ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN UKM PENGHASIL PRODUK KERAJINAN AKAR WANGI (STUDI KASUS PADA KUB ZOCHA...

7/31/2019 ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN UKM PENGHASIL PRODUK KERAJINAN AKAR WANGI (STUDI KASUS PADA KUB ZOCH

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DEDIG]G] ]X_DXBFG ^BAD]D_DE RLA ^BEFJD]GI

^_KHRL LB_D@GEDE DLD_ VDEFG

*]XRHG LD]R] ^DHD LRO PKMJD F_DJD L_GWD)LDOR^DXBE FD_RX) @DVD OD_DX'

KibjER_DSGSD ARXGD _GPLW

J?8>6>>78

HB^D_XBABE ADED@BABE

CDLRIXD] BLKEKAG HDE ADED@BABE

GE]XGXRX B_XDEGDE OKFK_

OKFK_

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_GEFLD]DE

ER_DSGSD ARXGD _GPLW% J?8>6>>78% Dedig}g} ]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde RLA

^befjd}gi ^rkhl Lbrd`gede Dldr Vdefg *]xhg Ld}} ~dhd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd

Lrgwd) Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx'% Hg odvdj ogaogefde AGAGE DAGEDJ%

Ldo~dxbe Fdrx wdef }b`dl idad hglbedi }bodfdg }bexrd ligx hde hkhki)

xbrewdxd abagglg ~rkhl effide idgeewd) wdgx dldr vdefg *Sbxgsbrd

Pgpdegkghb}'% Jd}gi ~rkhl}g dldr vdefg d}di Ldo~dxbe Fdrx xbrad}l ekagedxgc

hg hegd) xbxd~g ohghdwd dldr vdefg }b`dl xdje 47?>!de }bodfgde ob}dr

hgidllde exl abefjd}gilde agewdl dx}grg }bodfdg odjde hd}dr vbvdefgde dxd

lk}abxgl% ^kxbe}g geg lbahgde hglbaodeflde Lbika~kl R}djd Obr}dad *LRO'

Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd hbefde abadecddxlde dldr vdefg }bodfdg odjde odl hdrg

obrodfdg ~rkhl lbrd`gede wdef hgjd}gilde }b`dl xdje 4777%

Vdid~e ~def}d ~d}dr }brxd ~rkhlxgsgxd} }djd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwdxbr} abegefldx) obrhd}drlde jd}gi ~bebigxgde dvdi hglbxdjg odjvd R}djd Lbmgi

Abebefdj *RLA' geg obia abagiglg ckl} hdida abrdemdef) abackraid}glde

}brxd abefga~ibabexd}glde }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde hdida abefbaodeflde }djdewd%

Kibj ldrbed gx) ~bebigxgde geg obrx`de exl *4' abefghbexgcgld}g cdlxkr!cdlxkr

wdef aba~befdrjg hde abe`dhg e}r ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LRO

Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd) hde *?' abrblkabehd}glde }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef xb~dx

exl hgxbrd~lde ~dhd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%

Hdxd wdef hgfedlde hdida ~bebigxgde geg dhdidj hdxd ~rgabr hde hdxd

}blehbr% Hdxd ~rgabr hg~brkibj hdrg vdvdemdrd hbefde ~gjdl gexbredi RLA

exl abefbxdjg dlxgsgxd} ~bad}drde wdef xbidj hgidl}dedlde }brxd ~befg}gde

lb}gkebr kibj ~drd ~dldr wdef abig~xg `d`drde ~ga~gede LRO Pkmjd FrdjdLrgwd) Lb~did Oghdef Geh}xrg hde Lb~did Oghdef ^brhdfdefde Hged}

^brgeh}xrgde hde ^brhdfdefde Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) Lb~did Hgsg}g Adrlbxgef D}fdr

ahd Fdrx% Hdxd }blehbr hg~brkibj hdrg }xhg igxbrdxr hg ~br~}xdldde) gexbrebx)

}lrg~}g xbrhdji hde obobrd~d igxbrdxr wdef xbrldgx% Didx dedig}g} wdef hgfedlde

hdida ~bebigxgde geg dhdidj DJ^ *Dediwxgmdi Jgbrdrmjw rkmb}}'%

Obrhd}drlde jd}gi ~bebigxgde) cdlxkr wdef ~digef obr~befdrj hdida

~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde dhdidj ld~d}gxd} ~br}djdde *>)=24') ~rkhl

*>)?::') lkehg}g cgede}gdi ~br}djdde *>)438') }gld~ lke}abe *>)>67') lkehg}g

~br}dgefde *>)>37' hde ld~d}gxd} kxibx *>)>2>'% Dlxkr wdef obr~befdrj hdida

~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde ~br}djdde wdgx Lb~did K~brd}gkedi *>)=78')

^ga~gede Raa *>)==4' hde Fbebrdi Adedfbr*>)?62'% X`de ~bew}e }xrdxbfg~bad}drde ~rkhl lbrd`gede dldr vdefg wdef ~digef gefge hgmd~dg LRO Pkmjd

Frdjd Lrgwd wdgx aba~brxdjdelde ikwdigxd} ~bideffde *>)=3?'% Dixbredxgc

}xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef hd~dx hgidllde kibj LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd dhdidj

hbefde abebrd~lde m}xkabr gexgadmw *>)=6?') ~k}gxgkegef ~rkhl obrhd}drlde

ldigxd} hde jdrfd *>)?:>') abadecddxlde abhgd ad}}d }bmdrd k~xgadi *>)?4>'

}brxd abefbaodeflde ~rkfrda Cdmxkrw deh Fdibrw Sg}gx oblbr`d }dad hbefde

kxibx *>)4=7'%


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DEDIG]G] ]X_DXBFG ^BAD]D_DE RLA ^BEFJD]GI

^_KHRL LB_D@GEDE DLD_ VDEFG*]XRHG LD]R]

^DHD LRO PKMJD F_DJD L_GWD)

LDOR^DXBE FD_RX) @DVD OD_DX'

]L_G^]G

]bodfdg }didj }dx }wdrdx exl aba~brkibj fbidr

]D_@DED BLKEKAG

~dhd Hb~drxbabe Aded`babe

Cdlixd} Blkekag hde Aded`babe

Ge}xgxx ^brxdegde Okfkr

Kibj

ER_DSGSD ARXGD _GPLW

J?8>6>>78

HB^D_XBABE ADED@BABE

CDLRIXD] BLKEKAG HDE ADED@BABE

GE]XGXRX B_XDEGDE OKFK_

OKFK_

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@hi ]lrg~}g 0 Dedig}g} ]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde RLA ^befjd}gi ^rkhl Lbrd`gede

Dldr Vdefg *]xhg Ld}} ~dhd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd)

Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx'Edad 0 Erdsgsd Axgd _gplw

EGA 0 J?8>6>>78

Abewbx`g)

Hk}be ^baogaogef

Gr% J`% Agage Dagedj) AA

EG^% 4733>7>6 4774>= ? >>?

Abefbxdjg)

Lbxd Hb~drxbabe

Hr% Gr% @kek A% Aedehdr) A%]m

EG^% 4734>4?= 47:3>4 4 >>?

Xdeffdi Ii}0


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ggg

_GVDWDX JGHR^

^beig} hgidjgrlde hg @dldrxd) ?= ]b~xbaobr 47:7%

^beig} abr~dlde dedl lbhd hdrg xgfd obr}dhdrd

~d}defde Adarhde _beg Ohgdvdxg% ^beig} abefdvdig

~behghglde ckradi hg XL Dg}wgwdj ^kehkl ^gedef ~dhd

xdje 477=!4772% ^dhd xdje 4772!?>>4) ~beig}

abebr}lde ~behghglde hd}dr hg ]H Ajdaadhgwdj 4?

^daidef hde ~behghglde abebefdj ~brxdad hgxba~j

hdrg xdje ?>>4!?>>8 hg ]IX^G Di ]wlrk) Mg~xdx% Lbahgde) ~beig}

abeba~j ~behghglde abebefdj dxd} ~dhd xdje ?>>8!?>>6 hg ]AD Ebfbrg 4

Mg}dl%

^beig} abide`xlde ~behghglde xgeffg hg Ge}xgxx ^brxdegde Okfkr abidig

`dir ]bibl}g Ad}l ^brfrde Xgeffg Ebfbrg *]A^XE' ~dhd xdje ?>>6 hde

hgxbrgad }bodfdg adjd}g}vd Hb~drxbabe Aded`babe) Cdlixd} Blkekag hde

Aded`babe hbefde agekr Lkaegld}g% ]bidad abefglxg ~brligdjde) ~beig}

dlxgc hdida obrodfdg lb~degxgdde hde krfdeg}d}g lbadjd}g}vdde dexdrd idge

}bodfdg ]xdcc Hb~drxbabe Gecklka OBA XÔ GÔ ~brgkhb ?>>6+?>>:) ]xdcc

ôigm _bidxgke hg Mbexrb kc Adedfbabex *MKAN' ~brgkhb ?>>:+?>>7) hde

Hgrblxr ôigm _bidxgke hg Mbexrb kc Adedfbabex *MKAN' ~dhd ~brgkhb

?>>7+?>4>%

]bidad ad}d ~brligdjde) ~rb}xd}g wdef xbidj hgrdgj kibj ~beig} dexdrd

idge ^bewd`g Adldidj Xgefldx Ed}gkedi ~dhd ^blde Giagdj Adjd}g}vd Ed}gkedi

*^gaed}' ZZGG xdje ?>>7 hg Regsbr}gxd} Ordvg`dwd) Adidef< Adjd}g}vd

Obr~rb}xd}g Hb~drxbabe Aded`babe xdje ?>4> hde @drd Xgfd Xga Hbodx hdida

Gehkeb}gde Adrlbxgef Mka~bxgxgke *G!Akxgke' xdje ?>4> hg Regsbr}gxd}

Gehkeb}gd% ^beig} `fd ~bredj abe`dhg d}g}xbe hk}be *~rdlxgla' adxd ligdj

]k}gkikfg Raa hde Hd}dr!hd}dr Lkaegld}g%


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gs

LDXD BEFDEXD_

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}bjgeffd ~beig} hd~dx abewbib}dglde }lrg~}g hbefde odgl% ]lrg~}g geg obr`hi

