Bab 1 Kimia Polimer
Transcript of Bab 1 Kimia Polimer
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KIMIA POLIMER(POLYMER CHEMISTRY)
Disusun olehIr. Roosmariharso, MBA
POLITEKNIK STMI JAKARTA
20 !
Buku Diktat(Untuk keperluan penga aran)
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Da!tar I"i
I# P$l%&er De'niti$n" Cla""i' ati$nII# P$l%&er S%nt*e"i"III# P$l%&er Stru tureI+# M$le ular ,eig*t De'niti$n" Di"tri-uti$n+# P$l%&er M$rp*$l$g%+I#+i" $ it%
+II#P$l%&er Pr$pertie"+III#P$l%&er R*e$l$g%I.#P$l%&er A//iti0e"
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I#P$l%&er De'niti$n Cla""i' ati$n
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P$l%&er"1 Intr$/u ti$n• P$l%&er1 Hig* &$le ular 2eig*t &$le ule &a/e
up $! a "&all repeat unit (&$n$&er)# – A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A
•M$n$&er1 L$2 &$le ular 2eig*t $&p$un/ t*atan -e $nne te/ t$get*er t$ gi0e a p$%&er
• Olig$&er1 S*$rt p$l%&er *ain• C$p$l%&er1 p$l%&er &a/e up $! 4 $r &$re
&$n$&er" – Ran/$& $p$l%&er1 A3B3B3A3A3B3A3B3A3B3B3B3A3A3B – Alternating $p$l%&er1 A3B3A3B3A3B3A3B3A3B3A3B3A3B – Bl$ k $p$l%&er1 A3A3A3A3A3A3A3A3B3B3B3B3B3B3B3B
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IUPAC De'niti$n• A p$l%&er i" a "u-"tan e $&p$"e/
$! &$le ule" *ara teri5e/ -% t*e&ultiple repetiti$n $! $ne $r &$re"pe ie" $! at$&" $r gr$up" $! at$&"( $n"tituti$nal repeating unit")linke/ t$ ea * $t*er in a&$unt""u6 ient t$ pr$0i/e a "et $!
pr$pertie" t*at /$ n$t 0ar%&arke/l% 2it* t*e a//iti$n $! $ne $ra !e2 $! t*e $n"tituti$nal repeatingunit"#7
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A. T"#es o$ Nomen%la&ure a. Sour%e name ' &o (e (ase) on names o$
%orres#on)in* monomer
P$l%et*%lene8 P$l%(0in%l *l$ri/e)8P$l%(et*%lene $9i/e)
(. I PA- name ' &o (e (ase) on -R , s"s&ema&i%name
P$l%(&et*%lene)8 P$l%(;3 *l$r$et*%lene)8P$l%($9%et*%lene)
%. un%&ional *rou# name ' A%oor)in* &o name o$ $un%&ional *rou# in &he#ol"mer (a%/(one
Nomen%la&ure
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ra)e name ' The %ommer%ial names (" manu$a%&urer Te on, N"
((re1ia&ion name ' P -, PET
m#le3 an) Ne&4or/ #ol"mer ' Phenol5$ormal)eh")e #ol"mer
in"l #ol"mer ' Pol"ole6n
Nomen%la&ure
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C$&&$n P$l%&er"• P$l%&er" are $&&$n in nature#
,$$/8 ru--er8 $tt$n8 "ilk8 pr$tein"8en5%&e"8 an/ ellul$"e are alle9a&ple" $! p$l%&er"
• A 2i/e 0ariet% $! "%nt*eti p$l%&er"*a0e -een pr$/u e/8 largel% !r$&petr$leu& -a"e/ ra2 &aterial"#
T*e"e in lu/e p$l%uret*ane8 te
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C$&&$n P$l%&er"
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C$&&$n P$l%$le'n"Monomer Polymer
EthyleneH3C
CH 3n
Repeat unitPolyethylene
CH 3CH 3
n
CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 3CH 3Propylene
Polypropylene
