ANALISIS PENGUKURAN BIDANG TANAH DENGAN...

UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

ANALISIS PENGUKURAN BIDANG TANAH DENGAN

MENGGUNAKAN GPS PEMETAAN

TUGAS AKHIR

ARMENDA BAGAS RAMADHONY

21110113130075

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEODESI

SEMARANG

JULI 2017

i

UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO

ANALISIS PENGUKURAN BIDANG TANAH DENGAN

MENGGUNAKAN GPS PEMETAAN

TUGAS AKHIR

ARMENDA BAGAS RAMADHONY

21110113130075

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK GEODESI

ii

SEMARANG

JULI 2017 HALAMAN PERNYATAAN

iii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

iv

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN

“Orang yang pintar bukanlah orang yang merasa pintar, akan tetapi ia

adalah orang yang merasa bodoh, dengan begitu ia tak akan pernah

berhenti untuk terus belajar”

Alhamdulillah kupanjatkan kepada ALLAH SWT atas segala rahmat

dan kesempatan untuk menyelesaikan tugas akhir dengan segala

kekuranganku. Segala syukur aku ucapkan kepadaMu karena telah

menghadirkan mereka yang selalu memberi semangat dan doa disaat

kutertatih. KarenaMu lah mereka ada, dan karenaMu lah tugas akhir

ini terselesaikan. Hanya padaMu tempat mengadu dan mengucap

syukur.

Kupersembahkan Tugas Akhir ini Kepada :

Ibundaku tercinta, Ibu Ririn Iriyantie atas segala cinta kasih

sayang serta perhatian dan dukungan yang tidak akan pernah

lekang oleh waktu.

Ayahandaku tercinta Bapak Sarmadi Siregar atas semua

dukungan serta bimbingan maupun nasehat-nasehat yang

membuatku menjadi pribadi yang lebih baik lagi

Kakakku tercinta Elva Maysari Nindya Sabrina yang telah

menjadi kakak yang baik dalam memberikan contoh kepada

adiknya guna menjalani kehidupan.

v

KATA PENGANTAR

Segala puji bagi Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, Pencipta dan Pemelihara alam

semesta, akhirnya Penulis dapat menyelesaikan tugas akhir ini, meskipun proses

belajar sesungguhnya takakan pernah berhenti. Tugas akhir ini sesungguhnya

bukanlah sebuah kerja individual dan akan sulit terlaksana tanpa bantuan banyak

pihak yang tak mungkin Penulis sebutkan satu persatu, namun dengan segala

kerendahan hati, Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada:

1. Bapak Ir. Sawitri Subiyanto, M.Si. selaku Ketua Jurusan Program Studi S1

Teknik Geodesi Universitas Diponegoro.

2. Bapak Moehammad Awaluddin, ST., MT. selaku Sekretaris Jurusan

Program Studi S1 Teknik Geodesi Universitas Diponegoro.

3. Bapak Arwan Putra Wijaya, ST., MT. selaku Dosen Wali saya.

4. Bapak Moehammad Awaluddin, ST., MT. selaku Dosen Pembimbing I

saya yang telah banyak membantu dan membimbing saya dalam

penyusunan Tugas Akhir ini.

5. Bapak Bandi Sasmito, ST., MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing II saya yang

telah bersedia mendengarkan curhatan saya, teman bermain futsal serta

membantu dan membimbing saya dalam penyusunan Tugas Akhir ini.

6. Staf Tata Usaha Teknik Geodesi Universitas Diponegoro yang telah

membantu saya untuk mengurus segala urusan administrasi perkuliahan

dan peminjaman alat pengukuran di Laboratorium Pengukuran dan

Pemetaan dari awal hingga akhir masa studi.

7. Mbak Ayu, Mas Kautsar, selaku senior Geodesi UNDIP yang bekerja di

BIG Bagian Jaring Kerangka Kontrol Nasional, yang telah membantu saya

dalam pelaksanaan pengukuran dan penggunaan jaringan CORS BIG Kota

Semarang.