Dedig}g} ]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde RLA ^befjd}gi ^rkhl Lbrd`gede Dldr Vdefg

*]xhg Ld}} ~dhd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd) Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx'%

]lrg~}g geg abaodjd} xbexdef ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde ~dhd LRO

Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd wdef aba~rkhl}g ~rkhl lbrd`gede dldr vdefg obrhd}drlde

jd}gi dedig}g} xbrjdhd~ ]bfabexdxgke) Xdrfbxgef hde ^k}gxgkegef *]X^' }brxd

odrde ~bad}drde ~br}djdde hbefde abeffedlde abxkhbDediwxgmdi Jgbrdrmjw

^rkmb}} *DJ^'% X`de hdrg ~beig}de }lrg~}g geg dhdidj exl abefghbexgcgld}g

cdlxkr!cdlxkr wdef aba~befdrjg }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde hde abrblkabehd}glde

}xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef xb~dx exl hgidl}dedlde kibj LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%

^beig} abewdhdrg odjvd }lrg~}g wdef hg}}e }bodfdg }wdrdx exl

aba~brkibj fbidr ]dr`ded Blkekag ~dhd Hb~drxbabe Aded`babe) Cdlixd}

Blkekag hde Aded`babe) Ge}xgxx ^brxdegde Okfkr geg ad}gj abefdehef

lblrdefde% Kibj ldrbed gx) lrgxgl hde }drde wdef obr}gcdx abaodefe ~beig}

jdrd~lde exl odjde ~brodglde hg ad}d wdef dlde hdxdef% Dljgrewd) ~beig}

obrjdrd~ }bakfd }lrg~}g geg hd~dx obradecddx odfg odewdl ~gjdl%

Okfkr) ]b~xbaobr ?>44

^beig}


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s

RMD^DE XB_GAD LD]GJ

^dhd lb}ba~dxde geg ~beig} gefge abewda~dglde md~de xbrgad ld}gj

wdef }bob}dr!ob}drewd lb~dhd obrodfdg ~gjdl wdef xbidj abehlef hdida

abewbib}dglde }lrg~}g geg) wdgx0

4% Lbhd krdef xd xbrmgexd) Adar hde _beg Ohgdvdxg dxd} }bfdid mgexd) hkd)}badefdx hde hlefde odfg ~beig} wdef xdl ~bredj ibldef kibj vdlx%

?% Dd Grvde) Hbhb Hgde hde }birj lbidrfd ob}dr wdef }bidi abaobrgldeld}gj }dwdef) hkd) hde hlefde wdef xdl xbrjgeffd lb~dhd ~beig}%

=% Cgrhd}) ]^ dxd} mgexd) hkd) lb}dodrde }brxd }badefdx wdef }bidi hgobrgldehde abefjgd}g jdrg!jdrg ~beig}%

8% Go Gr% J`% Agage Dagedj) AA }bodfdg ~baogaogef }lrg~}g wdef xbidjabaobrglde ogaogefde) }drde) akxgsd}g }brxd obrodfdg ~bid`drde jgh~

lb~dhd ~beig} hbefde ~bej lb}dodrde%

2% Od~dl _% Hgllw Gehrdvde) ]^) AA< Od~dl Hbhw Mdjwdhg ]xdrade) ]%X^)AA< Go Jbxg Aiwdxg) ]%X^) AX hde Go Jdrhgded Vghwd}xxg) ]%Jx) AA

dxd} }bfdid drdjde) ad}lde hde ogaogefde wdef hgobrglde lb~dhd ~beig}%

3% Od~dl ^rkc% Hr% Gr% V%J% Igaokef) A] hde Go Brige Xrg}wigdexg) ]%X^) A]g}bodfdg hk}be ~bef`g wdef xbidj abaobrglde ad}lde hde akxgsd}g lb~dhd

~beig}%

6% Od~dl Crdep Igagdrx) Go @kdeed) Od~dl Abfd Lk}d}gj }brxd }birj ~gjdlLRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd wdef xbidj abaobrglde lbahdjde hdida

~bebigxgde%

:% Od~dl J% X`x` _jgwdx) A%]g< Od~dl Xbhhw L}edhg< hde Od~dl Hd}b~Odhr}dida wdef xbidj abideflde vdlx exl abe`dhg rb}~kehbe hdida

~befg}gde lg}gkebr ~beig}%

7% ]birj Hk}be hde }xdc xdxd }djd Hb~drxbabe Aded`babe CBA G^O wdef}defdx abaodex ~beig} hdida aba~brkibj gia hde ~bebigxgde%

4>% ]djdodx }bldigf} }dhdrd Xjb Adefrksbr} *Ad} Dfef) Ad} _geffd) AodEgd) Jgiaw') Aodl Rxge) Dw) Deb wdef }bidi abefd`drlde lbobr}dadde

hde }digef abaodex hdida }ld ad~e hld%


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sg

44% Ldldl }bldigf} }djdodx Ldl Dhgx) Odef Xkek) Hbike) }brxd rblde!rblde~befr} MKAN G^O ~brgkhb ?>>:+?>>7 hde ~befr} MKAN G^O ~brgkhb

?>>7+?>4> dxd} }bfdid hlefde) }badefdx) hde akxgsd}g odfg ~beig}%

4?% Xbade!xbade }bogaogefde *Gexde) Deeb) ^xrg) D}xrgded) Gad' wdef xbidjobr}dad!}dad abefjdhd~g }bad rgexdefde hde }digef abefdxlde%

4=% Hbsg) Absg) Deeb}) Big}) Drgc) Fbrw) Hgeg hde }birj xbade!xbadeAded`babe 88 wdef xbidj abaobrglde odewdl ge}~grd}g hde lbedefde gehdj

hdida lbobr}dadde odfg ~beig}%

48% ]bad ~gjdl wdef xghdl hd~dx ~beig} }boxlde }dx ~br}dx%


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HDCXD_ G]G

Jdidade

_GEFLD]DE

_GVDWDX JGHR^%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % ggg

LDXD ^BEFDEXD_% gs

RMD^DE XB_GADLD]GJ s

HDCXD_ G]G %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sgg

HDCXD_ XDOBI %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% gz

HDCXD_ FDAOD_ %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% z

HDCXD_ IDA^G_DE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% zg

G% ^BEHDJRIRDE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 44%4%Idxdr Obidldef%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 44%?%^bra}de Ad}didj %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% =4%=%X`de ^bebigxgde %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 24%8%Adecddx ^bebigxgde %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 24%2%_def Igefl~ bebigxgde %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 2

GG% XGE@DRDE ^R]XDLD%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6?%4%Hbcgeg}g RALA%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 6?%?%^bad}drde%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % 7?%=%]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4>?%8%]bfabexdxgke) Xdrfbxgef) k}gxgkegef%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 4=?%2%Lke}b~ Odrde ^bad}drde%% 48

?%2%4 ^rkhmx+^rkhl 48

?%2%? ^rgmb+Jdrfd%% 48

?%2%= ^idmb+Xba~dx 42

?%2%8 ^rkakxgke+^rkak}g%% 42

?%3% Dldr Vdefg% 43

?%6%^rk}b} Jgrdrlg Dedigxgl% 43?%6%4 Lke}b~ Hd}dr DJ^%% 43

?%6%? Idefldj!idefldj ^beffedde DJ^ 4:

?%6%= Lbexefde DJ^ ?8

?%:%^bebigxgde Xbrhdji ?2GGG%ABXKHB ^BEBIGXGDE%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?6

=%4% Lbrdefld baglgrde ^bebigxgde %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ?6

=%?% Xdjd~de ^rk}b} ^bebigxgde% ?:

=%=% Ikld}g hde Vdlx ^bebigxgde%%%% =>

=%8% @beg} hde ]aobr Hdxd%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% =>


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sggg

=%2% Abxkhb ^befdaogide ]da~ib =>

=%3% ^befkidjde hde Dedig}g} Hdxd%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% =4

GS% JD]GI HDE ^BAODJD]DE =88%4% Fdaodrde Raa ^br}djdde%% =8

8%4%4 ]b`drdj hde brlbaodefde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%% =8

8%4%? Sg}g) Ag}g hde X`de LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%% =2

8%4%= ]xrlxr Krfdeg}d}g hde Lbxbedfdlbr`dde% =3

8%?% ]bfabexdxgke) Xdrfbxgef hde^k}gxgkegef%% =7

8%=% Odrde ^bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd% 8>

8%=%4 ^rkhl%% 8>

8%=%? Jdrfd 84

8%=%= Xba~dx%% 8?

8%=%8 ^rkak}g% 8?8%8% Dedig}g} Bibabe bew}e ]xrdxbfg bad}drde

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%%% 88

8%8%4 Ghbexgcgld}g Cdlxkr!cdlxkr bew}e ]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd% 82

8%8%? Dlxkr wdef Obr~brde hdida bew}ede ]xrdxbfg

^bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%%%%%%%%%% 86

8%8%= X`de bew}ede ]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%% 8:

8%8%8 Dixbredxgc ]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd 87

8%2 Dedig}g} bew}ede ]xrdxbfg bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

Abeffedlde Abxkhb DJ^ 24

8%2%4 Jd}gi ^befkidjde Hdxd hbefde DJ^ }bmdrd Jkrgpkexdi% 2=

D% Jd}gi befkidjde~dhd Ibsbi Dlxkr% 2=

O% Jd}gi ^befkidjde ~dhd Ibsbi X`de 23

M% Jd}gi ^befkidjde~dhd Ibsbi Dixbredxgc 2:

8%2%? Jd}gi ^befkidjde Hdxd hbefde DJ^ }bmdrd Sbrxgldi% 3>

D% Jd}gi befkidjde~dhd Ibsbi Cdlxkr% 3>

O% Jd}gi ^befkidjde ~dhd Ibsbi Dlxkr%% 3?

M% Jd}gi ^befkidjde ~dhd Ibsbi X`de 3=H% Jd}gi befkidjde~dhd Ibsbi Dixbredxgc 38

8%3 Ga~igld}g Aded`brgdi% 33

LB]GA^RIDE HDE ]D_DE%%%%%%%%%% 6>

4% Lb}ga~ide% 6>

?%]drde 64

HDCXD_ ^R]XDLD%%% 6?