PhCH 3
n
Ph Ph Ph Ph Ph PhPhStyrene
Polystyrene
ClCH 3
nCl Cl Cl Cl Cl ClCl
Vinyl ChloridePoly(vinyl chloride)
F2C CF 2
TetrafluoroethyleneF3C
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
F2C
CF2
CF 3n
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene): Teflon
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P$l%e"ter"8 A&i/e"8 an/Uret*ane"
Monomer Polymer
CO 2HHO 2C HOOH
O OHO O
H2C
H2C O
nTerephthalicacid
Ethyleneglycol
Poly(ethylene terephthalateH
Ester
HO OH
O O
4 H2N NH 24Adipic A cid 1,6-Diaminohexane Nylon 6,6
HO NH
NH
H
O O
4 4n
CO 2HHO 2C
Terephthalicacid
NH 2H2N
1,4-Diaminobenzene
Kevlar
O
HO
OHN
HN H
n
Amide
HOOH
Ethyleneglycol
H2COCN NCO
4,4-diisocyantophenylmethane Spandex
H2C
HN
HN
O
HO
O
O
H2C
H2C O H
nUrethane linkage
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=atural P$l%&er"Monomer Polymer
Isoprenen
Polyisoprene:Natural rubber
O
H
HO
H
HO
H
HOHH OH
OH
Poly(ß-D-glycoside):cellulose
O
H
O
H
HO
H
HOHH OH
OH
H
n
ß-D-glucose
H3N
O
O
RPolyamino acid:protein
H3N
OHN
R1
OHN
Rn+1
O
OH
Rn+2n
Amino Acid
BaseO
OH
OP
O
O
O
oligonucleic acidDNA
NucleotideBase = C, G, T, A
BaseO
O
OP
O
O
O
DNA
DNA
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Plas&i%s Re%"%lin* -o)e a
Number
;
4
>
?@
Letters
PETE -
HDPE
+ $r P+C
LDPEPP
PS
OTHER
Plastic
P$l%(et*%lene terep*t*alate)
Hig*3/en"it% p$l%et*%lene
P$l%(0in%l *l$ri/e)
L$23/en"it% p$l%et*%leneP$l%pr$p%lene
P$l%"t%rene
Ot*er" $r &i9e/ pla"ti "
/$pte/ -% t*e S$ iet% $! t*e Pla"ti " ln/u"tr% (SPI)#ET i" t*e &$re 2i/el% a epte/ a--re0iati$n#
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P$l%&er Re % ling C$/e"C$&&$n *$u"e*$l/ p$l%&er"
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Pol"mers• T*e nu&-er $/e in/i ate" t*e p$l%&er
t%pe
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P$l%&er"
• T%pe" $! "%nt*eti an/ natural p$l%&er"#
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Polymer%Polymer & 'aterial% are made $p of many (poly) identi!al !hemi!al $nit%(mer%) that are oined together to !on%tr$!t giant mole!$le%.
Plastics deforma*le, !ompo%ed of polymer% pl$% additi e%. E.g. a arietyof film%, !oating%, fi*er%, adhe%i e%, and foam%. 'o%t are di%ting$i%hed *ytheir !hemi!al form and !ompo%ition.
+he propertie% of polymer% i% related to their structures , hi!h in t$rn,depend $pon the chemical composition . 'any of the%e mole!$le% !ontain*a!-*one% of carbon atom%, they are $%$ally !alled organic mole!$le%and the !hemi%try of their formation i% ta$ght a% organi! !hemi%try.
+he mo%t !ommon type% of polymer% are light eight, di%po%a*le, material%for $%e at lo temperat$re%. 'any of the%e are re!y!la*le. /$t polymer% areal%o $%ed in te0tile fi*er%, non %ti!- or !hemi!ally re%i%tant !oating%,adhe%i e fa%tening%, *$lletproof indo % and e%t%, and %o on.
