Architectural Aluminum

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    General AluminumGeneral AluminumInformationInformation

    ContentsContents1.1. IntroductionIntroduction

    2. Aluminum Alloy2. Aluminum Alloy

    2.1 Definition2.1 Definition2.2 Alloy Numbers2.2 Alloy Numbers

    3.3.TemperingTemp

    ering

    3.1 Definition3.1 Definition

    3.2 Temper Letters3.2 Temper Letters

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    1-Introduction

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    2. Aluminum Alloy (AA)2. Aluminum Alloy (AA) What is aluminum alloy?

    An aluminum alloy is an alloy primarily of pure aluminum, mixed with

    different alloying elements that give rise to an entire range of materials,each of which is designed to maximize a particular characteristics such asstrength, ductility, formability, machinability, or electrical conductivity.

    Alloy numbersThese numbers refer to a specific chemical composition of the aluminumalloy the recipe of the metal. Pure aluminum is not a very usefulproduct in any structural work aluminum products almost without

    exception are produced from batches of pure aluminum mixed with anumber of alloying elements. For example, an aluminum alloy that iseasily extruded, maybe difficult to machine, or an alloy that machineswell, may be difficult to weld, etc. That is why there are so manydifferent products in so many different alloys.

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    Common Aluminum Alloy (AA)Common Aluminum Alloy (AA)

    The Alloys

    1. Alloy 1100 A low strength but very workable alloy with excellentcorrosion resistance. It is not heat treatable. It is easily welded,however it is soft and spalls when machined.

    1100-O: Annealed (or soft, bendable condition).

    1100-H14: Strain Hardened.

    2. Alloy 2011 A free machining, heat treatable alloy, with fair corrosion

    resistance, but not easily welded.2011-T3: Heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged.

    3. Alloy 2024 Heat treatable with high strength , good machinabilityand fair corrosion resistance. It welds very poorly.

    2024-O: Annealed (or soft, bendable condition).

    2024-T3: Heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged.

    2024-T351: Heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged.(2024 sheet, plate and extrusions are used extensively for the fuselagesand lower portion of the wings of civilian and military transport aircraft)

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    Common Aluminum Alloy (AA)Common Aluminum Alloy (AA)4. Alloy 3003 This alloy is not heat treatable but welds very

    well and has very good workability. Like alloy 1100 it is

    somewhat soft and difficult to machine.3003-H14: Strain hardened. (Commonly for Panel and plates).3003-H22: Strain hardened, partially annealed.(3XXX is used for flexible packaging such as frozen food trays,residential siding and industrial and farm roofing. Also cookingutensils, gutters and downspouts)

    5. Alloy 5005 Poor machinability, good workability and weldvery well. It finishes very well, and offers excellent corrosionresistance.5005-H34: Strain hardened and stabilized. (Commonly forAluminum sheets).

    6. Alloy 5052 Strong, not heat treatable, easily welded, withexcellent corrosion characteristics.5052-O: Annealed (or soft, bendable condition).5052-H32: Strain hardened and stabilized.

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    Common Aluminum Alloy (AA)Common Aluminum Alloy (AA)

    7. Alloy 5086 Very Strong, not heat treatable, with excellentcorrosion resistance and good weldability.

    5086-H116: Strain hardened only.

    5086-H32: Strain hardened and stabilized.

    5086-H34: Strain hardened and stabilized.

    8. Alloy 6061 Heat treatable, easily welded, with very goodcorrosion resistance and finishing characteristics. (Commonly usedfor architectural products. Also employed in transportation industryin trucks, boats and railroad cars, as well as for furniture, pipelinesand heavy-duty structures requiring good corrosion resistance).

    6061-O: Strain hardened only.

    6061-T4: Heat treated and naturally aged.

    6061-T6: Heat treated and artificially aged. (Use for mullion,transom and other critical framing members.Can be use forstructural splice and anchor clips).

    6061-T65: Heat treated and artificially aged.

    6061-T6511: Heat treated and artificially aged.

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    Common Aluminum Alloy (AA)Common Aluminum Alloy (AA)9. Alloy 6063 This heat treatable is specially designed for extrusions, very popular for

    architectural shapes.

    6063-T5: Non-structural Profiles. (e.g. Sash, operable shutter, mid-frame, reducer, cover

    cap, locking bar, sliding window profiles, sub-frame, etc.).6063-T6: Interior horizontal and vertical trim member. (same sample as 6063-T5).

    6063-T52: Cooled from an elevated temperature shaping process and artificially aged.

    10. Alloy 7050 High strength, excellent corrosion resistance, heat treatable, and weldable,but has poor workability.

    7050-T7451: Heat treated, over-aged and strengthened.