8. Pihak pengelola lapangan tembak Yonif 400 Benteng Raider dan Tertutup

Graha Estetika yang telah mengizinkan saya untuk melaksanakan

penelitian di daerah tersebut.

vii

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI

viii

ABSTRAK

Pengukuran dan pemetaan bidang tanah merupakan salah satu rangkaian

kegiatan dalam pendaftaran tanah. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan cara melakukan

pengukuran dan pemetaan pada batas-batas bidang tanah dengan menggunakan

metode terestrial, fotogrametris, penginderaan jauh, dan dengan metode-metode

lainnya. Namun dengan semakin maju dan berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan dan

teknologi pada saat ini, kegiatan pengukuran dan pemetaan bidang tanah dapat

dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode eksterestrial menggunakan receiver GPS

yang mempunyai ketelitian tinggi dengan waktu yang relatif singkat.

Kegiatan yang dilakukan dalam penenelitian ini adalah pengukuran bidang

tanah dengan kriteria kondisi daerah terbuka dan Tertutup menggunakan GNSS

metode absolut dan rapid static yang diikatkan pada base station CORS Kota

Semarang (CSEM), yang selanjutnya hasil koordinat (X,Y) dan luas dari

pengukuran bidang tanah tersebut dibandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran bidang

tanah dengan metode terestrial yaitu Total Station.

Hasil pengukuran dan pengolahan bidang tanah menggunakan Total Station

dipakai sebagai acuan. Pada pengukuran GNSS metode absolut di daerah terbuka

mempunyai ketelitian RMS koordinat sebesar ± 3,033 m dan ketelitian RMS luas

sebesar ± 9,239 m², kemudian pengukuran di daerah Tertutup mempunyai

ketelitian RMS koordinat sebesar ± 2,915 m dan ketelitian RMS luas sebesar ±

7,948 m². Berikutnya, pada pengukuran GNSS metode rapid static di daerah

terbuka mempunyai ketelitian RMS koordinat sebesar ± 0,864 m dan ketelitian

RMS luas sebesar ± 2,494 m², kemudian pengukuran di daerah Tertutup

mempunyai ketelitian RMS koordinat sebesar ± 0,649 m dan ketelitian RMS luas

sebesar ± 3,771 m².

Kata Kunci : Bidang Tanah, Rapid Static, Receiver Trimble GeoXT 3000 Series

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ABSTRACT

Measurement and mapping of parcels is one of a series of activities in land

registration. This activity is carried out by measuring and mapping the

boundaries of parcels by using terrestrial, photogrammetric, remote sensing

methods, and by other methods. But with the advancement and development of

science and technology today, the measurement and mapping of the ground plane

can be done using an exterestrial method using a GPS receiver that has high

accuracy with a relatively short time.

The activities undertaken in this study are the measurement of the plot of

land with the criteria of open and residential conditions using GNSS of absolute

and rapid static methods that are tied to CORS Semarang City (CSEM) base

station, which then coordinates (X, Y) and the area of measurement The soil is

compared with the result of measurement of ground plane with terrestrial method

that is Total Station.

The result of measurement and processing of land using Total Station is

used as a reference. In GNSS measurement the absolute method in open area has

RMS coordinate accuracy of ± 3,033 m and RMS wide accuracy of ± 9.239 m²,

then the measurement in residential area has RMS coordinate accuracy of ± 2,915

m and RMS wide accuracy of ± 7,948 m²,. Next, the GNSS measurement of rapid

static method in the open area has RMS coordinate accuracy of ± 0.864 m and

RMS wide accuracy of ± 2.494 m²,, then the measurement in the residential area

has RMS coordinate accuracy of ± 0.649 m and RMS wide accuracy of ± 3.771

m².

Keywords: Land Plots, Rapid Static, Receiver Trimble GeoXT 3000 Series

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DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ................................................................................................ ii

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................................ iii

HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................................ iv

KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................ v

HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ............................................. vii

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................................ viii

ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... viii

DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................ xiii

DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................. xvii

Bab I Pendahuluan ........................................................................................................... 1

I.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................................... 1

I.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................................. 2

I.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian .............................................................................. 2

I.4 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ..................................................................................... 2

I.5 Metodologi Penelitian ........................................................................................... 3

I.6 Sistematika Penulisan Laporan Penelitian ............................................................. 3

Bab II Tinjauan Pustaka .................................................................................................... 5