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Polymer%
Pol"mer 1 Material" are &a/e up $! &an% (p$l%)i/enti al *e&i al unit" (&er") t*at are $ine/ t$get*ert$ $n"tru t *ian& &$le ule"#-ar(on 7 s 2 2s 2 2# 2 It *a" !$ur ele tr$n" in it" $uter&$"t "*ell8 an/ nee/" !$ur &$re t$&ake a $&plete "ta-le $r-ital# It /$e" t*i" -% !$r&ing $0alent-$n/"8 up t$ ? $! 2*i * an -e !$r&e/#
T*e -$n/" an -e eit*er "ingle -$n/"8 ie $ne ele tr$n /$nate/ -%ea * parti ipating ele&ent8 $r /$u-le -$n/" (4 e 3 !r$& ea *)8 $rtriple -$n/" (> !r$& ea *)
C X1X2
X4
X4
. i an -e an% entit% e9 H8 O8 an$t*er C8 $r e0en a "i&ilar &$n$&er
C X1X2
X4
X4
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Polymer% – many repeating $nit%
C X1X2
X4
X4 + C X1X2
X4
X4 +…
CCCC CAn/ "$ $n i! t*e -$n/" an keep getting !$r&e/8 entire "tring3like
"tru ture" ("tran/"8 $r *ain") $! t*e repeating unit" are reate/# Ci" t*e &$"t $&&$n ele&ent in p$l%&er"# O a"i$nall%8 Si &a%
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4;
P$l%&er"• Large &$le ule" -uilt up -% repetiti0e -$n/ing
t$get*er $! monomers
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Dra2ing P$l%&er"• In/i ate repeating unit in parent*e"e"
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4>
P$l%&er C$&p$"iti$nM$"t p$l%&er" are *%/r$ ar-$n" i#e#8 &a/e up $! H an/ C• Saturate/ *%/r$ ar-$n"
– Ea * ar-$n "ingl% -$n/e/ t$ !$ur $t*erat$&"
– E9a&ple1• Et*ane8 C 4H
C C
H
H HH
HH
H d b M l l
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Hydrocarbon Molecules
Unsaturated: Double and triple bondsCnH2n C nH2n-2
eg., Ethylene Acethylene
CH 2=CH 2 CH ≡ CH
C2H4 C2H2
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Un"aturate/ H%/r$ ar-$n"
• D$u-le triple -$n/" relati0el% rea ti0e an !$r& ne2-$n/" – D$u-le -$n/ et*%lene $r et*ene 3 C nH4n
C C
H
H
H
H
C C HH
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2
!aturated: single bonds
eg., CH 4,C 2H , C "H#
CnH2n$2
%so&eris&: n-butane %sobutane!traight chain 'ranched chain
Hydrocarbon Molecules
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4
I"$&eri"&• I"$&eri"&
– t2$ $&p$un/" 2it* "a&e *e&i al !$r&ulaan *a0e Guite /i erent "tru ture"
!$r e9a&ple1 C H;
• n$r&al3$ tane
• 48?3/i&et*%l*e9ane
C C C C C C C CH
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H H#C CH 2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH#1
H#C CH
CH #CH 2 CH
CH 2
CH #
CH #
H#C CH 2 CH#( )
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2#!ource: (illia& Callister )th
edition, chapter *4, page 4+", table *4.2
Hydrocarbon Molecules
-C H
-CH
H-C
P l M l l
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2+
/igantic: 0acro&olecules0ono&er: ne unit
1oly&er 0any units
eg., one unit
Polymer Molecules
P l M l l ti
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"
13 E: 3E 5 6
1olytetra7luoro ethylene
0er
Polymer Molecules continue…
P l M l l ti
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"*
Polymer Molecules continue…
18C: 8inyl1oly9inyl chloride
1olypropylene:
0er
0er
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"2
Polymer molecules
Ho&opoly&er: epeating units o7 the chain are o7 the
sa&e type
Co-poly&er: 3 o or &ore di77erent &er units.
