ANALISIS PENGUJIAN TRANSFORMATOR DAYA MT24...

ANALISIS PENGUJIAN TRANSFORMATOR DAYA MT24

150kV/33kV 90MVA DI PT. VALE INDONESIA,

SOROWAKO – SULAWESI SELATAN

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi

Persyaratan Guna Meraih Gelar Sarjana Strata 1

Teknik Elektro Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Disusun oleh:

DIMAS ABIMANYU SAPUTRA

201210130311139

JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2017

ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

ANALISIS PENGUJIAN TRANSFORMATOR DAYA MT24

150kV/33kV 90MVA DI PT. VALE INDONESIA,

SOROWAKO-SULAWESI SELATAN

SKRIPSI

Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Guna Meraih Gelar Sarjana Strata 1

Teknik Elektro Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang

Disusun Oleh:

Dimas Abimanyu Saputra

201210130311139

Tanggal Ujian : 21 Oktober 2017

Periode Wisuda : November 2017

Disetujui oleh:

1. Ir. Diding Suhardi, MT.

NIDN : 0706066501

(Pembimbing I)

2. Ir. Nurkasan, MT.

NIDN : 0707106301

(Pembimbing II)

3. Zulfatman, ST., M.Eng.

NIDN : 0709117804

(Penguji I)

4. Ilham Pakaya, ST.

NIDN : 0717018801

(Penguji II)

Mengetahui,

Ketua Jurusan Teknik Elektro

Ir. Nur Alif Mardiyah, MT.

NIDN: 0718036502

iii

KATA PENGANTAR

Dengan memanjatkan puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas rahmat dan

hidayah-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan penelitian yang berjudul:

“Analisis Pengujian Transformator Daya MT24 150kV/33kV 90MVA di

PT. Vale Indonesia, Sorowako-Sulawesi Selatan”

Di dalam tulisan ini disajikan pokok-pokok bahasan yang meliputi dasar

teori pemeliharaan protektif, pengujian kualitas belitan yang terdiri dari Rdc, TTR,

SFRA dan pengujian kualitas isolasi yang terdiri dari IR&PI, tan delta, DGA, BDV.

Penulis menyadari sepenuhnya bahwa dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini masih

banyak kekurangan dan keterbatasan. Oleh karena itu peneliti mengharapkan saran

yang membangun agar tulisan ini bermanfaat bagi perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan

kedepannya.

Malang, November 2017

Dimas Abimanyu Saputra

iv

DAFTAR ISI

LEMBAR JUDUL .............................................................................................. i

LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................. ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ............................................................................. iii

LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ............................................................................. iv

ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT ...................................................................................................... vi

LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN ......................................................................... vii

KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... ix

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... x

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xiv

DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... xvi

DAFTAR GRAFIK ...................................................................................... xvii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 2