IDA^G_DE%%%%%%%%%%%%% 68


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gz

HDCXD_ XDOBI

Ek% Jdidade

4% ^brlbaodefde `aidj hde skiab }djd RLA hg Ldo~dxbe Fdrx)@dvd Odrdx xdje ?>>:!?>>7%%% =

?% Egidg }ldid odehgef obr~d}defde ?>=% Adxrgl} ~behd~dx gehgsgh ?48% Adxrgl} ~behd~dx fdoefde%%%%% ??2% Gehbl} dmdl%% ?=3% Okokx hde ~rgkrgxd} bibabe dlxkr wdef obr~befdrj hdida

~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd% 28

6% Okokx hde ~rgkrgxd} bibabe x`de wdef gefge hgmd~dg hdida~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%% 23

:% Okokx hde ~rgkrgxd} bibabe dixbredxgc }xrdxbfg ~bad}drdeLRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd % 2:

7% Okokx hde ~rgkrgxd} cdlxkr!cdlxkr ~bew}e }xrdxbfg ~bad}drdeLRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd 3>

4>% Okokx hde ~rgkrgxd} dlxkr wdef obr~brde hdida ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg~bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd 3=

44% Okokx hde ~rgkrgxd} x`de }xrdxbfg ~bad}drdeLRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd 38

4?% Okokx hde ~rgkrgxd} dixbredxgc }xrdxbfg ~bad}drdeLRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%% 32


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z

HDCXD_ FDAOD_

Ek% Jdidade

4% Akhbi }bhbrjded ~rk}b} ~bad}drde *Lkxibr hde Dra}xrkef) ?>>:' 4>?% ]xrlxr jgrdrlg ibefld~ *Aiwkek hdida Bihgde}ke) ?>>:'% 47=% Dir lbrdefld ~baglgrde lke}b~xdi%%%%% ?:8% ]xrlxr jgrdrlg ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd

Lrgwd% =?

2% ]xrlxr krfdeg}d}g LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%%%% =33% Frdcgl ~be`dide ~rkhl LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd ?>>:!?>>7% 846% ]xrlxr jgrdrlg ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd

Lrgwd%% 88

:% Jd}gi ~befkidjde jkrgpkexdi ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LROPkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd 2?

7% Jd}gi ~befkidjde sbrxgldi ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LROPkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd 3:


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zg

HDCXD_ IDA^G_DE

Ek% Jdidade

4% Xdjd~de ~rk}b} ~bebigxgde%%% 68?% Lg}gkebr ~bebigxgde% 63=% Hdcxdr ~brxdewdde vdvdemdrd dvdi lb~dhd

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd% :6

8% Jd}gi ~brjgxefde jkrgpkexdi% ::2% Jd}gi ~brjgxefde sbrxgldi% 733% _defldgde ~rk}b} ~baodxde lbrd`gede dldr vdefg 766% _dfda ~rkhl lbrd`gede LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%% 4>=


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G% ^BEHDJRIRDE

4%4% Idxdr Obidldef

^brjdxgde ~dhd ~befbaodefde }blxkr R}djd Aglrk) Lbmgi hde Abebefdj

*RALA' abaobrglde adled xbr}behgrg ~dhd }djd ~begefldxde ~brxaojde

blkekag }brxd hdida }djd abeblde defld lbag}lgede }dx ebfdrd%

^brxaojde hde ~befbaodefde }blxkr RALA }brgef hgdrxglde }bodfdg }didj

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abagiglg gemkab ~brld~gxd wdef rbehdj% Obrhd}drlde hdxd wdef hgrgig} kibj Ogrk

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hdida xkxdi ~brxaojde ^rkhl Hkab}xgl Orxk *^HO' Ed}gkedi xdje ?>>>

}bob}dr 8)7 ~br}be) }bodewdl ?): ~br}be obrd}di hdrg ~brxaojde }blxkr RALA

*^rgagded) ?>>7'%

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~baodefede ~brblkekagde odef}d% ^befbaodefde RALA hd~dx hg`dhglde

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wdef rbibsde hde geksdxgc hg}da~gef ada~ abehkrkef rb}xrlxrg}d}g blkekag

hde akhbreg}d}g }djd!}djd wdef obr}gcdx xghdl }digef obrlka~bxg}g) }brxd

ada~ abehkrkef xbrmg~xdewd }blxkr }vd}xd }bodfdg }blxkr blkekag wdef

bcg}gbe%

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lbadehgrgde blkekag hde lb}b`djxbrdde ad}wdrdldx% ]didj }dx ~dwd ~babrgexdj

dhdidj hbefde hgmdedefldeewd ~rkfrda Keb Sgiidfb) Keb ^rkhmx ~dhd xdje

?>>6% ^rkfrda geg obrx`de exl abaodefe lbadehgrgde hde lb}b`djxbrdde

blkekag ikldi hbefde abefbl}~ikrd}g }aobr hdwd ljd} wdef hgagiglg xgd~

hdbrdj abidig ~bemg~xdde ~rkhl lbodeffdde ikldi% ^rkhl lbodeffde ikldi

wdef abehkaged}g ~rkfrda geg dhdidj lbrd`gede hde adldede%


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?

Geh}xrg lbmgi lbrd`gede abagiglg lbada~de ob}dr hdida ~bewbrd~de

xbedfd lbr`d% Geh}xrg lbmgi lbrd`gede geg xbr}bodr id} hg }birj ~bik}kl Gehkeb}gd

hbefde od}g} ~kxbe}g ~rkhl}g hg obrodfdg vgidwdj) }didj }dxewd hg @dvd Odrdx%

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~bemd~dgde wdef abefb}delde% Obrhd}drlde hdxd wdef hgrgig} Hged} ^brgeh}xrgde

hde ^brhdfdefde ^rksge}g @dvd Odrdx) hg}boxlde odjvd rbdig}d}g egidg bl}~kr

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gx) geh}xrg lbrd`gede geg ~e ada~ abeffbrdlde }blgxdr 8> ~br}be geh}xrg lbmgi

abebefdj *ldxbfkrg geh}xrg radj xdeffd'%

]didj }dx hdbrdj hg @dvd Odrdx wdef xbrlbedi hbefde lbeffide }blxkr

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}b`dl idad hglbedi hbefde lbrd`gede ligx `fd abagiglg }aobr hdwd ljd} idge

wdef hd~dx hglbaodeflde abe`dhg ~rkhl lbrd`gede wdef egl wdgx dldr vdefg%

Dldr vdefg *Sbxgsbrgd Pgpdegkghb}' abr~dlde xdedade wdef xbrfkikef lb hdida

cdagig Frdagedb *ra~x!ra~xde'%

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vdefg d}di Ldo~dxbe Fdrx xbrad}l ekagedxgc hegd) xbxd~g ohghdwd dldr

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dx}grg }bodfdg odjde hd}dr vbvdefgde dxd lk}abxgl%

^badecddxde dldr vdefg }bodfdg odjde xdad ~rkhl lbrd`gede

abr~dlde ~kxbe}g wdef ob}dr hde aba~ewdg ~rk}~bl wdef odgl hdida

ldgxdeewd hbefde ~befbaodefde }djd lbmgi obrod}g} ~brxdegde wdef hgjdrd~dldehd~dx abegefldxlde lb}b`djxbrdde ~drd lbika~kl }djd *xbrad}l ~bxdeg'%

Edae) dhdewd lbxbrodxd}de ~befbxdjde hde lbxbrda~gide hdida oghdef

~bad}drde wdef hgagiglg kibj lbika~kl }djd abaodx ~bri dhdewd

~bakxgsd}gde hde ~behda~gefde xbrjdhd~ lbika~kl }djd dfdr hd~dx

abefbaodeflde }djd lbrd`gede dldr vdefg }bmdrd obrlbide`xde% Kibj ldrbed

gx) hgoxjlde }dx ~bebigxgde exl abra}lde }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef xb~dx

odfg lbika~kl }djd wdef abefjd}gilde ~rkhl lbrd`gede dldr vdefg%


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=

4%?% bra}de Ad}didj

Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx abr~dlde }didj }dx hdbrdj wdef abagiglg

~kxbe}g }aobr hdwd ikldi wdef egl hde ~rk}~bl ~brxaojde RALA wdef odgl

exl hglbaodeflde hdida x`de abaodefe lbadehgrgde blkekag hdbrdj

abidig ~befbaodefde }blxkr lbrd`gedeewd% Jdi geg hgxe`llde hdida xdobi

~brlbaodefde RALA hg Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx%

Xdobi 4% ^brlbaodefde `aidj hde skiab }djd RLA hg Ldo~dxbe

Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx xdje ?>>:!?>>7

Ek Rrdgde ]dxde ?>>: ?>>7 ^brlbaodefde

4 @aidj RLA Regx 4?%>6: 4?%8== 4)82"

?