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All t*e "a&e &$n$&er
• M$n$&er" all"a&e t%pe (A)
• A J A J A J A • 3A3A3A3A3• eg poly(ethene)
polychloroethenePVC
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Di erent &$n$&er"
• M$n$&er" $! t2$/i erent t%pe" AJ B
• A J B J A J B• 3A3B3A3B3• eg p$l%a&i/e"• p$l%e"ter"
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C$3p$l%&er"
• C$ p$l%&er" are &a/e !r$& t*an $ne&$n$&er
• Man% natural p$l%&er" are$p$l%&er"# $r e9a&ple8 pr$tein"
are $n/en"ati$n p$l%&er" !$r&e/ -% $ining a" &an% a" 4 /i erent
a&in$ a i/"
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C$p$l%&er"
• C$p$l%&er" are like p$l%&er all$%"#Di erent &er" are $ine/ t$ !$r& a&i9ture in t*e -a k-$ne8 eg# ABS#
• t*e% an -e tail$re/ t$ $-tain"pe i' pr$pertie"#
P l l l i
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")
Polymer molecules continue
'i7unctional: 3 o ;2< acti9e bonds
3ri7unctional: 3hree ;"< acti9e bonds
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>
C*e&i"tr% an/ Stru ture $!P$l%et*%lene
Adapted from Fig.14.1, Callister &Rethwisch 8e.
3ote& polyethylene i% a long !hain hydro!ar*on paraffin a0 for !andle% i% %hort polyethylene
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>
Bulk $r C$&&$/it% P$l%&er"
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?
Bulk $r C$&&$/it% P$l%&er" ( $nt)
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?;
Bulk or Commodity Polymers (cont)
Illus&ra&ion
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Illus&ra&ion
= 2 " ' r o o > s ?
C o l e , a
d i 9 i s i o n o 7
3 h o & s o n
5 e a r n i n g ,
% n c .
3 h o & s o n
5 e a r n i n g
@ i s
a t r a d e & a r
> u s e d
h e r e i n u n
d e r l
i c e n s e .
a) -) > /i&en"i$nal&$/el"8
) I" a "i&pler 43D
-a k-$ne
"i/e3gr$up
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C*ain C$n!$r&ati$n"
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??
An ient P$l%&er"
• Originall% natural p$l%&er" 2ere u"e/ – ,$$/ Ru--er – C$tt$n ,$$l – Leat*er Silk
• Ol/e"t kn$2n u"e" – Ru--er -all" u"e/ -% In a" – =$a* u"e/ pit * (a natural p$l%&er)
!$r t*e ark
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P$l%&er Cla""i' ati$nP$l%&er" are $&&$nl% la""i'e/ -a"e/
$n t*eir un/erl%ing &$le ular "tru ture#
P$l%&er"
Ela"t$&er" T*er&$"et" T*er&$pla"ti "
Cr%"talline A&$rp*$u"
-lasses o$ Pol"mers
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lasses o$ Pol mersThermo#las&i%s'
C$n"i"t $!
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?
Se ti$nCla""i' ati$n $! P$l%&er"
Linear p$l%&er 3 An% p$l%&er in 2*i * &$le ule"are in t*e !$r& $! "pag*etti3like *ain"#
T*er&$pla"ti " 3 Linear $r -ran *e/ p$l%&er" in2*i * *ain" $! &$le ule" are n$t inter $nne te/ t$$ne an$t*er#
T*er&$"etting p$l%&er" 3 P$l%&er" t*at are *ea0il%r$""3linke/ t$ pr$/u e a "tr$ng t*ree /i&en"i$nal
net2$rk "tru ture#Ela"t$&er" 3 T*e"e are p$l%&er" (t*er&$pla"ti " $r
lig*tl% r$""3linke/ t*er&$"et") t*at *a0e an ela"ti/e!$r&ati$n N 4 #
h e r e
i n u n d e r
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?
= 2 " ' r o o > s ?
C o l e , a
d i 9 i s i o n o 7
3 h o & s o n
5 e a r n i n g , %
n c .
3 h o & s o n
5 e a r n i n g @
i s a
t r a d e & a r
> u s e d
h
l i c e n s e .
