Anvisman Mayarni , S.Pd ., M.Si

L/O/G/O

AnvismanMayarni, S.Pd., M.Si

www.themegallery.com

Organisasi Tingkat Kimia

Semua zat yang berada di alam terdiri dari elemen

Elemen yt zat yang tidak bisa lagi dibagi melalui reaksi kimia bisa

Elemen berjumlah 106 macam dimana 92 macam didapat secara alamiah.

Dari semua elemen 24 macam terdapat dalam tubuh yt C, H, O, N mencakup 96% berat badan

Ca dan P 3 % dan 18 lainya yt Na, K, Cl, Fe, I, Cu dsb mencakup kurang lebih 1 % berat badan

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Elemen terdiri dari atom, atom terkecil adalah H

Dalam inti ada partikel yg bermuatan positif yt proton dan partikel yang tidak bermuatan(netron)

Atom H berpenampang 1 A

1 A = 1/ 10 nm = 1/10.000 mikron = 1/ 10.000.000 mm =

1/ 100.000.000 cm

ATom terdiri dr inti dan elektron


Elektron bermuatan negatif dan mengelilingi inti

. Bila atom bersenyawa dg yg lain disebut reaksi kimia

• Pada reaksi terbentuk produk baru• Khusus reaksi kimia ini yg menjadi dasar

kehidupan• Jumlah proton dlm inti disebut nomor atom jumlah

proton tambah netron disebut berat atom• Elektron bergerak mengelilingi inti dalam berbagai

orbit yg disebut tingkatan energi.

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Sambungan

.ket:

.Tiap orbit berjarak tertentu dr inti

.Mempunyai jumlah elektron maksimun tertentu

.Orbit ke 1 maksimum 2 elektron,orbit ke 2 max 8.

.Orbit ke 3 yg bernomor atom kecil dr 20 max 8 elekt

. bernomor atom besar dr 20 bisa mengorbit 18 elekt

.Semua atom berupaya oebit terluarnya mengikat elektron maksimum

.Untuk ini atom bisa melepaskan elektron terluar atau mengambil elektron dr atom lain



sambungan

.Atau bisa juga 1 elektron mengorbit pada 2 inti

Atom Hidrogen

Nomor atom 1

Atom yg orbit terluarnya tdk

Terisi penuh elektron bertendensi dg atom lain agar orbit terluarnya terisi penuh elektron

Reaksi in disebut reaksi kimia [ Image information in product ] Image : www.openas.com Note to customers : This image has been licensed to be used within this PowerPoint template only. You may not extract the image for any other use.

1 P +

Text

2pT2p2

TextText


Sambungan

.ket:

.Atom yg orbit terluarnya terisi penuh elekt elemen innert dan tdk mudah ikut reaksi kimia cont. helium

Bila dua atau lebih bersenyawa menghasilkan molekul bisa bersenyawa dg atom sama / beda

. Atom dalam satu molekul diikat oleh gaya tarik disebut ikatan kimia

. Ada tiga jenis ikatan kimia yt ikatan ionik, ikatan kovalen dan ikatan hidrogen



Sambungan

.Ikatan ionik

.Untuk menerangkan ikatan ionik kita ambil contoh

.Atom Clor 17 proton, 18 netron pd inti dg orbit elektron: 2 : 8 : 7, agar orbit terluar menjadi 8 clor bertendensi mengambil 1 elektron dr atom lain

. Bila elektron pada orbit terluar 8 maka Clor sekarang kelebihan 1 elektron bermuatan negatif

. Sekarang sebagai Cl-

.Natrium dg inti 11 proton dan 12 netron. Orbit elektronya 2: 8 : 1 Na bertendensi melepas 1 elektron. Na skrg 11 proton 10 elektron = Na +



Sambungan

.Na skrg hanya punya 2orbit elektron yt 2 : 8 yg stabil

. Atom Cl- dan Na + saling tarik menarik karena berbeda muatan

. Gaya tarik ini menyebabkan mengikat Na Cl menjadi molekul NaCl (garam dapur



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L/O/G/O


Thank you!

Anvisman Mayarni , S.Pd ., M.Si

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