lasses o$ Pol mersThermo#las&i%s'

    C$n"i"t $!

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    ?

    Se ti$nCla""i' ati$n $! P$l%&er"

    Linear p$l%&er 3 An% p$l%&er in 2*i * &$le ule"are in t*e !$r& $! "pag*etti3like *ain"#

    T*er&$pla"ti " 3 Linear $r -ran *e/ p$l%&er" in2*i * *ain" $! &$le ule" are n$t inter $nne te/ t$$ne an$t*er#

    T*er&$"etting p$l%&er" 3 P$l%&er" t*at are *ea0il%r$""3linke/ t$ pr$/u e a "tr$ng t*ree /i&en"i$nal

    net2$rk "tru ture#Ela"t$&er" 3 T*e"e are p$l%&er" (t*er&$pla"ti " $r

    lig*tl% r$""3linke/ t*er&$"et") t*at *a0e an ela"ti/e!$r&ati$n N 4 #

    h e r e

    i n u n d e r

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    ?

    = 2 " ' r o o > s ?

    C o l e , a

    d i 9 i s i o n o 7

    3 h o & s o n

    5 e a r n i n g , %

    n c .

    3 h o & s o n

    5 e a r n i n g @

    i s a

    t r a d e & a r

    > u s e d

    h

    l i c e n s e .

    igure ;@#; S *e&ati "*$2ing linear an/ -ran *e/ p$l%&er"# =$te t*at -ran *ing an $ ur in an% t%pe $! p$l%&er (e#g#8t*er&$pla"ti "8 t*er&$"et"8 an/ ela"t$&er")# (a) Linear un-ran *e/ p$l%&er1 n$ti e *ain" are n$t "traig*t line" an/ n$t $nne te/#Di erent p$l%&er *ain" are "*$2n u"ing /i erent "*a/e" an/ /e"ign t$ "*$2 learl% t*at ea * *ain i" n$t $nne te/ t$ an$t*er# (-)Linear -ran *e/ p$l%&er1 *ain" are n$t $nne te/8 *$2e0er t*e% *a0e -ran *e"# ( ) T*er&$"et p$l%&er 2it*$ut -ran *ing1 *ain"are $nne te/ t$ $ne an$t*er -% $0alent -$n/" -ut t*e% /$ n$t *a0e -ran *e"# $ining p$int" are *ig*lig*te/ 2it* "$li/ ir le"8 (/)

    T*er&$"et p$l%&er t*at *a" -ran *e" an/ *ain" t*at are inter $nne te/ 0ia $0alent -$n/"# Di erent *ain" an/ -ran *e" are "*$2nin /i erent "*a/e" !$r -etter $ntra"t# Pla e" 2*ere *ain" are a tuall% *e&i all% -$n/e/ are "*$2n 2it* 'lle/ ir le"#

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    T%pe" $! P$l%&er"• P$l%&er Cla""i' ati$n"

    – T*er&$"et1 r$""3linke/ p$l%&er t*at ann$t -e &elte/(tire"8 ru--er -an/")

    – T*er&$pla"ti 1 Melta-le pla"ti

    – Ela"t$&er"1 P$l%&er" t*at "tret * an/ t*en return t$t*eir $riginal !$r&1 $!ten t*er&$"et p$l%&er" – T*er&$pla"ti ela"t$&er"1 Ela"ti p$l%&er" t*at an -e

    &elte/ ("$le" $! tenni" "*$e")• P$l%&er a&ilie"

    – P$l%$le'n"1 &a/e !r$& $le'n (alkene) &$n$&er" – P$l%e"ter"8 A&i/e"8 Uret*ane"8 et #1 &$n$&er" linke/

    -% e"ter8 a&i/e8 uret*ane $r $t*er !un ti$nal gr$up" – =atural P$l%&er"1 P$l%"a *ari/e"8 D=A8 pr$tein"

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    +ype% of Polymer%

    5

    M i C $ i " $!

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    Main Categ$rie" $!P$l%&er"1• Pla"ti "1

    – T*er&$pla"ti " an -e re&elte/1• Engineere/ T*er&$pla"ti "

    • C$&&$/it% T*er&$pla"ti " – T*er&$"etting Pla"ti " an n$t -e

    re&elte/• Engineere/ T*er&$"et"• C$&&$/it% T*er&$"et"

    • Ela"t$&er"1 – T*er&$"et" an/ t*er&$pla"ti QQ

    1

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    T*er&$pla"ti "O!ten re!erre/ t$ a" u"t Plastics 7 are linear $r-ran *e/ p$l%&er" 2*i * "$!ten up$n *eating#