igure ;@#; S *e&ati "*$2ing linear an/ -ran *e/ p$l%&er"# =$te t*at -ran *ing an $ ur in an% t%pe $! p$l%&er (e#g#8t*er&$pla"ti "8 t*er&$"et"8 an/ ela"t$&er")# (a) Linear un-ran *e/ p$l%&er1 n$ti e *ain" are n$t "traig*t line" an/ n$t $nne te/#Di erent p$l%&er *ain" are "*$2n u"ing /i erent "*a/e" an/ /e"ign t$ "*$2 learl% t*at ea * *ain i" n$t $nne te/ t$ an$t*er# (-)Linear -ran *e/ p$l%&er1 *ain" are n$t $nne te/8 *$2e0er t*e% *a0e -ran *e"# ( ) T*er&$"et p$l%&er 2it*$ut -ran *ing1 *ain"are $nne te/ t$ $ne an$t*er -% $0alent -$n/" -ut t*e% /$ n$t *a0e -ran *e"# $ining p$int" are *ig*lig*te/ 2it* "$li/ ir le"8 (/)
T*er&$"et p$l%&er t*at *a" -ran *e" an/ *ain" t*at are inter $nne te/ 0ia $0alent -$n/"# Di erent *ain" an/ -ran *e" are "*$2nin /i erent "*a/e" !$r -etter $ntra"t# Pla e" 2*ere *ain" are a tuall% *e&i all% -$n/e/ are "*$2n 2it* 'lle/ ir le"#
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T%pe" $! P$l%&er"• P$l%&er Cla""i' ati$n"
– T*er&$"et1 r$""3linke/ p$l%&er t*at ann$t -e &elte/(tire"8 ru--er -an/")
– T*er&$pla"ti 1 Melta-le pla"ti
– Ela"t$&er"1 P$l%&er" t*at "tret * an/ t*en return t$t*eir $riginal !$r&1 $!ten t*er&$"et p$l%&er" – T*er&$pla"ti ela"t$&er"1 Ela"ti p$l%&er" t*at an -e
&elte/ ("$le" $! tenni" "*$e")• P$l%&er a&ilie"
– P$l%$le'n"1 &a/e !r$& $le'n (alkene) &$n$&er" – P$l%e"ter"8 A&i/e"8 Uret*ane"8 et #1 &$n$&er" linke/
-% e"ter8 a&i/e8 uret*ane $r $t*er !un ti$nal gr$up" – =atural P$l%&er"1 P$l%"a *ari/e"8 D=A8 pr$tein"
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+ype% of Polymer%
5
M i C $ i " $!
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Main Categ$rie" $!P$l%&er"1• Pla"ti "1
– T*er&$pla"ti " an -e re&elte/1• Engineere/ T*er&$pla"ti "
• C$&&$/it% T*er&$pla"ti " – T*er&$"etting Pla"ti " an n$t -e
re&elte/• Engineere/ T*er&$"et"• C$&&$/it% T*er&$"et"
• Ela"t$&er"1 – T*er&$"et" an/ t*er&$pla"ti QQ
1
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T*er&$pla"ti "O!ten re!erre/ t$ a" u"t Plastics 7 are linear $r-ran *e/ p$l%&er" 2*i * "$!ten up$n *eating#
T*e% an -e &$ul/e/ (an/ re&$ul/e/) int$0irtuall% an% "*ape
– in e ti$n &$ul/ing8 e9tru"i$n
an/ $n"titute t*e large"t p$rti$n" $! t*e p$l%&er"u"e/ in in/u"tr%
T*er&$pla"ti " ne0er a *ie0e ; r%"tallinit%8-ut in"tea/ are semi%r"s&alline 2it* -$t*%r"s&alline an/ amor#hous /$&ain"#
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T*er&$pla"ti " ( )
• =$ r$"" link" -et2een *ain"#
• Can *ange "*ape#• Can -e re&$ul/e/#
$
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T*er&$pla"ti " T*e %r"s&alline p*a"e" $! "u * p$l%&er" are
*ara teri5e/ -% t*eir melting temperature9Tm : #Man% t*er&$pla"ti " are $&pletel% amor#hous an/ in apa-le $! r%"talli5ati$n8 t*e"e a&$rp*$u"p$l%&er" (an/ a&$rp*$u" p*a"e" $!"e&i r%"talline p$l%&er") are *ara teri5e/ -%t*eir glass transition temperature 9T* : #
– t*e te&perature at 2*i * t*e% tran"!$r& a-ruptl%
!r$& t*e glassy state (*ar/) t$ t*e rubbery state ("$!t)#
$ l
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T*er&$pla"ti "
la"" tran"iti$n te&perature (T g) T*i" tran"iti$n $rre"p$n/" t$ t*e$n"et $! *ain &$ti$n
•-el$2 t*e T g t*e p$l%&er *ain" areuna-le t$ &$0e an/ are !r$5en7 inp$"iti$n#
B$t* T g an/ T & in rea"e 2it* in rea"ing*ain "ti ne"" an/ in rea"ing !$r e" $!inter&$le ular attra ti$n
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@
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@
= 2 " ' r o o > s ?