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2 Akhdi Idr _~ :=%884%642 :3%667%8?4 4)73"

3 Xbedfd Lbr`d Krdef ?3%377 ?6%636 4)73"

]aobr0 Hged} brgehdflk~ # RLA Ldo~dxbe Fdrx *vvv%fdrxldo%fk%gh'

Ldo~dxbe Fdrx wdef }b`dl idad ghbexgl hbefde ligx hde hkhki }bodfdg

~rkhl effide hdbrdjewd) xbrewdxd abagiglg ~kxbe}g }aobr hdwd effide

idgeewd wdef }defdx ~kxbe}gdi exl hglbaodeflde) wdgx dldr vdefg% ]b`dl xdje47?>!de dldr vdefg wdef hg~rkhl}g }bmdrd ob}dr!ob}drde hg Ldo~dxbe Fdrx)

@dvd Odrdx jdewd hgadecddxlde }bodfdg odjde hd}dr ~baodxde agewdl dx}grg hde

lk}abxgl% Lbahgde) odr ~dhd xdje 473>!de aidg hglbaodeflde }djd

lbrd`gede dldr vdefg kibj ~bxdeg }bxba~dx% Edae) ldigxd} hde lkexgegxd} }djd

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}djd agewdl dx}grg%

^dhdjdi) ad}gj xbrhd~dx rdfda dldr vdefg wdef }defdx }b}dg exl

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vdefg wdef ~de`def }bjgeffd hd~dx hglbaodeflde abe`dhg ~rkhl lbrd`gede

wdef }defdx gehdj hde `fd abagiglg adecddx }bodfdg drkadxbrd~g hde ~bef}gr

ewdal wdef rdadj igeflefde% ^kxbe}g gegidj wdef lbahgde hgadecddxlde hde

hglbaodeflde Lbika~kl R}djd Obr}dad *LRO' Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd) hg

Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx exl abadecddxlde dldr vdefg }bodfdg odjde

odl hdrg obrodfdg ~rkhl lbrd`gede wdef hgjd}gilde }b`dl xdje 4777%


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8

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd abefjd}gilde ~rkhl!~rkhl lbrd`gede wdef

abagiglg egidg b}xbxgld hde ldigxd} xgeffg hbefde abadecddxlde dldr vdefg

}bodfdg adxbrgdi xdad hdrg }birj ~rkhl lbrd`gedeewd% Lb}birjde ~rkhl

wdef hgjd}gilde kibj RLA ~bebrgad ~befjdrfdde ^befdohg ^drgvg}dxd Xgefldx

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olde ab}ge hbefde }bexjde fdaodr geksdxgc) lrbdxgc hde hbefde hb}dge wdef

hd~dx hg~b}de }b}dg }bibrd ~bideffde%

^rkhl!~rkhl wdef hgjd}gilde RLA geg abadhlde dldr vdefg }bodfdg

odjde xdad hbefde odxkl lbid~d) odao mbehdeg }brxd oi gxgl wdef lbahgde

hglbika~kllde abe`dhg xgfd lbika~kl ~rkhl) wdgx0 ~rkhl cd}jgkedoib)

cef}gkedi) hde hblkrdxgc% ^rkhl!~rkhl lbrd`gede dldr vdefg wdef hgjd}gilde

kibj hbid~de lbika~kl }djd geg) dexdrd idge0 rdfda debld xd~idl ab`d) xd})

ida~gke) xhef }d`g) xx~ lild}) okebld) }dref odexdi) jgeffd }bldx rdefde%

Vdid~e ~def}d ~d}dr }brxd ~rkhlxgsgxd} }djd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

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kibj ~gjdl gexbredi ~br}djdde) LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd obia abagiglg ckl}

hdida abrdemdef) abackraid}glde }brxd abefga~ibabexd}glde }xrdxbfg

~bad}drde hdida abefbaodeflde }djdewd% ^dhdjdi) }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde

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obrlb}gedaoefde abidig ~d}dr wdef hgad}lg hde ~rkfrda wdef hgfedlde

exl abidwdeg ~d}dr }d}drde xbr}box%

Hbefde dhdewd ~bra}de }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef xb~dx }b}dg hbefde

lkehg}g ~br}djdde) xrbeh) }brxd ~brodjde igeflefde) }dx ~br}djdde dlde

ada~ abefbaodeflde lbeffide obr}dgefewd }brxd ada~ abaodx~br}djdde aba~brxdjdelde bl}g}xbe}g }djdewd }bmdrd obrlbide`xde% Kibj

ldrbed gx) obrhd}drlde idxdr obidldef wdef xbidj hglbaldlde) adld

~brad}didjde ~bebigxgde geg dlde hgra}lde }bodfdg obrglx 0

4% Cdlxkr!cdlxkr d~d }d`d wdef aba~befdrjg ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drdeLRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd;

?% Odfdgaded }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef xb~dx exl hgga~ibabexd}glde kibj LROPkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd;


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2

4%=% X`de ^bebigxgde

Obrhd}drlde idxdr obidldef hde ra}de ad}didj wdef xbidj hgrdglde hg

dxd}) adld x`de wdef dlde hgmd~dg hdida ~bebigxgde geg dexdrd idge0

4% Abefghbexgcgld}g cdlxkr!cdlxkr wdef aba~befdrjg hde abe`dhg e}r~bew}ede }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%

?% Abew}e hde abrblkabehd}glde }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef xb~dx exlhgxbrd~lde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%

4%8% Adecddx bebigxgde

Jd}gi wdef hg~brkibj abidig lbfgdxde ~bebigxgde geg hgjdrd~lde hd~dx

abaobrglde adecddx }bodfdg obrglx 0

4% Odfg Lbika~kl R}djd Obr}dad *LRO' Pkmjd Frdjd LrgwdJd}gi ~bebigxgde hgjdrd~lde hd~dx abe`dhg }aodef }drde wdef ~k}gxgc odfg

~bidl }djd dfdr hd~dx abe`dhg odjde ad}lde ad~e ~brxgaodefde hdida

abew}e }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde odfg ~rkhl wdef hgjd}gilde%

?% Odfg Dldhbag}gJd}gi ~bebigxgde hgjdrd~lde hd~dx abaobrglde fdaodrde }brxd ~befbxdjde

~bebrd~de abxkhb Dediwxgmdi Jgbrdrmjw ^rkmb}} *DJ^' hdida abew}e

}xrdxbfg ~bad}drde }brxd }bodfdg }aobr geckrad}g exl ~bebigxgde ibogj ide`x%

=% Odfg Ibaodfd babrgexdjJd}gi ~bebigxgde hgjdrd~lde hd~dx abe`dhg odjde ad}lde wdef xbrldgx hbefde

lbog`dlde ~bad}drde odfg ~befbaodefde }djd lbmgi obrod}g}lde ~brxdegde

hbefde lkakhgxg effide dldr vdefg%

8% Odfg Ad}wdrdldx RaaJd}gi ~bebigxgde hgjdrd~lde hd~dx aba~brldwd ljd}dedj lbgiade ad}wdrdldx

hde abe`dhg }didj }dx rbcbrbe}g dixbredxgc ~bew}ede }xrdxbfg oghdef

~bad}drde odfg RALA%

4%2% _def Igefl~ ^bebigxgde

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vdefg ~dhd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd geg hgidllde ~dhd ~}dx }djd *}blrbxdrgdx'

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd hg @dide ^dlvke Ek% 4>) Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx%

_def igefl~ dedig}g} hde ~baodjd}de hdida ~bebigxgde geg abig~xg ~rkcgi LRO


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3

Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd) fdaodrde aa }djd ~rkhl lbrd`gede dldr vdefg) dedig}g}

xbrjdhd~ ]bfabexdxgke) Xdrfbxgef hde ^k}gxgkegef *]X^' hde odrde ~bad}drde

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%

Abidig dedig}g} }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde ~dhd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd geg dlde

hg~brkibj cdlxkr!cdlxkr wdef obr~befdrj hde abe`dhg e}r ~bew}e jgrdrlg

}xrdxbfg ~bad}drde% Cdlxkr hde e}r ~bew}e jgrdrlg }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde xbr}box

lbahgde dlde hgdedig}g} hbefde abxkhb Dediwxgmdi Jgbrdrmjw ^rkmb}} *DJ^'

dfdr abefjd}gilde rblkabehd}g }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef hd~dx hgga~ibabexd}glde

kibj LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd exl ~befbaodefde }djd lbrd`gede dldr vdefg

wdef hg`dideldeewd%


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GG% XGE@DRDE ^R]XDLD

?%4% Hbcgeg}g RALA *R}djd Aglrk) Lbmgi) hde Abebefdj'

Obrhd}drlde Rehdef!Rehdef Ek% ?> xdje ?>>: xbexdef RALA wdef

hglxg~ hdrg vvv%og%fk%gh) dhd obobrd~d lrgxbrgd wdef hg~brfedlde exl

abehbcgeg}glde ~befbrxgde hde lrgxbrgd R}djd Aglrk) Lbmgi hde Abebefdj%

^befbrxgde!~befbrxgde RALA xbr}box dhdidj 0

4% R}djd AglrkLrgxbrgd lbika~kl R}djd Aglrk dhdidj }djd ~rkhlxgc agigl krdef ~brkrdefde

hde+dxd odhde }djd ~brkrdefde wdef ababejg lrgxbrgd R}djd Aglrk

}bodfdgaded hgdxr hdida Rehdef!Rehdef geg%

?% R}djd LbmgiLrgxbrgd R}djd Lbmgi Dhdidj }djd blkekag ~rkhlxgc wdef obrhgrg }behgrg)

wdef hgidllde kibj krdef ~brkrdefde dxd odhde }djd wdef olde

abr~dlde dedl ~br}djdde dxd olde mdodef ~br}djdde wdef hgagiglg)

hgld}dg) dxd abe`dhg odfgde odgl idef}ef ad~e xghdl idef}ef hdrg }djd

abebefdj dxd }djd ob}dr wdef ababejg lrgxbrgd R}djd Lbmgi }bodfdgaded

hgadl}h hdida Rehdef!Rehdef geg%

=% R}djd AbebefdjLrgxbrgd R}djd Abebefdj dhdidj }djd blkekag ~rkhlxgc wdef obrhgrg }behgrg)

wdef hgidllde kibj krdef ~br}bkrdefde dxd odhde }djd wdef olde

abr~dlde dedl ~br}djdde dxd mdodef ~br}djdde wdef hgagiglg) hgld}dg)

dxd abe`dhg odfgde odgl idef}ef ad~e xghdl idef}ef hbefde R}djd Lbmgi

dxd }djd ob}dr hbefde `aidj lbldwdde obr}gj dxd jd}gi ~be`dide xdjede

}bodfdgaded hgdxr hdida Rehdef!Rehdef geg%

Lrgxbrgd R}djd Aglrk) Lbmgi hde Abebefdj *RALA' aberx RR Ek% ?>

xdje ?>>: geg hgfkikeflde obrhd}drlde `aidj d}bx hde ka}bx wdef hgagiglg

kibj }bodj }djd }b~brxg wdef hgrdglde }bodfdg obrglx0

4% R}djd Aglrkd% Abagiglg lbldwdde obr}gj ~digef odewdl _~% 2>%>>>%>>>)>> *igad ~ij `xd

r~gdj' xghdl xbrad}l xdedj hde odefede xba~dx }djd< dxd

o% Abagiglg jd}gi ~be`dide xdjede ~digef odewdl _~% =>>%>>>%>>>)>> *xgfd


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:

rdx} `xd r~gdj'%

?% R}djd Lbmgid% Abagiglg lbldwdde obr}gj ibogj hdrg _~% 2>%>>>%>>>)>> *igad ~ij `xd