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................. 2

1.4 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................... 3

1.5 Metodologi ........................................................................................... 3

1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................... 4

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI

2.1 Tansformator daya ................................................................................ 6

2.2 Transformator 3 Fasa ............................................................................ 8

2.3 Prinsip Kerja Transformator ................................................................. 8

2.4 Konstruksi dan Komponen Transformator ........................................... 9

2.4.1 Inti Besi ....................................................................................... 11

2.4.2 Kumparan .................................................................................... 12

v

2.4.3 Minyak transformator.................................................................. 12

2.4.4 Tangki Transformator ................................................................. 12

2.4.5 Konservator Transformator ......................................................... 13

2.4.6 Bushing ....................................................................................... 13

2.4.7 Sistem Pendingin Transformator ................................................ 13

2.4.8 Tap Changer ................................................................................ 14

2.4.9 Radiator ....................................................................................... 15

2.4.10 Alat Indikator .............................................................................. 15

2.5 Hubungan Transformator ................................................................... 15

2.5.1 Hubungan Bintang-Bintang (Y – Y) ........................................... 15

2.5.2 Hubungan Segitiga-Segitiga (∆-∆) .............................................. 16

2.5.3 Hubungan Bintang-segitiga (Y-∆) .............................................. 17

2.5.4 Hubungan Segitiga-Bintang (∆-Y) .............................................. 18

2.6 Pengujian Transformator Daya .......................................................... 18

2.7 Macam Pengujian Transformator Daya ............................................. 20

2.8 Kualitas Winding (belitan) pada Transformator Daya ....................... 21

2.8.1 Winding Resistance (Rdc)........................................................... 21

2.8.2 Transformator Turn Ratio (TTR) ................................................ 21

2.8.3 Sweep Freqeuency Response Analyzer (SFRA) ......................... 22

2.9 Kualitas Insulation (isolasi) pada Transformator Daya ...................... 22

2.9.1 Insulation Resistance (IR) & Polarization Index (PI) ................. 23

2.9.2 Dissipation Factor (tangen delta) ................................................ 23

2.9.3 Dissolve Gas Analysis (DGA) .................................................... 24

2.9.4 Break Down Voltage (BDV) ....................................................... 25

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN

3.1 Objek dan Area Studi ......................................................................... 26

3.2 Parameter Utama ................................................................................ 26

3.3 Metode Pengujian Kualitas Belitan .................................................... 27


3.3.1.1 Peralatan yang digunakan ........................................................ 27

3.3.1.2 Rangkaian yang diuji ............................................................... 28

3.3.1.3 Langkah pengujian .................................................................. 28

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3.3.2 Transformer Turn Ratio (TTR) ................................................... 29




3.3.3 Sweep Freqeuency Response Analyzer (SFRA) ......................... 31




3.4 Metode Pengujian Kualitas Isolasi ..................................................... 34

3.4.1 Insulation Resistance & Polarization Index (IR & PI) ................ 34




3.4.2 Dissipation Factor (Tangen Delta) .............................................. 37








3.4.4 Breakdown Voltage (BDV) ........................................................ 45




3.5 Metode Analisis .................................................................................. 48

BAB IV ANALISIS DAN PEMBAHASAN

4.1 Hasil Pengujian Belitan (Winding) .................................................... 50


4.1.1.1 Hasil pengujian ........................................................................ 50

4.1.1.2 Analisa hasil pengujian ........................................................... 50

4.1.2 Ratio Test/Transformator Turn Ratio (TTR) .............................. 51

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4.1.2.1 Hasil pengujian ........................................................................ 51


4.1.3 Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer (SFRA) .......................... 53

4.1.3.1 Hasil pengujian ........................................................................ 53


4.2 Hasil Pengujian Isolasi (Insulation) ................................................... 59

4.2.1 Insulation Resistance (IR) ........................................................... 59

4.2.1.1 Hasil pengujian ........................................................................ 59


4.2.2 Tangen Delta ............................................................................... 62

4.2.2.1 Hasil pengujian ........................................................................ 62



4.2.3.1 Hasil pengujian ........................................................................ 63


4.2.4 Break Down Voltage (BDV) ....................................................... 65

4.2.4.1 Hasil pengujian ........................................................................ 65


4.3 Tabel Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 67

BAB V PENUTUP

5.1 KESIMPULAN .................................................................................. 69

5.2 SARAN .............................................................................................. 69

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Susunan Transformator ......................................................................6

Gambar 2.2 Contoh Sebuah Transformator Daya .................................................7

Gambar 2.3 Prinsip hukum elektromagnetik .........................................................9

Gambar 2.4 Elektromagnetik pada trafo ................................................................9

Gambar 2.5 Bentuk Fisik Transformator Tiga Fasa .............................................10

Gambar 2.6 Kumparan Primer dan Sekunder Trafo Tiga Fasa ............................10

Gambar 2.7 Konstruksi Transformator Tiga Fasa ...............................................11

Gambar 2.8 Hubungan Bintang - Bintang (Y – Y) .............................................16

Gambar 2.9 Hubungan Segitiga – Segitiga (∆-∆) ................................................17

Gambar 2.10 Hubungan Bintang – Segitiga (Y-∆)...............................................17

Gambar 2.11 Hubungan Segitiga – Bintang (∆-Y)...............................................18

Gambar 2.12 Macam pengujian pada setiap klasifikasi .......................................20

Gambar 3.1 Alat Megger MTO210 ..................................................................... 27

Gambar 3.2 Rangkaian Pengujian Rdc ................................................................ 28

Gambar 3.3 Alat Megger TTR310 ...................................................................... 30

Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian Pengujian TTR dengan Megger TTR310 ...................... 30

Gambar 3.5 Rentang Domain Frekuensi pada alat Meggger FRAX ................... 31

Gambar 3.6 Alat Megger FRAX101 ................................................................... 33

Gambar 3.7 Pengaturan Pengujian SFRA ........................................................... 33

Gambar 3.8 Rangkaian Pengujian SFRA dengan FRAX101 ............................. 33

Gambar 3.9 Alat Megger MIT520 ....................................................................... 36

Gambar 3.10 Rangkaian Pengujian dengan MIT520 .......................................... 36

Gambar 3.11 Rangkaian Instrumen dengan MIT520 .......................................... 36