C o l e , a
d i 9 i s i o n
o 7 3 h o & s o n
5 e a r n i n g , %
n c .
3 h o & s o n
5 e a r n i n g @ i s a
t r a d e & a r
> u s e d
h e r e
i n u n
d e r l
i c e n s e .
igure ;@#4 T*ree 2a%"t$ repre"ent t*e"tru ture $!p$l%et*%lene1 (a) a "$li/t*ree3/i&en"i$nal&$/el8 (-) a t*ree3/i&en"i$nal "pa e7&$/el8 an/ ( ) a "i&plet2$3/i&en"i$nal &$/el#
e .
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@
= 2 " ' r o o > s ?
C o l e , a
d i 9 i s i o n o 7
3 h o & s o n
5 e a r n i n g , %
n c .
3 h o & s o n
5 e a r n i n g
@ i s
a t r a d e & a r
> u s e d
h e r e
i n u n
d e r l
i c e n s e
igure ;@#> T2$ 2a%" t$ repre"ent t*e -en5ene ring# In t*i" a"e8t*e -en5ene ring i" "*$2n atta *e/ t$ a pair $! ar-$n at$&"8pr$/u ing "t%rene#
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C$&&$/it% T*er&$pla"ti "
• C$&&$/it%1 P$l%et*%lene (PE)8 P$l%"t%rene(PS)8 P$l%pr$p%lene (PP)8 P$l%0in%l C*l$ri/e(P+C $r 0in%l) $! all t*er&$pla"ti "QQ
• Al"$8 St%rene A r%l$nitrile (SA=) t*e$p$l%&er 2e te"te/ in la-• l$2" at ele0ate/ te&perature"#• Ha" a gla"" tran"iti$n te&perature#• L$ng p$l%&er *ain"• Can -e re&elte/ an/ re % le/#
6
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Engineering T*er&$pla"ti "
• Engineering Pla"ti "1 P$l% ar-$nate(PC)8 A r%l$nitrile3-uta/iene3"t%rene(ABS)8 P$l%a&i/e (=%l$n"8 PA)
• Engineere/ pla"ti " a $unt !$ra-$ut ; $! all pla"ti u"age#
• enerall% *a0e *ig*er ten"ile"trengt* an/ el$ngati$n t*an
$&&$/it% pla"ti "
5
T* &$" "
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T*er&$"et"Thermose&s 3 n$r&all% rigi/ &aterial" 3network polymers in 2*i * *ain &$ti$ni" greatl% re"tri te/ -% a *ig* /egree $!