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r~gdj' xghdl xbrad}l xdedj hde odefede xba~dx }djd< dxd

o% Abagiglg jd}gi ~be`dide xdjede ibogj hdrg _~% =>>%>>>%>>>)>> *xgfd rdx}`xd r~gdj' }da~dg hbefde ~digef odewdl _~% ?%2>>%>>>%>>>)>> *hd agiwdr

igad rdx} `xd r~gdj'%

=% R}djd Abebefdjd% Abagiglg lbldwdde obr}gj ibogj hdrg _~% 2>>%>>>%>>>)>> *igad rdx} `xd

r~gdj' }da~dg hbefde ~digef odewdl _~% 4>%>>>%>>>%>>>)>> *}b~ij

agiwdr r~gdj'< dxd

o% Abagiglg jd}gi ~be`dide xdjede ibogj hdrg _~% ?%2>>%>>>%>>>)>> *hdagiwdr igad rdx} `xd r~gdj' }da~dg hbefde ~digef odewdl _~%

2>%>>>%>>>%>>>)>> *igad ~ij agiwdr r~gdj'%

Obrhd}drlde ~d}di ? RR Ek% ?> xdje ?>>:) RALA obrd}d}lde0 *4'

lblbidrfdde< *?' hbaklrd}g blkekag< *=' lbobr}dadde< *8' bcg}gbe}g obrlbdhgide>6'%

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deh bsbrwxjgef g} adrlbxgef% Hbefde ldxd idge) ~bad}drde olde idfg }blbhdr

hb~drxbabe dxd cef}g aded`brgdi hdida }bodj krfdeg}d}g% ^bad}drde xbidj

abe`biad abe`dhg cgik}kcg hde mdrd obrog}eg} wdef obrkrgbexd}g ~dhd ~bad}de

lboxjde hde lbgefgede ~bideffde }bmdrd bcblxgc) bcg}gbe) hde bxg} }bhbaglgde

r~d }bjgeffd ibogj effi hgodehgeflde ~drd ~b}dgef hde obrlkexrgo}g ~dhd

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Aberx Lkxibr hde Dra}xrkef *?>>:') ~bad}drde dhdidj }dx ~rk}b}

}k}gdi hde aded`brgdi hgaded ~rgodhg dxd krfdeg}d}g aba~brkibj d~d wdef

abrbld oxjlde hde gefgelde abidig ~bemg~xdde hde ~brxldrde egidg hbefde

wdef idge% Hdida lkexbl} og}eg} wdef ibogj }ba~gx) ~bad}drde abemdl~

abemg~xdlde joefde ~brxldrde adxde egidg hbefde ~bideffde wdef

abefexeflde% Kibj ldrbed gx) hbcgeg}g ~bad}drde dhdidj ~rk}b} hgaded

~br}djdde abemg~xdlde egidg odfg ~bideffde hde abaodefe joefde wdef

ldx hbefde ~bideffde hbefde x`de exl abedefld~ egidg hdrg ~bideffde

}bodfdg gaodideewd%


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4>

^rk}b} ~bad}drde }bmdrd }bhbrjded hgfdaodrlde hdida igad idefldj)

}b~brxg wdef hggi}xrd}glde hdida Fdaodr 4% Hdida ba~dx idefldj ~brxdad)

~br}djdde oblbr`d exl abadjdag ~bideffde) abemg~xdlde egidg odfg

~bideffde) hde abaodefe joefde wdef ldx hbefde ~bideffde% Hdida

idefldj dljgr) ~br}djdde abedg jd}gi hdrg abemg~xdlde egidg effi odfg

~bideffde% Hbefde abemg~xdlde egidg odfg ~bideffde) }bodfdg gaodideewd abrbld

abedefld~ egidg hdrg ~bideffdeewd hdida obexl ~be`dide) idod) hde blgxd}

~bideffde hdida defld ~de`def *Lkxibr hde Dra}xrkef) ?>>:'%

Abemg~xdlde egidg exl ~bideffde hde

abaodefe joefde ~bideffde

Abedefld~ lbaodig egidg ~bideffde

Fdaodr 4%Akhbi }bhbrjded ~rk}b} ~bad}drde *Lkxibr hde Dra}xrkef) ?>>:'

Ckl} xdad ~rk}b} ~bad}drde dhdidj exl abemg~xdlde }brxd

abedefld~ lbaodig egidg ~bideffde% Jdi geg }b`dide hbefde lke}b~ ~bad}drde

wdef obr~dehdefde odjvd lemg exl abv`hlde x`de krfdeg}d}g xbribxdl

~dhd lbada~de krfdeg}d}g hdida abemg~xdlde) abaobrglde) hde

abefkaegld}glde egidg ~bideffde *m}xkabr sdib' lb~dhd ~d}dr }d}drdeewd

}bmdrd ibogj bcblxgc hgodehgeflde ~dhd ~b}dgef% Hbcgeg}g egidg ~bideffde dhdidjrd}gk dexdrd d~d wdef hg~brkibj ~bideffde hde d~d wdef gd obrglde *X`g~xkek)

?>>:'%

?%=% ]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde

Obrhd}drlde d}di!}i ldxd) g}xgidj }xdrxbfg obrd}di hdrg odjd}d Wedeg

}xdrxbfgd *}xrdxk} 1 agigxbr< hde gf 1 abaga~ge') wdef drxgewd }beg dxd gia

exl abe`dhg }bkrdef `behrdi% Hdida lkexbl} og}eg}) }xrdxbfg abeffdaodrlde

drdj og}eg} wdef abefglxg igeflefde wdef hg~gigj hde abr~dlde ~bhkade

Abadjdag ~d}dr

hde lboxjde

}brxd lbgefgede

~bideffde

Abrdemdef }xrdxbfg

~bad}drde wdef

hgfbrdllde kibj

~bideffde

Abaodefe joefde

wdef abefexeflde

hde abemg~xdlde

lb~d}de ~bideffde

Abaodefe ~rkfrda

~bad}drde xbrgexbfrd}g

wdef abaobrg egidg

effi

Abedefld~ egidg hdrg

~bideffde exl

abemg~xdlde lbexefde

hde blgxd} ~bideffde


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44

exl abefdikld}glde }aobr hdwd hde }djd krfdeg}d}g *X`g~xkek hde Hgded)

?>>>'%

Aberx @dge hdida X`g~xkek hde Hgded *?>>>' ~dhd aaewd) }dx

krfdeg}d}g og}eg} abaoxjlde }xrdxbfg d~dogid obrdhd hdida obobrd~d }gxd}g

obrglx0

4% ]aobr hdwd *ade}gd) akhdi) odjde odl) xblekikfg) vdlx) hde idge!idge'wdef hgagiglg xbrodxd}%

?% Dhd lbxghdl~d}xgde abefbedg lbldxde obr}dgef krfdeg}d}g%=% Lkagxabe xbrjdhd~ }aobr hdwd xghdl hd~dx hgodj idfg%8% Lb~x}de!lb~x}de jdr} hglkkrhged}glde dexdr odfgde }b~de`def vdlx%2% Dhd lbxghdl~d}xgde abefbedg ~befbehdigde geg}gdxgc%

Aberx Kjadb hdida Hgrfdexkrk *?>>4') ~brobhdde }xrdxbfg og}eg}

hbefde ~brbemdedde og}eg} xbribxdl ~dhd ldxd lbeffide obr}dgef% Xde~d

~b}dgef) xghdl hg~brilde dhdewd }xrdxbfg% Kibj ldrbed gx) idjgridj fdfd}de

aded`babe }xdrdxbfg} wdef obrdrxg abemd~dg hde aba~brxdjdelde lbeffide

lka~bxgxgc% G}xgidj lbeffide lka~bxgxgc hd~dx hgdrxglde }bodfdg }bfdid }b}dx

wdef hd~dx hgidllde hbefde `dj ibogj odgl kibj }bodj ~br}djdde ogid

hgodehgeflde hbefde ~br}djdde!~br}djdde }dgefde *Hdsgh) ?>>7'%

Aberx Radr *?>>4' hdida }g}g xgefldxde aded`babe) xbrhd~dx hd `beg}

~brbemdedde) wdgx0

4% ^brbemdedde ]xrdxbfg}Abr~dlde odfgde hdrg aded`babe }xrdxbfg}% Aded`babe }xrdxbfg} dhdidj }beg

hde gia exl ~baodxde *ckraidxgef') ~bebrd~de *ga~ibabexgef' hde

bsdid}g *bsdidxgef' lb~x}de!lb~x}de }xrdxbfg} dexdr cef}g wdef

abaeflgelde }bodj krfdeg}d}g abemd~dg x`de hg ad}d hdxdef% @dhg)~brbemdedde }xrdxbfg} ibogj xbrckl} ~dhd odfdgaded aded`babe ~emdl

abebexlde sg}g) ag}g) cdi}dcdj) hde }xrdxbfg ~br}djdde exl abemd~dg x`de

~br}djdde hdida defld ~de`def%

?% ^brbemdedde k~brd}gkediAbr~dlde odfgde hdrg }xrdxbfg k~brd}gkedi wdef ibogj abefdrdj ~dhd oghdef

cef}gkedi ~br}djdde hdida rdefld exl aba~br`bid} adled }dx }xrdxbfg

xdad hbefde ghbexgcgld}g rgemgde wdef }gcdxewd }~b}gcgl hde obr`defld ~behbl%


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4?

