artikel matematik

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1. Zero Step (for newborns – kids under 3 months old, all other kids should start at the First Step) – dot cards that are very-very large: 15″x15″, with black, very bold dots 1.5″ in diameter. Begin with one card, show it for 10-15 seconds and hold it absolutely still to give him a chance to focus on it. On a first day show “one” dot card 10 times, on second show “two” dot card 10 times; proceed for 7 days with different cards 10 times each day. Repeat for the following two weeks: so, for the first three weeks you show “one” dot on Mondays, “two” on Tuesdays… On week 4: chose dot cards 8-14 and cycle each of them 10 times a day for the following three weeks (card “eight” on Mondays, card “nine” on Tuesdays, etc.) Continue with this pattern until tiny infant is seeing detail consistently and easily (around twelve weeks or later). Chose the correct time of the day: when the baby is in a good mood. Once you realize your infant can see the detail clearly, proceed to step one.

2. First Step – Quantity Recognition Teaching your child to to perceive actual numbers, which are true value of numerals – 5 dot cards 1-100. 2 sets of 5 cards each, three times a day each set.

3. Second Step – Equations Start after you’ve showed first 20 cards for First Step. Don’t test, continue introducing new quantities, i.e. dot cards, (until you reach 100), and add sessions with simple equations: 2+2=4, 5+11=16. Avoid predictable equations: 1+2=3; 1+3=4; 1+4=5. After two weeks of different addition equations, do subtractions, followed by multiplication and division (at two week intervals of 3 sessions of equations per day).

4. Third Step – Problem Solving You have completed First Step (showing dot cards), and First Step (simple Equations). Progress onto more sophisticated three step equations, e.g: 2×2x3=12. “You are still extraordinary giving and completely non-demanding” (GD, Math, p. 125)- you haven’t done any testing. “The Purpose of problem-solving opportunity is for a the child to be able to demonstrate what he knows if he wishes to do so. It is exactly the opposite of the test.” (GD, Math, p. 126). You can do it at the end of the session.

o Hold two cards and ask where is 22 (always offer options!) “This is a good opportunity for a baby to look at or touch teh card if he wishes to do so.” If he does, make a big fuss. If he doesn’t, simply say, “This is 32″ and, “This is fifteen.” (GD, Math, p. 127).

o Give a simple equation and then hold two dot cards for him to chose the result of the equation. Again, always offer options, and if your child doesn’t want to show a card, simply and upbeat say it yourself.

After a few weeks of these equations, make them even more fun: combine addition and subtraction, multiplication and division, but don’t mix the pairs e.g. 40+15-30=25, not 4+2*7. After a few weeks, add another term to the equations: 56+20-4-4=68. You can further progress onto:

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3. Sequences 4. Greater then and less then 5. Equalities and inequalities 6. Number personality 7. Fractions 8. Simple algebra

5. Fourth Step – Numeral Recognition 11×11 poster board with numerals written in large, red, felt-tipped marker: 6″ tall by 3″ wide. Combine numbers with dots: 12 greater then dot card of 7; dot card of 12=12 (number)

6. Fifth Step – Equations with numerals Make 18″x4″ poster board cards for equations with numerals: 25+5=30; 115×3x2×5 not equals 2,500; 458 divided by 2 minus 229.

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Resources How to Teach your Baby Math Kit: collection of dot cards, that gets you through

Steps 1-3. Cards for equals or not equals, or for numerals you have to do by yourself.

Perla Adams, the Classical Mommy, has a PowerPoint presentations with dots, dots and numbers and even some equations – you can print it on a card stock paper, or even show them on the computer: Teaching Quantity. Her presentations can help you cover the steps 1-4 and are absolutely FREE! Thanks, Perla, for another wonderful job!!

Your Smart Baby Newborn Program Kit: collection of initial cards for the infant, including 10 dot cards (though you probably need more then that – at least 21!), that gets you through Step 0.