r$""linking
A" 2it* elastomers 8 t*e% are intra ta-le$n e !$r&e/ an/ /egra/e rat*er t*an&elt up$n t*e appli ati$n $! *eat#
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T*er&$"et"
• Cr$""3linking !$r&e/ -%
$0alent -$n/"#• B$n/" pre0ent *ain" &$0ing
relati0e t$ ea * $t*er#
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T*er&$"etting Pla"ti "
• P$l%uret*ane8 P*en$li "8 "ili $ne"8urea"
• Ten/ t$ -e "tr$ng -ut -rittle• M$le ule" r$""3linke/• Can n$t -e re&elte/ $r repr$ e""e/
#
El "t$& "
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Ela"t$&er"Elas&omers 3 r$""linke/ ru--er%p$l%&er" 3 rubber networks 3 t*at an -eea"il% "tret *e/ t$ *ig* e9ten"i$n" ( >9 t$; 9 $riginal /i&en"i$n") – t*e ru--er% p$l%&er *ain" -e $&e
e9ten/e/ up$n /e!$r&ati$n -ut arepre0ente/ !r$& per&anent
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Ela"t$&er"
• But%l8 natural ru--er (p$l%i"$prene)8EPDM8 ne$prene8 nitrile8 et ##
• C*ara teri5e/ -% *ig* /e!$r&ati$n(e9tre&el%
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Bi$/egra/a le P$l%&er T*e"e p$l%&er" an -e -r$ken int$ "&all "eg&ent" -%en5%&e3 atal%5e/ rea ti$n"
De"ign Material" Sele ti$n !$r P$l%&er
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De ign Material Sele ti$n !$r P$l%&erC$&p$nent"
De"ign t*e t%pe $! p$l%&er &aterial %$u &ig*t "ele t !$rt*e !$ll$2ing appli ati$n"1 a "urge$nF" gl$0e8 a -e0erage
$ntainer an/ a pulle%#
E9a&ple
T*e gl$0e &u"t -e apa-le $! "tret *ing a great /ealin $r/er t$ "lip $nt$ t*e "urge$nF" *an/# T*i"
reGuire&ent /e" ri-e" an ela"t$&er #
A t*er&$pla"ti "u * a" p$l%et*%lene terep*t*alate (PET) 2ill *a0e t*e ne e""ar% !$r&a-ilit% an/ /u tilit%
nee/e/ !$r t*i" appli ati$n# A relati0el% "tr$ng8 rigi/8 *ar/ &aterial i" reGuire/ t$
pre0ent 2ear8 "$ a t*er&$"etting p$l%&er &ig*t -e&$"t appr$priate#
In)us&rial Pol"mers
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a. The 4orl) %onsum#&ion o$ s"n&he&i% #ol"mers' !0 million me&ri% &ons #er "ear.
;) Pla"ti " 1 @4) i-er" 1 ;>) S%nt*eti ru--er 1 ;;
?) C$ating an/ A/*e"i0e" 1 ;@
(.S&"rene5(u&a)iene %o#ol"mer
S%nt*eti ru--er8 PET i-er(p$l%e"ter)
Late9 paint Pla"ti (-$ttle)
In)us&rial Pol mers
Plas&i%s
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;) C$&&$/it% pla"ti "LDPE8 HDPE8 PP8 P+C8 PS !) Ta-le ;#?
4) Engineering pla"ti "A etal8 P$l%a&i/e8 P$l%a&i/ei&i/e8
P$l%ar%late8P$l%-en5i&i/a5$le8 et # !) Ta-le ;#@
>) T*er&$"etting pla"ti " P*en$l3!$r&al/e*%/e8 Urea3!$r&al/e*%/e8
Un"aturate/ p$l%e"ter8 Ep$9%8Mela&ine3!$r&al/e*%/e!) Ta-le ;#
?) un ti$nal pla"ti "Opti "8 Bi$&aterial8 et #
Plas&i%s
-ommo)i&" Plas&i%
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Type Abbreviation Major Uses
23/en"it% p$l%et*%lene
ig*3/en"it%$l%et*%lene
$l%pr$p%lene
$l%(0in%l *l$ri/e)
$l%"t%rene
LDPE
HDPE
PP
P+C
PS
Pa kaging 'l&8 2ire an/ a-le in"ulati$n8 t$%"8
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Prin%i#al En*ineerin* Plas&i%s
Type Abbreviation