]xrdxbfg cef}gkedi geg abe`dhg ~beexe hdida abidllde obrodfdg dlxgsgxd}

dfdr lke}g}xbe olde jdewd hbefde }xrdxbfg xdadewd }d`d) abidgelde `fd

hbefde }xrdxbfg hg oghdef cef}gkedi idgeewd%

Obrhd}drlde rdgde wdef dhd) ghbexgcgld}g hde ~bebexde }xrdxbfg obrodfdg

oghdef cef}gkedi }defdx ~bexgef ldrbed hd~dx ibogj aba~br`bid} }xrdxbfg xdad%

Kibj ldrbed gx) xghdl dhd ~gigjde idge odfg aded`babe lbmdig abefbaodeflde

obrodfdg }xrdxbfg oghdef cef}gkedi hbefde abaobrglde ~brjdxgde xdad ~dhd

oghdef!oghdef cef}gkedi wdef ~bexgef) }didj }dxewd dhdidj oghdef ~bad}drde%

Xbrhd~dx obobrd~d admda ~befbrxgde }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde hdrg ~drd djig%

Aberx Adrr} hdida Radr *?>>4' }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde hghbcgeg}lde }bodfdg

}dx ~rk}b} ~bebexde rbemded ~drd ~baga~ge ~emdl wdef obrckl} ~dhd x`de

`defld ~de`def krfdeg}d}g) hg}brxdg ~bew}ede }dx mdrd dxd ~dwd odfdgaded

dfdr x`de xbr}box hd~dx hgmd~dg% ]xrdxbfg ~bad}drde hghbcgeglde }bmdrd lj}}

}bodfdg xgehdlde wdef obr}gcdx gemrbabexdi *}bedexgd}d abegefldx' hde xbr}!

abebr}) }brxd hgidllde obrhd}drlde }hx ~dehdef xbexdef d~d wdef hgjdrd~lde

kibj ~drd ~bideffde hg ad}d hb~de *^rdjdidh hdida Radr) ?>>4'%

Aberx Hdsgh *?>>3' }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde dhdidj }beg hde gia exl

abackraid}g) abefga~ibabexd}g) hde abefbsdid}g lb~x}de igexd} cef}g

wdef abaeflgelde krfdeg}d}g hd~dx abemd~dg x`deewd% ^rk}b} aded`babe

}xrdxbfg} xbrhgrg dxd} xgfd xdjd~) wdgx0 ckraid}g }xrdxbfg) ga~ibabexd}g }xrdxbfg) hde

bsdid}g }xrdxbfg%

Ckraid}g }xrdxbfg xbrad}l abefbaodeflde sg}g hde ag}g)

abefghbexgcgld}g ~bidef hde demdade bl}xbredi ~br}djdde) abebexlde

lbldxde hde lbibadjde gexbredi) abebxd~lde x`de `defld ~de`def)

abra}lde dixbredxgc }xrdxbfg) hde abagigj }xrdxbfg xbrxbex wdef dldehgidl}dedlde% Ga~ibabexd}g }xrdxbfg dxd }brgef ldig hg}box xdjd~ ~bidl}dedde

}xrdxbfg obrdrxg abakogig}d}g ldrwdvde hde aded`br exl abeba~dxlde }xrdxbfg

wdef xbidj hgckraid}glde abe`dhg xgehdlde% ]bhdeflde bsdid}g }xrdxbfg dhdidj

xdjd~ cgedi hdida aded`babe }xrdxbfg}%

Aberx X`g~xkek *?>>:') }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde abr~dlde rbemded wdef

abe`dodrlde bl}~blxd}g ~br}djdde dlde hda~dl hdrg obrodfdg dlxgsgxd} dxd

~rkfrda ~bad}drde xbrjdhd~ ~bragexdde ~rkhl dxd igeg ~rkhlewd hg ~d}dr


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}d}drde xbrxbex% ^rkfrda ~bad}drde abig~xg xgehdlde!xgehdlde ~bad}drde wdef

hd~dx aba~befdrjg ~bragexdde xbrjdhd~ ~rkhl) hgdexdrdewd hdida jdi

abefodj jdrfd) abakhgcgld}g lda~dewb glide) abrdemdef ~rkak}g lj}})

abebexlde ~gigjde }dirde hg}xrgo}g) hde }bodfdgewd%

?%8% ]bfabexdxgke) Xdrfbxgef hde^k}gxgkegef

Hdida hegd og}eg}) dhd odewdl `beg} lke}abe hbefde odewdl rdfda

lboxjde% ]bodfgde ~br}djdde obrdhd hdida ~k}g}g exl abidwdeg obobrd~d

}bfabe hbefde ibogj odgl hdrg~dhd }bfabe idgeewd% Kibj ldrbed gx) ad}gef!

ad}gef ~br}djdde jdr} abaodfg lb}birjde ~d}dr) abagigj }bfabe xbrodgl)

hde abrdemdef }xrdxbfg exl abidwdeg }bfabe xbr~gigj hbefde odgl *Lkxibr hdeDra}xrkef) ?>>6'% ^rk}b} ~bagigjde }bfabe ~d}dr xbrodgl hde ~brdemdefde

}xrdxbfg exl abidwdeg }bfabe ~d}dr wdef hg~gigj xbr}box abigodxlde }bfabexd}g

~d}dr) ~bebxd~de xdrfbx ~d}dr) hgcbrbe}gd}g) hde ~k}gxgkegef ~d}dr% Aberx

Lkxibr hde Dra}xrkef *?>>6') ~befbrxgde g}xgidj!g}xgidj xbr}box) wdgx0

4% ]bfabexd}g d}dr]bfabexd}g ~d}dr dhdidj ~rk}b} abaodfg ~d}dr abe`dhg lbika~kl ~baobig

obrobhd wdef aba~ewdg lboxjde) ldrdlxbrg}xgl) dxd ~brgidl wdef obrobhd

hde wdef aeflge ababrilde ~rkhl dxd ~rkfrda ~bad}drde xbr~g}dj%

]bfabe ~d}dr }behgrg xbrhgrg hdrg }blbika~kl lke}abe wdef abrb}~ke

hbefde mdrd wdef }dad xbrjdhd~ }b`aidj }djd ~bad}drde xbrxbex%

?% Xdrfbx d}dr^bebxd~de xdrfbx ~d}dr dhdidj ~rk}b} abefbsdid}g hdwd xdrgl ad}gef ad}gef

}bfabe ~d}dr hde abagigj }dx dxd ibogj `aidj }bfabe wdef hgad}lg%

=% Hgcbrbe}gd}g ~d}dr hde ^k}gxgkegef^k}gxgkegef wdef bcblxgc hgaidg hbefde hgcbrbe}gd}g wdef obedr!obedr

abehgcbrbe}gd}glde ~bedvdrde ~d}dr ~br}djdde }bjgeffd ~br}djdde hd~dx

abaobrglde egidg ibogj lb~dhd lke}abe% ]bhdeflde ~k}gxgkegef dhdidj

~befdxrde ~rkhl exl abehhlg xba~dx wdef `bid}) obrobhd) hde

hggefgelde rbidxgc xbrjdhd~ ~rkhl ~b}dgef hdida ~glgrde lke}abe }d}drde%


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?%2% Lke}b~ Odrde ^bad}drde *Adrlbxgef Agz'

Aded`babe ~bad}drde hglbika~kllde hdida ba~dx d}~bl wdef }brgef

hglbedi hbefde adrlbxgef agz dxd odrde ~bad}drde% Aberx Lkxibr hde

Dra}xrkef *?>>:' odrde ~bad}drde *adrlbxgef agz' dhdidj la~ide didx

~bad}drde xdlxg} xbrlbehdig wdef hg~dhlde ~br}djdde exl abefjd}gilde

rb}~ke wdef hggefgeldeewd hg ~d}dr }d}drde% Odrde ~bad}drde xbrhgrg hdrg ba~dx

lbika~kl sdrgdobi wdef hg}box ba~dx ^)wdgx0

?%2%4 ^rkhmx+ ^rkhl

^rkhl obrdrxg lkaoged}g odrdef hde `d}d wdef hgxdvdrlde ~br}djdde

lb~dhd ~d}dr }d}drde% Bibabe!bibae wdef xbrad}l hdida odrde ~rkhl dexdrd

idge rdfda ~rkhl) ldigxd}) hb}gfe) cgxr) edad abrbl) lbad}de) }brxd idwdede%

Aberx Lkxibr *?>>2' ~rkhl hd~dx hglid}gcgld}glde abe`dhg xgfd lbika~kl

aberx hdwd xdjde hde v`hewd) wdgx0

4% Odrdef wdef xghdl xdjde idad *ekehrdoib fkkh}' dhdidj odrdef odrdefobrv`h wdef ogd}dewd hglke}a}g hdida }dx dxd obobrd~d ldig

~beffedde%

?% Odrdef xdjde idad *hrdoib fkkh}' dhdidj odrdef obrv`h wdef ogd}dewdxbxd~ obrxdjde vdid~e }hdj hgfedlde obobrd~d ldig% ^rkhl xdjde idad

~dhd aaewd ababrilde ~be`dide hde ~bidwdede wdef ibogj ~rgodhg)

abefbedlde adr`ge wdef ibogj xgeffg) hde ababrilde ibogj odewdl hdrg

~be`di%

=% @d}d *}brsgmb}' dhdidj ~rkhl wdef xghdl obrv`h) xghdl hd~dx hg~g}djlde) hdeahdj jdog}% ^rkhl `beg} geg) ababrilde ~befbehdigde ax) lrbhgogigxd}