FREE Matthew Hudson’s Doman plugin for Microsoft PowerPoint: terrific plugin that allows you to go through Step 1, 2, some of Step 3 (only two step equations: 15*2=30), step 4, and some of Step 5 (again, only two step equations and numbers are not that big). Plugin also contains a randomizer for your Encyclopedic knowledge words and even a word generator. I personally can’t imagine my son’s program without this wonderful plugin.

Prodigy Math/Reader for Infants and Toddlers by Geenogee: this is an inexpensive program that helps you through steps 1 and 3. It does get you a little further then Matt’s plugin – it allows 3 and 4 step equations (12/6×35=70), it allows student management, it remembers and reminders you to show the presentations certain number of times per day, tells you how many lessonettes are left for that day. Similarly to Doman, once you get to equations, it just throws a tiny pop up window with the equation, showing only the result dot card on the screen. Not bad, but I wish it could actually offer the entire program: inequalities, sequences, etc. It has numbers, but they are so small… and I haven’t discovered

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any ways to enlarge numbers, or how to make them red (if you have, please comment below or email me directly!) It’s a pity, that nobody does it! On the other side, same CD contains Prodigy Reader – similar software to teach your kid to read (see more about it at Teach Your Child with Multimedia).

Our Encyclopedic Knowledge Math section contains some presentations (even with sounds) in English, Russian and Spanish that can aid your math learning and make it more fun.

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5 Fun Ways to Teach Subtraction: What is the Difference?

The key to teaching subtraction so most students understand and retain the information they are learning is to make it real. A real connection is the cornerstone of learning, because when a student

internalizes the concept they have learned it - not before. Worksheets are only good in rote memorization of a math concept and math facts, which is good on a certain level - some mental math applications. However to truly memorize a math concept, a students needs to understand it

first.

The road to learning subtraction is pitted with sinkholes full of students who could never make the connection of subtraction and what it all means to them. We all know that the opposite of

subtraction is addition and common strategy is to subtract through addition. This method is used for learning subtraction, for example "36 minus 12 is 24" or "12 plus 24 is 36." Great the student just proved that he/she can memorize, however does the student really understand? Students need to

understand first, if they are to learn.

Let's look at five fun ways to teach division that will prove a student understands subtraction.

One way is to use an interactive online computer game that involves critical thinking skills to develop a greater understanding of subtraction. One website that has such an interactive game is

located on the National Library of Virtual Manipulatives http://nlvm.usu.edu/en/nav/frames_asid_155_g_3_t_1.html website. This game uses Base Ten

Blocks to model separation of groups. Students have the option of using computer generated groups or creating their own subtraction groups. If they can create their own groups, then they have just

demonstrated internalization of the concept. This interactive base ten block game has variations for grades K-8.

Another fun way to learn subtraction is to use different colored blocks. Have the students place 100 colored blocks in a container. Then have them remove 31 and ask them how many are left? This

allows them to visualize the difference after the removing 31 blocks. Ask them to explain which are the minuend, subtrahend, and difference. This gives them a better understanding besides using the

standard worksheet subtraction problem. Students will find this fun and a lot less boring than worksheets.

A third way is to subtract the number of days until the students' birthday, end of school year, or until a holiday break. This provides students with real world examples of how they can use subtraction everyday, while making it personal. The fun part is counting down the days until a

special occasion.

A fourth fun way to teach subtraction is to have a simulated store. Students can buy things using play money and they have to subtract the cost of an item from the money presented to purchase it.

This also provides a real world application for learning how to subtract. A different version is giving each student $10 and has them purchase as many items as they can with the $10. To make it

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challenging they are not allowed to use calculators or pencil and paper - only their minds. This is a perfect use of a mental math subtraction exercise that has real world applications.

A fifth way to have fun when teaching subtraction is to use windup cars. Two cars are placed on the floor at a given start point. Students are given stop watches to time how long it takes each car to go a selected distance. Next they have to determine the difference between the two times. Have them

identify the minuend, subtrahend, and difference. You should use several cars that travel the distance at different times for a connection for calculating speed and other math applications.