II.1 Kajian Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................................. 5

II.2 Pengukuran Bidang Tanah..................................................................................... 9

II.3 GNSS ................................................................................................................... 12

II.4 Sinyal GPS ........................................................................................................... 14

II.4.1 Penginformasian Jarak Pseudorange (Kode) .......................................... 15

II.4.2 Gelombang Pembawa (Fase) ................................................................... 16

II.5 Ketelitian Penentuan Posisi ................................................................................. 17

II.6 Pengukuran dan Penentuan Posisi dengan GPS .................................................. 18

II.7 Metode Penentuan GPS ....................................................................................... 19

II.7.1 Metode Penentuan Posisi Absolut ........................................................... 20

II.7.2 Metode Penentuan Posisi Diferensial ...................................................... 20

xi

II.7.3 Sistem DGPS ........................................................................................... 22

II.7.4 Sistem RTK ............................................................................................. 22

II.7.5 Metode Penentuan Posisi Statik ............................................................... 26

II.7.6 Metode Penentuan Posisi Kinematik ....................................................... 27

II.7.7 Metode Survei Statik Singkat .................................................................. 27

II.7.8 Metode Survei Pseudo-Kinematic ........................................................... 27

II.7.9 Metode Survei Stop and Go ..................................................................... 27

II.8 Sumber-sumber Kesalahan .................................................................................. 28

II.9 GNSS CORS ....................................................................................................... 30

II.10 Uji Statistik .......................................................................................................... 32

II.10.1 HRMS ...................................................................................................... 32

II.10.2 Simpangan Baku ...................................................................................... 33

II.10.3 Uji Fisher (Uji-F) .................................................................................... 33

II.11 Receiver Trimble GeoXT 3000 Series ................................................................ 35

Bab III Metodologi Penelitian ........................................................................................... 36

III.1 Lokasi Penelitian ................................................................................................. 36

III.2 Data Penelitian ..................................................................................................... 36

III.3 Alat dan Bahan .................................................................................................... 37

III.3.1 Alat .......................................................................................................... 37

III.3.2 Bahan ....................................................................................................... 41

III.4 Diagram Alir Penelitian ....................................................................................... 42

III.4.1 Persiapan .................................................................................................. 43

III.4.2 Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................... 43

III.4.3 Pengunduhan Data ................................................................................... 56

III.4.4 Download Data ETS (Elektronic Total Station) ...................................... 60

III.4.5 Pengolahan Data ...................................................................................... 66

III.4.6 Perhitungan Luas Bidang Tanah .............................................................. 78

III.5 Analisis ................................................................................................................ 80

III.5.1 Uji Statistik .............................................................................................. 80

Bab IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................. 83

IV.1 Hasil ..................................................................................................................... 83

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IV.1.1 Hasil Pengukuran dengan ETS (Electronic Total Station) ...................... 83

IV.1.2 Hasil Pengukuran dengan Receiver Trimble GeoXT 3000

Series Metode Absolut ............................................................................. 84

IV.1.3 Hasil Pengukuran dengan Receiver Trimble GeoXT 3000

Series Metode Rapid Static ..................................................................... 86

IV.2 Pembahasan ......................................................................................................... 87

IV.2.1 Analisis Ketelitian Koordinat Pengukuran Bidang Tanah ....................... 88

IV.2.2 Analisis Selisih Luas Bidang Tanah ........................................................ 95

IV.3 Uji Statistik ........................................................................................................ 101

IV.3.1 Uji F ( Distribusi Fisher) ....................................................................... 101

Bab V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................................ 105

V.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................................ 105

V.2 Saran .................................................................................................................. 106

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................................... 107

xiii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar II.1. Orbit satelit GPS (www.gps.gov) .................................................... 12

Gambar II.2. Segmen GPS (Abidin, 2007) ........................................................... 13

Gambar II.3. Tipe receiver GPS (Abidin, 2007) ................................................... 14

Gambar II.4. Struktur frekuensi dan parameter dasar komponen sinyal GPS

(Abidin, 2007) ............................................................................................... 15

Gambar II.5. Contoh Struktur Kode Pada Sinyal GPS (Abidin, 2007) ................ 15