    T*e% an -e &$ul/e/ (an/ re&$ul/e/) int$0irtuall% an% "*ape

    – in e ti$n &$ul/ing8 e9tru"i$n

    an/ $n"titute t*e large"t p$rti$n" $! t*e p$l%&er"u"e/ in in/u"tr%

    T*er&$pla"ti " ne0er a *ie0e ; r%"tallinit%8-ut in"tea/ are semi%r"s&alline 2it* -$t*%r"s&alline an/ amor#hous /$&ain"#

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    T*er&$pla"ti " ( )

    • =$ r$"" link" -et2een *ain"#

    • Can *ange "*ape#• Can -e re&$ul/e/#

    $

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    T*er&$pla"ti " T*e %r"s&alline p*a"e" $! "u * p$l%&er" are

    *ara teri5e/ -% t*eir melting temperature9Tm : #Man% t*er&$pla"ti " are $&pletel% amor#hous an/ in apa-le $! r%"talli5ati$n8 t*e"e a&$rp*$u"p$l%&er" (an/ a&$rp*$u" p*a"e" $!"e&i r%"talline p$l%&er") are *ara teri5e/ -%t*eir glass transition temperature 9T* : #

    – t*e te&perature at 2*i * t*e% tran"!$r& a-ruptl%

    !r$& t*e glassy state (*ar/) t$ t*e rubbery state ("$!t)#

    $ l

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    T*er&$pla"ti "

    la"" tran"iti$n te&perature (T g) T*i" tran"iti$n $rre"p$n/" t$ t*e$n"et $! *ain &$ti$n

    •-el$2 t*e T g t*e p$l%&er *ain" areuna-le t$ &$0e an/ are !r$5en7 inp$"iti$n#

    B$t* T g an/ T & in rea"e 2it* in rea"ing*ain "ti ne"" an/ in rea"ing !$r e" $!inter&$le ular attra ti$n

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    @

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    @

    = 2 " ' r o o > s ?

    C o l e , a

    d i 9 i s i o n

    o 7 3 h o & s o n

    5 e a r n i n g , %

    n c .

    3 h o & s o n

    5 e a r n i n g @ i s a

    t r a d e & a r

    > u s e d

    h e r e

    i n u n

    d e r l

    i c e n s e .

    igure ;@#4 T*ree 2a%"t$ repre"ent t*e"tru ture $!p$l%et*%lene1 (a) a "$li/t*ree3/i&en"i$nal&$/el8 (-) a t*ree3/i&en"i$nal "pa e7&$/el8 an/ ( ) a "i&plet2$3/i&en"i$nal &$/el#

    e .

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    @

    = 2 " ' r o o > s ?

    C o l e , a

    d i 9 i s i o n o 7

    3 h o & s o n

    5 e a r n i n g , %

    n c .

    3 h o & s o n

    5 e a r n i n g

    @ i s

    a t r a d e & a r

    > u s e d

    h e r e

    i n u n

    d e r l

    i c e n s e

    igure ;@#> T2$ 2a%" t$ repre"ent t*e -en5ene ring# In t*i" a"e8t*e -en5ene ring i" "*$2n atta *e/ t$ a pair $! ar-$n at$&"8pr$/u ing "t%rene#

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    C$&&$/it% T*er&$pla"ti "

    • C$&&$/it%1 P$l%et*%lene (PE)8 P$l%"t%rene(PS)8 P$l%pr$p%lene (PP)8 P$l%0in%l C*l$ri/e(P+C $r 0in%l) $! all t*er&$pla"ti "QQ

    • Al"$8 St%rene A r%l$nitrile (SA=) t*e$p$l%&er 2e te"te/ in la-• l$2" at ele0ate/ te&perature"#• Ha" a gla"" tran"iti$n te&perature#• L$ng p$l%&er *ain"• Can -e re&elte/ an/ re % le/#

    6

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    Engineering T*er&$pla"ti "

    • Engineering Pla"ti "1 P$l% ar-$nate(PC)8 A r%l$nitrile3-uta/iene3"t%rene(ABS)8 P$l%a&i/e (=%l$n"8 PA)

    • Engineere/ pla"ti " a $unt !$ra-$ut ; $! all pla"ti u"age#

    • enerall% *a0e *ig*er ten"ile"trengt* an/ el$ngati$n t*an

    $&&$/it% pla"ti "

    5

    T* &$" "

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    T*er&$"et"Thermose&s 3 n$r&all% rigi/ &aterial" 3network polymers in 2*i * *ain &$ti$ni" greatl% re"tri te/ -% a *ig* /egree $!

    r$""linking

    A" 2it* elastomers 8 t*e% are intra ta-le$n e !$r&e/ an/ /egra/e rat*er t*an&elt up$n t*e appli ati$n $! *eat#

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    T*er&$"et"