~bad}kl) hde lbada~de ~bewb}dgde wdef ibogj xgeffg% ^rkhl!~rkhl `d}d

kibj ~br}djdde jdr}idj hg}b}dglde hbefde x`de hdrg ~br}djdde) }bjgeffd

~rkhl d}d wdef hgxdvdrlde hd~dx abad}lde lke}abe%

?%2%? ^rgmb+ Jdrfd

Jdrfd dhdidj `aidj def wdef jdr} hgodwdrlde ~bideffde exl

aba~brkibj ~rkhl% Jdrfd dhdidj }dx!}dxewd e}r odrde ~bad}drde wdef

abefjd}gilde ~behd~dxde) }bhdeflde e}r!e}r idgeewd abefjd}gilde ogdwd%

Jdrfd dhdidj e}r odrde ~bad}drde wdef ~digef ahdj hg}b}dglde hde

abaoxjlde vdlx wdef rbidxgc }gefldx) }bhdeflde mgrg!mgrg ~rkhl) }dirde


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hg}xrgo}g) odjlde ~rkak}g abaoxjlde ibogj odewdl vdlx% Jdrfd `fd

aba~k}g}glde egidg wdef hgadl}hlde ~br}djdde lb~dhd ~d}dr xbexdef ~rkhl

hde abrblewd *Lkxibr) ?>>2'%

?%2%=^idmb+Xba~dx

Xba~dx dxd }dirde ~bad}drde abig~xg lbfgdxde ~br}djdde wdef

abaodx ~rkhl xbr}bhgd odfg ~bideffde }d}drde% ]dirde ~bad}drde dhdidj

rdefldgde krfdeg}d}g wdef }digef xbrfdexef wdef xbrigodx hdida ~rk}b} exl

abe`dhglde }dx ~rkhl dxd `d}d }gd~ exl hgfedlde dxd hglke}a}g% ]dirde

~bad}drde hd~dx hghbcgeg}glde }bodfdg jga~ede ~br}djdde hde ~brkrdefde wdef

abefdaogi digj jdl dxd abaodex hdida ~befdigjde jdl dxd} odrdef dxd `d}d

xbrxbex }bidad odrdef dxd `d}d xbr}box obr~gehdj hdrg ~rkh}be lb lke}abe

*Lkxibr) ?>>2'%

?%2%8 ^rkakxgke+ rkak}g

^rkak}g obrdrxg dlxgsgxd} wdef abewda~dglde ~rkhl hde abao`l

~bideffde exl abaobigewd% Hbcgeg}g ~rkak}g aberx Lkxibr *?>>2' dhdidj

obrodfdg lbfgdxde wdef hgidllde kibj ~rkh}be exl abefkaegld}glde

adecddx hdrg ~rkhlewd) abao`l) hde abefgefdxlde ~drd lke}abe }d}drde

dfdr abaobig ~rkhl xbr}box% ]bmdrd rgemg x`de ~rkak}g aberx X`g~xkek

*?>>:' dhdidj }bodfdg obrglx0

4% Abefgeckrad}glde) hd~dx obr~d0d% Abefgeckrad}glde ~d}dr abefbedg lbobrdhdde }dx ~rkhl odro% Aba~brlbedilde mdrd ~badldgde wdef odr }dx ~rkhlm% Abewda~dglde ~brodjde jdrfd lb~dhd ~d}drh% Abefgeckrad}glde d}d!`d}d wdef hg}bhgdlde kibj ~br}djddeb% Abir}lde lb}de wdef lbigrc% Abefrdefg lbxdlxde dxd lbljdvdxgrde ~baobigf% Abaodefe mgxrd ~br}djdde

?% Abao`l ~bideffde }d}drde exl0d% Abaobexl ~gigjde abrblo% Abefdigjlde ~gigjde abrbl lb abrbl xbrxbexm% Abefodj ~br}b~}g ~bideffde xbr}box dxrgox ~rkhlh% Abehkrkef ~baobig exl obide`d }ddx gx `fd


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b% Abehkrkef ~baobig exl abebrgad le`efde vgrdegdfd=% Abefgefdxlde) hd~dx xbrhgrg hdrg0

d% Abefgefdxlde ~baobig odjvd ~rkhl wdef obr}deflxde hgoxjlde hdidavdlx hbldx

o% Abefgefdxlde ~baobig dlde xba~dx!xba~dx wdef abe`di ~rkhl~br}djdde

m% Abaodx ~baobig xbxd~ gefdx vdid~e xghdl dhd lda~dewb glide) abe`dfddfdr gefdxde ~brxdad ~baobig `dxj ~dhd ~rkhl ~br}djdde

?%3% Dldr Vdefg

Dldr vdefg *Sbxgsbrgd Pgpdegkghb}' abr~dlde xdedade wdef xbrfkikef lb

hdida cdagig Frdagedb *ra~x!ra~xde'% ]bmdrd cg}gl) xdedade geg xbrigjdx

}b~brxg ra~x wdef ibodx) xaojewd xbfdl lb dxd} hde xgeffgewd abemd~dg 4)2

abxbr% Dldr xdedade geg obr~d dldr obrmdodef odewdl) obrvdred legef ~mdx

dxd do!do jgeffd abrdj xd *_}ig) ?>4>'%

Dldr vdefg xaoj }or hg hdxdrde xgeffg ~dhd lbxgeffgde 6>> a h~i)

}j 46!?6>

M hbefde mrdj j`de ?>>!?%>>> aa+xdje% Xbxd~g) xdedade geg `fd

hd~dx xaoj hg xdedj ag}lge jdrd hde hg xba~dx ~ded}% Xdedj wdef mkmkl exlohghdwd dldr vdefg dhdidj xdedj wdef obr~d}gr dxd xdedj do sildegl%

^bededade dldr vdefg hd~dx hgidllde }bmdrd akeklixr dxd~e xa~def }drg%

Xdedade geg `fd hd~dx hgxdeda hg idjde agrgef) }b~brxg wdef hglbaodeflde hg

Fdrx hbefde lbagrgefde idjde abemd~dg 42 ~br}be% Rar ~debe xdedade dldr

vdefg obrlg}dr 4?!4: oide *_}ig) ?>4>'%

Aberx Fedvde *?>4>') adecddx idge ohghdwd dldr vdefg wdef

hglbaodeflde kibj ~bxdeg hg Fdrx }b`dl xdje 473>!de obr~d lbrd`gede dldr

vdefg% ^rkhl}g dldr vdefg hde }bexrd ~rkhl}g lbrd`gede dldr vdefg

hglbaodeflde hg Lbmdadxde Ibib}) ]dadrdef) Odwkaokef hde Mgidv%

?%6% ^rk}b} Jgrdrlg Dedigxgl

?%6%4 Lke}b~ Hd}dr DJ^

^befkidjde hdxd exl dedig}g} }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde ~dhd RLA ~befjd}gi

~rkhl lbrd`gede dldr vdefg) }xhg ld}} ~dhd LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd geg

abeffedlde abxkhb ^rk}b} Jgrdrlg Dedigxgl dxd wdef ogd}d hg}box hbefde


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46

Dediwxgmdi Jgbrdrmjw ^rkmb}} *DJ^'% Abxkhb geg hglbaodeflde kibj Xjkad} I%

]ddxw) }bkrdef djig adxbadxgld hde abr~dlde }bodj lbrdefld exl

abefdaogi lb~x}de hbefde bcblxgc dxd} ~br}kdide wdef lka~ibl}) hbefde mdrd

abewbhbrjdedlde hde aba~brmb~dx ~rk}b} ~befdaogide lb~x}de exl

ababmdjlde ~br}kdide xbr}box lbhdida odfgde!odfgdeewd) abedxd odfgde dxd

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ogrk ~br`didede dfdr lbfgdxde lda~ef vg}dxd hd~dx abe`dhg odfgde hdrg

~br`didede *>)???' hde abidllde lbr`d}dad hbefde xba~dx!xba~dx vg}dxd idge

wdef dhd hg Okfkr exl abidllde ~dlbx vg}dxd obr}dad *>)426'% ^rgkrgxd}

lbigad dhdidj ~beffedde xblekikfg }bodfdg }drded ~rkak}g wdef k~xgadi

*>)4?8'%

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hbefde abeffedlde abxkhb ^JD hde odexde ~rkfrda Bz~brx Mjkgmb ?>>>

abefjd}gilde ~rgkrgxd} dixbredxgc }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde% ^rgkrgxd} ~brxdad dhdidj


39/123

?3

abidllde ~rkak}g }bmdrd gexbe}gc hbefde okokx *>)?24'% ^rgkrgxd} lbhd wdgx

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wdef abe`dhg ~rgkrgxd} xbrdljgr dhdidj dlxgc abidllde lbfgdxde ~befbaodefde

~rkhl wdef obrobhd hbefde ~b}dgef hbefde okokx *>)>87'%

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40/123

GGG% ABXKHB BEBIGXGDE

=%4% Lbrdefld baglgrde bebigxgdeLdo~dxbe Fdrx) @dvd Odrdx wdef xbidj idad hglbedi }bodfdg }bexrd

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hd}dr dldr vdefg geg exl xbr} hglbaodeflde ldrbed aba~ewdg lbeffide

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wdef hggefgelde%

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}xrdxbfg ~br}djdde adld hgidllde dedig}g} xbrjdhd~ }xrdxbfg ~br}djdde hbefde


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?:

abeffedlde abxkhb DJ^ }bjgeffd hg~brkibj dixbredxgc }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde wdef

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LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

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odfg LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

Abxkhb

DJ^


42/123

?7

^bebigxgde wdef hgidllde lbahgde hgdvdig hbefde abefld`g

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Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd }brxd ~dldr dldhbag}g%

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ghbexgcgld}g lbfgdxde ~bad}drde wdef xbidj hgidllde ~br}djdde }brxd

~bew}ede }xrlxr dvdi obrhd}drlde jd}gi ld`g ~}xdld% ]bxbidj xdjd~

~bew}ede }xrlxr dvdi abidig ld`g ~}xdld) adld hgide`xlde hbefde

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kibj ~dldr%

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hgigjdx ~dhd Ida~grde 4%


43/123

=>

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?>44%

=%8%

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]bhdeflde hdxd }blehbr wdef hgfedlde hdida ~bebigxgde geg obrd}di hdrg

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=4

dxd ~dldr hdida oghdefewd wdef obrd}di hdrg ~gjdl gexbredi ad~e ~gjdl

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}xrdxbfg ~bad}drde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd%


45/123

=?