A etal aP$l%a&i/e -P$l%a&i/ei&i/eP$l%ar%lateP$l%-en5i&i/a5$leP$lt ar-$nateP$l%e"eterP$l%et*eret*erket$neP$l%et*eri&i/eP$l%i&i/eP$l%(p*en%lene $9i/e)P$l%(p*en%lene "ul'/e)P$l%"ul!$ne /
POM
PAI
PBIPC
PEEK PEIPIPPOPPS
TABLE .; Prin%i#al Thermose&&in* Plas&i%s
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P*en$l3!$r&al/e*%/e
Urea3!$r&al/e*%/e
n"aturate/ p$l%e"ter
Ep$9%
ela&ine3!$r&al/e*%/e
Ele tri al an/ ele tr$ni eGuip&ent8 aut$&$-ile part"8 uten"il *an/le"8 pl%2$$/ a/*e"i0e"8 parti le -$ar/ -in/erSi&ilar t$ P p$l%&er al"$ treat&ent $! te9tile"8 $ating"
C$n"tru ti$n8 aut$&$-ile part"8 -$at *ull"8 &arine a e""$rie"8 $rr$"i$n3re"i"tant /u ting8 pipe8 tank"8 et #8 -u"ine"" eGuip&entPr$te ti0e $ating"8 a/*e"i0e"8 ele tri al an/ ele tr$ni " appli ati$n"8 in/u"trial
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: -ellulosi% 1
A etate ra%$n8 +i" $"e ra%$n
2: Non%ellulosi% 1
P$l%e"ter8 =%l$n(=%l$n 8 8 =%l$n 8 et )Ole'n
(PP8 C$p$l%&er(P+C @ JPA= an/ $t*er" ;@vinyon ))
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: Na&ural ru((er 1
cis 3p$l%i"$prene
2: S"n&he&i% ru((er 1
St%rene3-uta/iene8 P$l%-uta/iene8Et*%lene3pr$p%lene(EPDM)8 P$l% *l$r$prene8
P$l%i"$prene8=itrile8 But%l8 Sili $ne8 Uret*ane
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Prin%i#al S"n&he&i% i(ers
Description
Cellul$"e a etateRegenerate/ ellul$"e
Prin ipall% p$l%(et*%lene terep*t*alate)In lu/e" n%l$n 8 n%l$n 8 an/ a 0ariet% $! $t*eralip*ati an/
ar$&ati p$l%a&i/e"In lu/e" p$l%pr$p%lene an/ $p$l%&er" $! 0in%l
*l$ri/e8 2it*le""er a&$unt" $! a r%l$nitrile8 0in%l a etate8 $r0in%li/ene
*l$ri/e ( $p$l%&er" $n"i"ting $! &$re t*an @0in%l
*l$ri/e are alle/ vinyon '-er")C$ntain at lea"t a r%l$nitrile in lu/e/ are
Type
Cellul$"i A etate ra%$n +i" $"e ra%$n=$n ellul$"i
P$l%e"ter =%l$n
Ole'n
A r%li
-oa&in* an) A)hesi1es
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-oa&in an) A)hesi1es
: -oa&in* 1
La Guer8 +ani"*e"8 Paint (Oil $r Late9)8 Late9
2: A)hesi1es 1
S$l0ent -a"e/8 H$t &elt8 Pre""ure "en"iti0e8et #
A r%late8 Ep$9%8 Uret*ane8 C%an$a r%late
Prin%i#al T"#es o$ S"n&he&i% Ru((er
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Type
S&"rene5(u&a)iene
Pol"(u&a)iene
E&h"lene5 #ro#"lene
Pol"%hloro#rene
Pol"iso#reneNi&rile
Bu&"l
Sili%one
re&hane
Description
C$p$l%&er $! t*e t2$ &$n$&er" in 0ari$u" pr$p$rti$n" /epen/ing
pr$pertie" /e"ire/ alle/ SBR !$r "t%rene3-uta/iene ru--erC$n"i"t" al&$"t entirel% $! t*e cis- ;8? p$l%&er
O!ten a--re0iate/ EPDM !$r et*%lene3pr$p%lene3/iene &$n$&er &a/e up prin ipall% $! et*%lene an/ pr$p%lene unit" 2it* "&all a $! a /iene t$ pr$0i/e un"aturati$n
Prin ipall% t*e trans- ;8?p$l%&er8 -ut al"$ "$&e cis- ;8? an/ ;84 p$l al"$ kn$2n a" neoprene ru--er
Mainl% t*e cis- ;8? p$l%&er "$&eti&e" alle/ "%nt*eti natural ruC$p$l%&er $! a r%l$nitrile an/ -uta/iene8 &ainl% t*e latter
C$p$l%ner $! i"$-ut%lene an/ i"$prene8 2it* $nl% "&all a&$unt" $!Latter
C$ntain" in$rgani -a k-$ne $! alternating $9%gen an/ &et*%late at$&" al"$ alle/ p$l%"il$9ane (C*ap# ;@)Ela"t$&er" prepare/ -% linking p$l%et*er" t*r$ug* uret*ane gr$up