    11. Alloy 7075 Heat treatable, this alloy is the strongest and hardest aluminum alloy. Ithas good machining characteristics but is not very easily welded nor it is very workable.

    7075-O: Annealed (or soft, bendable condition).

    7075-T6: Heat treated and artificially aged.

    7075-T651: Heat treated and artificially aged.

    (Use mainly for aircraft industry).

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    Other Aluminum Alloy (AA)Other Aluminum Alloy (AA)1. Alloy 2014 forging application in the transportation industry.

    2. Alloy 2036 & 2008 use for automotive industry.

    3. Alloy 2219 used for fuel and oxidizer tanks of space vehicles.

    4. Alloy 3004 used for aluminum beverage containers5. Alloy 3105 used for siding & roofing.

    6. Alloy 5056 & 5083 - is used in appliances, utensils, sheet-metal works,pressure vessels, television towers, welded structures, boats and chemicalstorage tanks. Screens, nails and other fasteners are made from this alloy.

    7. Alloy 5182 lid of beverage cans.

    8. Alloy 6009 & 6010 used for hoods and deck lids of automobiles.

    9. Alloy 6013 application in aircraft construction.10. Alloy 6201 wire has proved suitable for electrical conductor cable.

    11. Alloy 7005 used in ground transportation industry.

    12. Alloy 7150 use for upper wing skin of commercial aircraft.

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    Designation of Aluminum WroughtDesignation of Aluminum WroughtAlloysAlloys

    The 3XXX and 5XXX products arestrengthened by working them atroom temperature to induce strainhardening, while 2XXX, 6XXX and7XXX are achieve their highest

    strengths by heat treatment topromote precipitation of the major

    alloying elements.

    Al* is almost pure aluminum.

    First DigitFirst Digit ElementsElements11 Al*Al*

    22 CuCu

    33 MnMn

    44 SiSi

    55 MgMg

    66 Mg-SiMg-Si77 ZnZn

    88 OthersOthers

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    3. Temper3. Temper

    Temper is a measure of metals resistance to bending or kinking.It does refer to how hard the metal is. Low temper such as H-1(also referred to as 1/8 hard), indicates a tendency to bend orkink permanently when subjected to very little force. High temper,such as H-8 or Full Hard, indicates a tendency to spring backupon bending.

    Temper Letters

    The letters that appear after each alloy number refer to thetemper of the alloy itself and are independent of the alloy. This

    means that a single alloy can be available in a variety of tempersand a variety of alloys can be available in the same temper.

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    Temper LettersTemper Letters

    1. F temper (as fabricated tempers).

    This letter indicates that there has been no effort to control thetemper of the material you receive it as is.

    2. O temper (annealed temper).

    Annealing is a process of heating up metal past a critical

    temperature whereby the material is relieved of the internalstresses from production or fabrication. It is the lowest temperavailable (the most easily bent).

    3. W temper (solution heat treated temper).

    This letter refers to metal that has undergone a specificprocedure to produce a temper for a particular batch of metal inorder to comply with some specific need of the customer.

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    Temper LettersTemper Letters

    4. H temper (strain-hardened tempers).

    This letter designates a process of stretching or compressing inorder to impart a particular temper.

    H_1 1/8 hard

    H_2 1/4 hard

    H_3 3/8 hard

    H_4 1/2 hard

    H_5 5/8 hard

    H_6 3/4 hard

    H_7 7/8 hardH_8 Full hard

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    Temper LettersTemper Letters5. T temper (thermally treated tempers)

    This tempers are imparted by heating, quenching, or cooling in a controlled way.

    T1 Cooled after being shaped to its final dimensions during a process involvinga lot of heat (such as extrusion), then naturally aged to a stable condition.

    T2 Cooled after being shaped to its final dimensions during a process involvinga lot of heat (such as extrusion), then cold worked.

    T3 Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged to stable condition.

    T4 Solution heat treated and naturally aged to stable condition.

    T5 Cooled after being shaped to its final dimensions during a process involvinga lot of heat (such as extrusion), then artificially aged. T5 is T1 that has beenartificially aged.

    T6 Solution heat treated and artificially aged to stable condition. T6 is T4 thathas been artificially aged.

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    Temper LettersTemper Letters

    T7 Solution heat treated, cold worked and naturally aged past thepoint of a stable condition. This process provides control of somespecial characteristics.

    T8 Solution heat treated, cold worked and artificially aged. T8 is T3

    that has been artificially aged.

    T9 Solution heat treated, artificially aged and cold worked. A stabletemper T9 is T6 that has been cold worked.

    T10 Cooled after being shaped to its final dimensions during aprocess involving a lot of heat (such as extrusion), then cold workedand artificially aged. T10 is T2 that has been artificially aged.