Fdaodr 8% ]xrlxr Jgrdrlg ^bew}ede ]xrdxbfg ^bad}drde


Lbxbrdefde0

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FA 0 Fbebrdi Adedfbr

Fkdi

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Dlxkr

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L^ ^rkh LK

^R LK~r FA

X4 X? X=

D= D2D? D8

L^rLC^

]L


46/123

==

M%X`deX4 0 Abegefldxlde Kapbx ^br}djdde

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X= 0 Aba~brxdjdelde Ikwdigxd} bideffde

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D= 0 Abadecddxlde Abhgd ^rkak}g }bmdrd K~xgadi

D8 0 ^bebrd~de M}xkabr Gexgadmw

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hbefde ~befkidjde jkrg}kexdi hde sbrxgldi }b}dg hbefde abldeg}ab DJ^%

Jd}gi ~befkidjde jkrgpkexdi abee`llde bibabe!bibabe wdef

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abee`llde ~bagigjde dixbredxgc }xrdxbfg ~bad}drde hg~brkibj hdrg ~befkidjde

sbrxgldi%


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GS% JD]GI HDE ^BAODJD]DE

8%4%Fdaodrde Raa br}djdde

8%4%4 ]b`drdj hde ^brlbaodefde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd abr~dlde ~br}djdde wdef obrfbrdl hg oghdef

lbrd`gede hde }beg wdef obrobexl lbika~kl }djd obr}dad) fdoefde hdrg

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~dhd xdeffdi 7 ]b~xbaobr 4777 hg Fdrx kibj Od~dl Crdep Igagdrx hde Go

@kdeed% Idxdr obidldef hghgrgldeewd RLA geg hghd}drlde dxd} lb~rgjdxgede

~behgrg odjvd }bidad geg ~rkhl lbrd`gede mbehbref abe`dhg lkakhgxd} hg ~d}dr

id}% Kibj ldrbed gx) idjgr lbgefgede wdef ldx exl abefbaodeflde ~rkhl

lbrd`gede wdef xghdl jdewd ada~ abaobrg }dx egidg b}xbxgld wdef hd~dx

hgegladxg gehbrd) xbxd~g `fd ada~ abaobrglde ~rb}xg}b xbr}behgrg odfg ~drd

lke}abe wdef abagiglgewd%

Obrhd}drlde }xdx}ewd }bodfdg Lbika~kl R}djd Obr}dad *LRO') LRO

Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd xbrhgrg hdrg hbid~de lbika~kl }djd wdef }digef xbrldgx hde

hgldxbfkrglde lb hdida cef}g lbr`d wdef obrobhd% Lbhbid~de lbika~kl xbr}box)

wdgx0 lbika~kl ~bxdeg dldr vdefg) lbika~kl xbee) lbika~kl `djgx) lbika~kl

okrhgr) lbika~kl ~befrd`ge odxkl) lbika~kl ~befrd`ge odao) lbika~kl

~befrd`ge jgd}de l~!l~ hdrg oi gxgl) hde lbika~kl ~befrd`ge okz%

Lbhbid~de lbika~kl xbr}box }bmdrd gexbe}gc hgoged idef}ef kibj ~behgrg+~bagigl

ob}brxd Fbebrdi Adedfbr dfdr abagiglg xblegl hde lbxbrda~gide wdef }b}dg

hbefde }xdehdr wdef xbidj hgxbxd~lde }bjgeffd ada~ abefjd}gilde ~rkhl

lbrd`gede wdef obrldigxd} hde obregidg b}xbxgld xgeffg%

^rkhl!~rkhl lbrd`gede wdef hgjd}gilde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

}bodfgde ob}dr abadecddxlde ~kxbe}g ikldi Ldo~dxbe Fdrx) wdgx dldr vdefg

}bodfdg odjde xdad ~baodxde ~rkhlewd% ]bidge gx) hbefde lrbdxgsgxd} hde

xblegl wdef hgagiglg) RLA geg abeflkidokrd}glde ~rkhl lbrd`gede dldr vdefg

hbefde abefjd}gilde `beg} ~rkhl lbrd`gede idgeewd wdef xbrodx hdrg odxkl

lbid~d) odao mbehdeg }brxd oi gxgl%


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=2

]bgrgef hbefde obr`dideewd }djd) lbobrdhdde LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

lbahgde hg~brldx hbefde hgxbrogxldeewd obobrd~d gpge }djd wdef hglbidrlde

kibj hged} xbrldgx }b~brxg0

4% ]GR^ *]rdx Gpge R}djd brkrdefde'0 Ek% 2=>+>4?8+^A+GP+SG+?>>:%O?% XH^ *Xdehd Hdcxdr ^br}djdde'0 Ek% 4>4=22?4828:=% Gpge Xba~dx R}djd0 Ek% 2>=+3>2!GXR+^^X]^+?>4

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd xbidj hd obid} xdje abefbaodeflde }djd

lbrd`gede wdef abefbl}~ikrd}g ~kxbe}g ikldi Ldo~dxbe Fdrx% ]bidad lre

vdlx xbr}box) LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd obrjd}gi abee`lde lgebr`d wdef odgl

}bjgeffd ada~ abe`dhg }didj }dx RLA obr~rb}xd}g odgl hg xgefldx ikldi

ad~e ed}gkedi% Obobrd~d ~rb}xd}g wdef ~bredj hgrdgj LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd)

dexdrd idge0

4% Dhjw Ldrwd ^drgvg}dxd hdrg A^G *Ad}wdrdldx ^drgvg}dxd Gehkeb}gd' @dvdOdrdx }bodfdg ^befdohg hde ^befbaodef Lb~drgvg}dxdde @dvd Odrdx xdje

?>>?%

?% ^befrd`ge Geksdxgc Ldo~dxbe Fdrx xdje ?>>6%=% ^@G Dvdrh ?>>7 hdrg ^br}dxde @redig} Gehkeb}gd%8% Fdrx Dvdrh ?>4>%2% ^befjdrfdde ^rk!Ax hdrg Lbabexrgde Lk~brd}g hde RALA _b~oigl

Gehkeb}gd xdje ?>44 dxd} lbobrjd}gideewd hdida abebrd~lde xblekikfg

~rkhl}g }bmdrd lrbdxgc hde geksdxgc%

8%4%? Sg}g) Ag}g hde X`de LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd xghdl abagiglg ~brewdxdde sg}g hde ag}g }bmdrd

xbrxig}) edae LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd xbxd~ abrb~rb}bexd}gldeewd lb hdida

obobrd~d x`de wdef `bid} exl hgmd~dg% Obrhd}drlde jd}gi vdvdemdrdabehdida wdef xbidj hgidllde lb~dhd ~gjdl ~behgrg+ ~bagigl) x`de ~behgrgde

LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd dhdidj0

4% Abefjd}gilde obrodfdg ~rkhl lbrd`gede hbefde abadecddxlde ~kxbe}g ikldi*dldr vdefg' wdef abagiglg lbeglde) egidg b}xbxgld xgeffg }brxd lb~d}de+

~rb}xg}b xbr}behgrg odfg ~d}dr }d}drde fed abefodj mgxrd lbrd`gede wdef

}bobiaewd jdewd }bodfdg lkakhgxd}%


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=3

?% Abadlarlde lbjgh~de krdef odewdl abidig ~bewbrd~de xbedfd lbr`d ikldiwdef hgoged }bmdrd gexbe}gc hde lke}g}xbe }bjgeffd ada~ abagiglg

lka~bxbe}g wdef xgeffg hg oghdef xblegl lbrd`gede%

=% Aba~rkak}glde Ldo~dxbe Fdrx *lj}}ewd' hde Gehkeb}gd lb~dhdad}wdrdldx id} abidig lbeffide ~rkhl hde idwdede wdef hgobrglde%

8% Abefjd}gilde ~rkhl obrldigxd} xgeffg odfg ~d}dr hdida ebfbrg%8%4%= ]xrlxr Krfdeg}d}g hde Lbxbedfdlbr`dde

]xrlxr krfdeg}d}g wdef hgfedlde kibj LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd dhdidj

}g}xba cef}gkedi wdef hd~dx hgigjdx ~dhd Fdaodr 2%

Fdaodr 2% ]xrlxr Krfdeg}d}g LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd

Lbxbrdefde 0

D0Lbika~kl ^bxdeg hg ]dadrdef hde MgidvO0

Lbika~kl @djgx hg Adrd ]dehgef

M0Lbika~kl Xbee hg OdwkaokefH0Lbika~kl Okrhgr hg OdwkaokefB0Lbika~kl ^befrd`ge Odxkl hg MgidvC0Lbika~kl ^befrd`ge Odao hg MgidvF0Lbika~kl ^befrd`ge Oi Gxgl hg Ibib}J0Lbika~kl ^befrd`ge Okz hg Mk~kefG0 ^befb~dlde

^ga~gede

Lb~did rkhl}g Lb~did Xklk

Lb~did K~brd}gkedi

Fbebrdi Adedfbr

D O

M H B C

@ L I

F J G


50/123

=6

@0 Odfgde Mxxgef hde @djgxL0Odfgde Ilg}I0Odfgde Cgeg}jgef

]g}xba lbr`d hdida LRO Pkmjd Frdjd Lrgwd obr}gcdx deffkxd adehgrg% Jdi

geg obrdrxg odjvd }bxbidj ~drd ~befrd`ge abehd~dx ~bidxgjde xbexdef xblegl hde

lbxbrda~gide hd}dr hdida aba~rkhl}g ~rkhl lbrd`gede) adld abrbld abagiglg

lbobod}de }b~bejewd exl abaodx hb}dge) ~rkhl}g hde }g}xba ~bad}drde

}behgrg% Edae) }birj lbika~kl ~befrd`ge vd`go aba~rgkrgxd}lde ~blbr`dde

dxd ~b}dede wdef ad}l hdrg }blrbxdrgdx ~}dx% D}di deffkxd lbika~kl xbrodfg

abe`dhg hd) wdgx0

4% Deffkxd wdef ~dhd dvdiewd abr~dlde ldrwdvde%?% Deffkxd wdef abr~dlde ~bahd hdrg ~bhb}dde wdef abagiglg lbgefgede

exl ad` hdida }djdewd hde abagiglg lbada~de hdida obrldrwd }beg hde

lbrd`gede% Abrbld dlde hgobrglde ~bidxgjde wdef gexbe}gc xbexdef xblegl hde

lbxbrda~gide hd}dr ~baodxde ~rkhl%

^befrd`ge wdef xbidj ada~ adehgrg hgvd`golde exl abaobexl

lbika~kl }behgrg hbefde lbibefld~de ~brgpgede dhageg}xrdxgc }behgrg }b~brxg ]GR^

hde XH^ dxd} edad lbika~kl gx }behgrg% ^befrd`ge wdef xbidj ada~ adehgrg

vd`go aba~blbr`dlde vdrfd hg }blgxdr }bobia aba~blbr`dlde vdrfd idr

}bjgeffd abrbld xghdl jdewd }blbhdr ada~ jgh~ xbxd~g ibogj hdrg gx dfdr

abrbld ada~ abefjgh~g krdef idge%

ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN UKM PENGHASIL PRODUK KERAJINAN AKAR WANGI (STUDI KASUS PADA KUB ZOCHA...

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Transcript of ANALISIS STRATEGI PEMASARAN UKM PENGHASIL PRODUK KERAJINAN AKAR WANGI (STUDI KASUS PADA KUB ZOCHA...