    • Cr$""3linking !$r&e/ -%

    $0alent -$n/"#• B$n/" pre0ent *ain" &$0ing

    relati0e t$ ea * $t*er#

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    T*er&$"etting Pla"ti "

    • P$l%uret*ane8 P*en$li "8 "ili $ne"8urea"

    • Ten/ t$ -e "tr$ng -ut -rittle• M$le ule" r$""3linke/• Can n$t -e re&elte/ $r repr$ e""e/

    #

    El "t$& "

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    Ela"t$&er"Elas&omers 3 r$""linke/ ru--er%p$l%&er" 3 rubber networks 3 t*at an -eea"il% "tret *e/ t$ *ig* e9ten"i$n" ( >9 t$; 9 $riginal /i&en"i$n") – t*e ru--er% p$l%&er *ain" -e $&e

    e9ten/e/ up$n /e!$r&ati$n -ut arepre0ente/ !r$& per&anent

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    Ela"t$&er"

    • But%l8 natural ru--er (p$l%i"$prene)8EPDM8 ne$prene8 nitrile8 et ##

    • C*ara teri5e/ -% *ig* /e!$r&ati$n(e9tre&el%

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    Bi$/egra/a le P$l%&er T*e"e p$l%&er" an -e -r$ken int$ "&all "eg&ent" -%en5%&e3 atal%5e/ rea ti$n"

    De"ign Material" Sele ti$n !$r P$l%&er

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    De ign Material Sele ti$n !$r P$l%&erC$&p$nent"

    De"ign t*e t%pe $! p$l%&er &aterial %$u &ig*t "ele t !$rt*e !$ll$2ing appli ati$n"1 a "urge$nF" gl$0e8 a -e0erage

    $ntainer an/ a pulle%#

    E9a&ple

    T*e gl$0e &u"t -e apa-le $! "tret *ing a great /ealin $r/er t$ "lip $nt$ t*e "urge$nF" *an/# T*i"

    reGuire&ent /e" ri-e" an ela"t$&er #

    A t*er&$pla"ti "u * a" p$l%et*%lene terep*t*alate (PET) 2ill *a0e t*e ne e""ar% !$r&a-ilit% an/ /u tilit%

    nee/e/ !$r t*i" appli ati$n# A relati0el% "tr$ng8 rigi/8 *ar/ &aterial i" reGuire/ t$

    pre0ent 2ear8 "$ a t*er&$"etting p$l%&er &ig*t -e&$"t appr$priate#

    In)us&rial Pol"mers

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    a. The 4orl) %onsum#&ion o$ s"n&he&i% #ol"mers' !0 million me&ri% &ons #er "ear.

    ;) Pla"ti " 1 @4) i-er" 1 ;>) S%nt*eti ru--er 1 ;;

    ?) C$ating an/ A/*e"i0e" 1 ;@

    (.S&"rene5(u&a)iene %o#ol"mer

    S%nt*eti ru--er8 PET i-er(p$l%e"ter)

    Late9 paint Pla"ti (-$ttle)

    In)us&rial Pol mers

    Plas&i%s

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    ;) C$&&$/it% pla"ti "LDPE8 HDPE8 PP8 P+C8 PS !) Ta-le ;#?

    4) Engineering pla"ti "A etal8 P$l%a&i/e8 P$l%a&i/ei&i/e8

    P$l%ar%late8P$l%-en5i&i/a5$le8 et # !) Ta-le ;#@

    >) T*er&$"etting pla"ti " P*en$l3!$r&al/e*%/e8 Urea3!$r&al/e*%/e8

    Un"aturate/ p$l%e"ter8 Ep$9%8Mela&ine3!$r&al/e*%/e!) Ta-le ;#

    ?) un ti$nal pla"ti "Opti "8 Bi$&aterial8 et #

    Plas&i%s

    -ommo)i&" Plas&i%

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    Type Abbreviation Major Uses

    23/en"it% p$l%et*%lene

    ig*3/en"it%$l%et*%lene

    $l%pr$p%lene

    $l%(0in%l *l$ri/e)

    $l%"t%rene

    LDPE

    HDPE

    PP

    P+C

    PS

    Pa kaging 'l&8 2ire an/ a-le in"ulati$n8 t$%"8

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    Prin%i#al En*ineerin* Plas&i%s

    Type Abbreviation

    A etal aP$l%a&i/e -P$l%a&i/ei&i/eP$l%ar%lateP$l%-en5i&i/a5$leP$lt ar-$nateP$l%e"eterP$l%et*eret*erket$neP$l%et*eri&i/eP$l%i&i/eP$l%(p*en%lene $9i/e)P$l%(p*en%lene "ul'/e)P$l%"ul!$ne /