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Fun Ways to Teach Your Kids Math

Posted: Dec 26, 2008 | | Views: 2,500 | Share Syndicate this Article

Copy to clipboard <h1>Fun Ways to Teach Your K<p><strong>By: <a href="http://<BR>

Children are like sponges. They absorb every bit of information that is given to them, especially if it is presented in a fun and easy to learn way. It’s never too early to begin teaching the concepts of math to your children. Opportunities for math abound in our everyday lives. Once you begin to notice them, you’ll soon be guilty of seeing math in everything you do!

Story time with your child is an excellent starting point. Virtually any book that you choose to read will have countless opportunities for math discussion. If you are reading ‘The Three Little Pigs’, don’t just breeze through it. Make sure that you stop on every page and give your child time to absorb the pictures. Ask questions about what they see, but be sure to offer constant encouragement even if they give an incorrect answer. The key to learning is to constantly provide a positive experience. By doing this, your child will always be eager to learn. As you look at the pictures with them, ask questions such as, “How many pigs do you see on this page?” or “How many apples are on this tree?” If your child seems stuck, happily count out loud for them. As a general rule, count everything you see, literally. You can count the stairs as you climb them, or the socks as you are taking them out of the dryer together. The opportunities are endless. Is your child a picky eater? Try saying, “Just take five more bites and you will be done”, and then of course count them out.

Playing capacity games while you are cooking is both educational and extremely fun. Your child will love pouring liquids from one container to another. Prepare them for learning measurements by asking them which container can hold more or less, and by letting them handle the different measuring cups, spoons, etc. Amaze them by doing special tricks, like pouring a cup full of cereal into a measuring cup, then crushing it and then presenting the new compressed, much smaller measurement.

Playing pattern games helps prepare your child for the concepts they will need to grasp in school. If your child eats Fruit Loops or M&M’s, help arrange them in different colored rows. After this is mastered, put down a pattern, such as one green M&M, one red M&M, and then one more green M&M. Ask your child to show you what color comes next. You can play pattern games with colored clothespins, different shaped blocks, colored socks, etc. The more you play this game with your child, the more variations of the game you will discover.

Play subtraction games at snack time. If your child likes goldfish crackers, you can draw a fish bowl on a piece of paper. Place ten or twelve goldfish crackers on the paper so they are ‘in the fish bowl’. Have your child count them at the beginning and then tell you how many are left every time they eat one, or two, or three. This will teach your child the basic concept of subtraction while providing them with a fun snack time experience.

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Regardless of what approach you take to incorporate math in your child’s life, realize that you are laying a foundation for their future interest or indifference to the subject. Keep it simple, don’t stress, and remember to move on to something else as soon as your child loses interest. Learning is fun, and helping your child to enjoy early learning experiences in a playful manner is one of the best gifts you can give them.

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Adding and Subtracting Teachers have lots of creative ways to increase fluency in these two basic computations.

By Julia Martin Langan

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First grade marks a transition to a more academically oriented approach to learning. Children may now be in a full program after half-day kindergarten, and may now sit in rows instead of circles or in peer groups. Math instruction becomes more academic, too. Lessons are more structured, and there are new facts to master. But unlike math classes of days past, when 1st graders were given rules and facts to memorize and then practiced endlessly on worksheets, today's best teachers emphasize experiences that deepen and strengthen kids' understanding of the ideas behind the computations. Focus on Sums Shortcuts to Learning Money, Time, and More Focus on Sums First grade teachers may spend half the year or more on addition and subtraction. Most states have standards that aim for all 1st graders to know the addition facts, and corresponding subtraction facts, for sums to 20. But before kids can master these basics, they need to understand the nature of adding and taking away. Subtraction tends to be a concept that is especially difficult to comprehend. "There should be a lot of time spent on experiencing and understanding what the operations mean," says Cathy Seeley, President of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. "If you introduce the rules when a subject is only partially set in a child's mind, he'll become confused." To that end, teachers use objects and games and challenge their first graders to think creatively about numbers. They may show children a group of objects and ask them, "How many ways can we make 6?" and together come up with 2 and 4, 3 and 3, 1 and 5, and 6 and 0. They will teach "fact families," a term for using the inverse relationship between addition and subtraction to solve problems. For example, 5, 4 and 9 is a fact family. If 5 plus 4 equals 9, then 9 take away 5 must equal 4. Back to top Shortcuts to Learning Most 1st grade teachers employ little tricks to help kids master addition and subtraction. They'll grab almost any object to show how to get 3 and 6 to make 9. They generally won't suggest counting on fingers, which can become a tough-to-break habit later. But they have other time-tested learning aids, such as making tally marks with pencil and paper (a series of parallel lines, with the fifth line in every "bundle" crossing the other lines diagonally),