Gambar II.6. Prinsip Penentuan Jarak (Pseudorange) Dengan Kode (Abidin,

2007) ............................................................................................................. 16

Gambar II.7. Modulasi Fase Sinyal GPS (Abidin, 2007) ..................................... 17

Gambar II.8. Prinsip dasar penentuan posisi dengan GPS (Abidin, 2007) ........... 18

Gambar II.9. Prinsip penentuan posisi dengan GPS (Abidin, 2007) .................... 19

Gambar II.10. Metode Penentuan Posisi dengan GPS (Abidin, 2007) ................. 20

Gambar II.11. Metode penentuan posisi absolut (Abidin, 2007) .......................... 20

Gambar II.12. Metode penentuan posisi diferensial (Abidin, 2007)..................... 21

Gambar II.13. Sistem RTK (Abidin, 2007) .......................................................... 22

Gambar II.14. Penggunaan repeater untuk memperluas cakupan sinyal (Abidin,

2007) ............................................................................................................. 24

Gambar II.15. Ilustrasi suatu sistem VRS (Abidin, 2007) .................................... 26

Gambar II.16. (a) Antena pada base station BIG Kota Semarang, (b) UNDIP .... 31

Gambar III.1. Lokasi Penelitian (Google Map, 2017) .......................................... 36

Gambar III.2 Diagram alir penelitian .................................................................... 42

Gambar III.3. (a) BM 38, (b) BM 37, (c) GE 01, dan (d) GE 02 .......................... 44

Gambar III.4. (a) Terbuka (b) Tertutup ................................................................. 45

Gambar III.5. Tampilan awal Windows Mobile 6.1 .............................................. 46

Gambar III.6. Tampilan awal TerraSync .............................................................. 46

Gambar III.7. Tampilan menu pengaturan TerraSync .......................................... 47

Gambar III.8. Tampilan Logging Settings............................................................. 47

Gambar III.9. Tampilan sub-menu Accuracy Settings .......................................... 48

Gambar III.10. Tampilan menu GPS Settings ....................................................... 48

xiv

Gambar III.11. Tampilan menu Real-time Settings .............................................. 49

Gambar III.12. Tampilan menu Coordinate System ............................................. 49

Gambar III.13. Tampilan menu Units ................................................................... 50

Gambar III.14. Tampilan menu Data .................................................................... 50

Gambar III.15. Tampilan menu Logging Interval ................................................. 51

Gambar III.16. Data Section ................................................................................. 51

Gambar III.17. Collect Section ............................................................................. 52

Gambar III.18. Log Option ................................................................................... 52

Gambar III.19. File Manager ................................................................................ 53

Gambar III.20. .Pelaksanaan Pengukuran ............................................................. 54

Gambar III.21.Menghapus Data Lama ................................................................. 54

Gambar III.22.Mulai Pengukuran ......................................................................... 54

Gambar III.23.Memasukan Data Berdiri Alat ...................................................... 55

Gambar III.24.Memasukan Data Backsight .......................................................... 56

Gambar III.25.Memasukan Data Foresight .......................................................... 56

Gambar III.26. Tampilan GPS Pathfinder Office v.4.10....................................... 57

Gambar III.27. Tampilan GPS yang sudah tersambung dengan Komputer .......... 57

Gambar III.28. Tampilan Awal GPS Pathfinder Office v.4.10 ............................. 58

Gambar III.29. Menu Utilities ............................................................................... 58

Gambar III.30. Menu Utilities ............................................................................... 58

Gambar III.31. Kotak Dialog Data Transfer ........................................................ 59

Gambar III.32. Kotak Dialog Open ...................................................................... 59

Gambar III.33. Kotak Dialog Data Transfer ........................................................ 59

Gambar III.34. Proses Transfer Data .................................................................... 60

Gambar III.35. Transfer Completed ...................................................................... 60

Gambar III.36 Topcon Link ................................................................................... 60

Gambar III.37 Topcon Link ................................................................................... 61

Gambar III.38 Kotak Dialog Import form Device ................................................ 61

Gambar III.39 Kotak Dialog Station Properties ................................................... 62

Gambar III.40 Kotak Dialog Create Station ......................................................... 62