    POM

    PAI

    PBIPC

    PEEK PEIPIPPOPPS

    TABLE .; Prin%i#al Thermose&&in* Plas&i%s

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    P*en$l3!$r&al/e*%/e

    Urea3!$r&al/e*%/e

    n"aturate/ p$l%e"ter

    Ep$9%

    ela&ine3!$r&al/e*%/e

    Ele tri al an/ ele tr$ni eGuip&ent8 aut$&$-ile part"8 uten"il *an/le"8 pl%2$$/ a/*e"i0e"8 parti le -$ar/ -in/erSi&ilar t$ P p$l%&er al"$ treat&ent $! te9tile"8 $ating"

    C$n"tru ti$n8 aut$&$-ile part"8 -$at *ull"8 &arine a e""$rie"8 $rr$"i$n3re"i"tant /u ting8 pipe8 tank"8 et #8 -u"ine"" eGuip&entPr$te ti0e $ating"8 a/*e"i0e"8 ele tri al an/ ele tr$ni " appli ati$n"8 in/u"trial

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    : -ellulosi% 1

    A etate ra%$n8 +i" $"e ra%$n

    2: Non%ellulosi% 1

    P$l%e"ter8 =%l$n(=%l$n 8 8 =%l$n 8 et )Ole'n

    (PP8 C$p$l%&er(P+C @ JPA= an/ $t*er" ;@vinyon ))

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    : Na&ural ru((er 1

    cis 3p$l%i"$prene

    2: S"n&he&i% ru((er 1

    St%rene3-uta/iene8 P$l%-uta/iene8Et*%lene3pr$p%lene(EPDM)8 P$l% *l$r$prene8

    P$l%i"$prene8=itrile8 But%l8 Sili $ne8 Uret*ane

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    Prin%i#al S"n&he&i% i(ers

    Description

    Cellul$"e a etateRegenerate/ ellul$"e

    Prin ipall% p$l%(et*%lene terep*t*alate)In lu/e" n%l$n 8 n%l$n 8 an/ a 0ariet% $! $t*eralip*ati an/

    ar$&ati p$l%a&i/e"In lu/e" p$l%pr$p%lene an/ $p$l%&er" $! 0in%l

    *l$ri/e8 2it*le""er a&$unt" $! a r%l$nitrile8 0in%l a etate8 $r0in%li/ene

    *l$ri/e ( $p$l%&er" $n"i"ting $! &$re t*an @0in%l

    *l$ri/e are alle/ vinyon '-er")C$ntain at lea"t a r%l$nitrile in lu/e/ are

    Type

    Cellul$"i A etate ra%$n +i" $"e ra%$n=$n ellul$"i

    P$l%e"ter =%l$n

    Ole'n

    A r%li

    -oa&in* an) A)hesi1es

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    -oa&in an) A)hesi1es

    : -oa&in* 1

    La Guer8 +ani"*e"8 Paint (Oil $r Late9)8 Late9

    2: A)hesi1es 1

    S$l0ent -a"e/8 H$t &elt8 Pre""ure "en"iti0e8et #

    A r%late8 Ep$9%8 Uret*ane8 C%an$a r%late

    Prin%i#al T"#es o$ S"n&he&i% Ru((er

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    Type

    S&"rene5(u&a)iene

    Pol"(u&a)iene

    E&h"lene5 #ro#"lene

    Pol"%hloro#rene

    Pol"iso#reneNi&rile

    Bu&"l

    Sili%one

    re&hane

    Description

    C$p$l%&er $! t*e t2$ &$n$&er" in 0ari$u" pr$p$rti$n" /epen/ing

    pr$pertie" /e"ire/ alle/ SBR !$r "t%rene3-uta/iene ru--erC$n"i"t" al&$"t entirel% $! t*e cis- ;8? p$l%&er

    O!ten a--re0iate/ EPDM !$r et*%lene3pr$p%lene3/iene &$n$&er &a/e up prin ipall% $! et*%lene an/ pr$p%lene unit" 2it* "&all a $! a /iene t$ pr$0i/e un"aturati$n

    Prin ipall% t*e trans- ;8?p$l%&er8 -ut al"$ "$&e cis- ;8? an/ ;84 p$l al"$ kn$2n a" neoprene ru--er

    Mainl% t*e cis- ;8? p$l%&er "$&eti&e" alle/ "%nt*eti natural ruC$p$l%&er $! a r%l$nitrile an/ -uta/iene8 &ainl% t*e latter

    C$p$l%ner $! i"$-ut%lene an/ i"$prene8 2it* $nl% "&all a&$unt" $!Latter

    C$ntain" in$rgani -a k-$ne $! alternating $9%gen an/ &et*%late at$&" al"$ alle/ p$l%"il$9ane (C*ap# ;@)Ela"t$&er" prepare/ -% linking p$l%et*er" t*r$ug* uret*ane gr$up