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and counting forward for addition and backward for subtraction. Knowing the sum of doubles, like 8 plus 8, and learning to skip-count (count every other number) is another shortcut. Many teachers encourage 1st graders to memorize their doubles up to 20, and to be able to count by 2's, 5's, and 10's to 100. For example, if your child knows instinctively that 8 plus 8 is 16, he simply has to add one to know the answer to 8 plus 9. Once the concept of adding and subtracting has clicked, kids need to gain fluency. Teachers play fun games that take advantage of the growing importance of peers in first grade. My son's teacher plays a game called "four corners." Kids rotate through four different math centers in which they play different games. In the first, they take turns showing each other subtraction flash cards; in the second, they roll dice and add the two numbers that appear; in the third they use cards with fact families and try to create as many addition and subtraction facts as they can; in the fourth, they practice addition with flash cards. "Emotional and social interactions are so important to first graders," says Addie Fasulo, a 1st grade teacher at Brookdale Avenue School in Verona, New Jersey. "Pairing children together is a great way to motivate them to learn math." Back to top Money, Time, and More Word problems are a staple on standardized tests, and your child will get her first taste of them this year. She'll learn that word cues like "all together," "put together," and "in all" indicate that the numbers should be added, while phrases like "how many more," "compare," and "find the difference" suggest subtraction. Your child will also learn about place value, which provides the foundation for learning to "carry over" or "regroup" when adding or subtracting multiple-digit numbers. To help kids understand the concept of the 1's, 10's and 100's place, a common strategy is to use a bundle of straws or Popsicle sticks to represent each place. For instance, to show 24 in Popsicle sticks, you'd put 4 sticks in the "ones" bundle and 2 in the "tens" bundle. Money is also part of the 1st grade curriculum. A valuable skill in and of itself, it is also a hands-on way to practice adding and subtracting and understand place value. Your child will learn to exchange dimes for pennies and count and make change, perhaps in a pretend classroom store. Other continuing math concepts include telling time to the nearest half-hour, recognizing shapes, reading thermometers, and using measuring tools, such as rulers. You can also expect your child to do elementary algebra with addition and subtraction problems that involve figuring out which part of the equation is missing, rather than the sum. (Eddie had 14 balloons. Some floated away. He had 5 left. How many did he lose?) He'll learn to organize and compare data, estimate, and continue patterns. Perhaps most vitally, he'll learn the "why" behind his answers, and get in the habit of explaining his reasoning. Even though some parents may be eager for their kids to push ahead to regrouping and other higher-level math skills, teachers realize that these concepts will come more easily when they're built on a solid understanding of the basics.

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How to Teach Subtraction

How Do I Teach Subtraction to My Child?

As one of the most important math applications around, subtraction is a fun skill needed in everyday situations. Teachers recommend the following strategies to help you teach subtraction to your child at home:

Determine what learning style best characterizes your child. If your child is a visual learner, she will learn best with pictures and

written problems. Audio learners are more likely to retain information they hear, so

repetitive definitions and rhyme schemes are helpful tools. Those who learn best with their hands are kinesthetic, and physical

objects like marbles or candy work well for number sense. Pair addition and subtraction as opposites to provide a context for

your child. Use interchangeable words like take away and minus. Increase your math vocabulary in every conversation with words,

including how many, more than, less than, leftover and remainder. Use subtraction in daily activities, including grocery shopping,

banking or sorting mail.

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