Gambar III.41.Kotak Dialog Import from Device ................................................ 63

xv

Gambar III.42 Kotak Dialog Download File from Total Station ......................... 63

Gambar III.43 Tampilan Total Station .................................................................. 63







Gambar III.50 Tampilan desktop Topcon Tools v.8 .............................................. 67

Gambar III.51 Tampilan Menu Startup ................................................................. 67

Gambar III.52 Tampilan Create a new job ........................................................... 68

Gambar III.53 Tampilan Import ............................................................................ 68

Gambar III.54 Tampilan pengaturan data pengamatan GNSS.............................. 69

Gambar III.55 Tampilan pemotongan atau seleksi data perekaman GNSS .......... 69

Gambar III.56 Tampilan Report Adjustment ......................................................... 70

Gambar III.57 Menu Differential Correction........................................................ 71

Gambar III.58 Kotak Dialog Differential Correction ........................................... 71




Gambar III.62 Hasil Differential Correction ........................................................ 73

Gambar III.63 Menu Utilities ................................................................................ 74

Gambar III.64 Kotak Dialog Select Data Files .................................................... 74

Gambar III.65 Kotak Dialog Export ..................................................................... 75

Gambar III.66 Kotak Dialog Export ..................................................................... 75

Gambar III.67 Menu File ...................................................................................... 76

Gambar III.68 Kotak Dialog Open ....................................................................... 76

Gambar III.69 Tampilan Hasil .............................................................................. 77

Gambar III.70 Tampilan Hasil .............................................................................. 77

Gambar III.71 Tampilan Koordinat ...................................................................... 78

Gambar III.72 Menu Tools .................................................................................... 79

xvi

Gambar III.73 Point Bidang .................................................................................. 79

Gambar III.74.Luas bidang ................................................................................... 80

Gambar IV.1 Grafik selisih koordinat (X) ETS terhadap metode absolut ............ 89

Gambar IV.2 Grafik selisih koordinat (Y) ETS terhadap metode absolut ............ 90

Gambar IV.3 Grafik selisih lateral (dS) ETS terhadap metode absolut ............... 90

Gambar IV.4 Grafik selisih koordinat (X) ETS terhadap metode rapid static ..... 92

Gambar IV.5 Grafik selisih koordinat (Y) ETS terhadap metode rapid static ..... 93

Gambar IV.6 Grafik selisih lateral (dS) ETS terhadap metode rapid static ........ 93

Gambar IV.7 Rekapitulasi selisih Lateral (dS) ..................................................... 94

Gambar IV.8 Grafik selisih luas bidang tanah (dL) ETS terhadap metode absolut

....................................................................................................................... 96

Gambar IV.9 Grafik selisih luas bidang tanah (dL) ETS terhadap metode rapid

static .............................................................................................................. 98

Gambar IV.10 Selisih luas bidang tanah (dL) ....................................................... 99

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel II.1. Kajian Penelitian Terdahulu .................................................................. 5

Tabel II.2. Metode-metode penentuan posisi dengan GPS (Abidin, 2007) .......... 19

Tabel II.3. Efek Dari Proses Pengurangan Data (Abidin, 2007) ........................... 21

Tabel III.1Perangkat Keras (Hardware) ............................................................... 37

Tabel III.2 Perangkat Lunak (Software) ............................................................... 40

Tabel III.3. Pengamatan GNSS metode statik ...................................................... 44

Tabel IV.1 Hasil pengukuran luas bidang tanah menggunakan ETS .................... 83

Tabel IV.2 Hasil pengukuran luas bidang tanah metode absolut .......................... 84

Tabel IV.3 Hasil pengukuran luas bidang tanah metode rapid static ................... 86

Tabel IV.4 Hasil selisih koordinat (X,Y) metode absolut ..................................... 88

Tabel IV.5 Hasil selisih koordinat (X,Y) metode rapid static .............................. 91

Tabel IV.6 Selisih luas bidang ETS terhadap metode absolut .............................. 95

Tabel IV.7 Selisih luas bidang ETS terhadap metode rapid static ....................... 97

Tabel IV.8 Toleransi Bidang Tanah dalam Ketelitian Luas di BPN................... 100

Tabel IV.9 Rekapitulasi toleransi luas bidang tanah BPN .................................. 100

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