Gambar 3.12 Pengujian Tan Delta pada Hubung Dyn1 ...................................... 38

Gambar 3.13 Mode Spesimen GST ..................................................................... 38

Gambar 3.14 Mode Spesimen UST ..................................................................... 39

Gambar 3.15 Alat Megger Delta 4000 ................................................................ 39

Gambar 3.16 Rangkaian Pengukuran CHG ......................................................... 39

Gambar 3.17 Rangkaian Pengukuran CLG ......................................................... 40

Gambar 3.18 Rangkaian Pengukuran CHL ......................................................... 40

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Gambar 3.19 Rangkaian Pengujian dengan Delta 4000 pada Trafo MT24......... 40

Gambar 3.20 Rangkaian Pengujian dengan Delta 4000 pada Bushing MT24 .... 41

Gambar 3.21 Alat Kelman X Transports ............................................................. 43

Gambar 3.22 Syringe ........................................................................................... 43

Gambar 3.23 Oil flushing unit ............................................................................. 43

Gambar 3.24 Vial (botol Kimia).......................................................................... 44

Gambar 3.25 Rangkaian Pengujian Pengambilan Sampel Minyak ..................... 44

Gambar 4.1 Sweep Name pengujian dengan FRAX101 .......................................51

Gambar 4.2 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1u-1v) - (1v-1w) HV Open Tap 1......54

Gambar 4.3 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1u-1v) - (1w-1u) HV Open Tap 1......54

Gambar 4.4 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1v-1w) - (1w-1u) HV Open Tap 1 .....54

Gambar 4.5 Hasil Pengujian HV Open Tap 1 (1u, 1v, 1w) ..................................55

Gambar 4.6 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1u-1v) – (1v-1w) HV Open Tap 2 ......55

Gambar 4.7 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1u-1v) – (1w-1u) HV Open Tap 2 ......55

Gambar 4.8 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1v-1w) – (1w-1u) HV Open Tap 2 .....56

Gambar 4.9 Hasil Pengujian HV Open Tap 2 (1u, 1v, 1w) ..................................56

Gambar 4.10 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1u-1v) – (1v-1w) HV Open Tap 5 ....56

Gambar 4.11 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1u-1v) – (1w-1u) HV Open Tap 5 ....56

Gambar 4.12 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (1v-1w) – (1w-1u) HV Open Tap 5 ...57

Gambar 4.13 Hasil Pengujian HV Open Tap 5 (1u, 1v, 1w) ................................57

Gambar 4.14 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (2u-2n) – (2v-2n) LV Open ...............57

Gambar 4.15 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (2u-2n) – (2w-2n) LV Open..............57

Gambar 4.16 Hasil Pengujian SFRA fasa (2v-2n) – (2w-2n) LV Open ..............58

Gambar 4.17 Hasil Pengujian LV Open (2u, 2v, 2w, 2n) ...................................58

Gambar 4.18 Nilai Standar ANSI C 57.12.90 ......................................................63

x

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Macam – Macam Sistem Pendingin Trafo ............................................14

Tabel 3.1 Skema Koneksi Pada Transformator 3 phasa Dyn1 ..............................28

Tabel 3.2 Rumus Ratio dengan konversi hubung ..................................................29

Tabel 3.3 Skema Koneksi Dyn1 ............................................................................30

Tabel 3.4 Nilai Rentang Frekuensi dan Gangguannya ..........................................32

Tabel 3.5 Nilai Interpretasi Data Menurut Standart DLT911/2004 ......................32

Tabel 3.6 Standar IEEE untuk nilai PI ..................................................................35

Tabel 3.7 NETA MTS-1997 ..................................................................................35

Tabel 3.8 Mode pengujian untuk trafo dua kumparan ..........................................37

Tabel 3.9 Nilai Power Factor untuk trafo berisolasi minyak dan bushing ............38

Tabel 3.10 Standart TDCG Menurut IEC..............................................................42

Tabel 3.11 Standart Tegangan Tembus Menurut IEEE.........................................46

Tabel 3.12 Kategori tipe peralatan menurut IEEE ................................................46

Tabel 3.13 Kesimpulan Hasil Pengujian ..............................................................49

Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengujian Rdc ..............................................................................50

Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengukuran TTR ..........................................................................51

Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pengujian IR dan PI .....................................................................60

Tabel 4.4 Hasil Pengujian Tan Delta pada Transformer MT24 ............................62

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Pengujian Tan Delta pada Bushing MT24 ...................................62

Tabel 4.6 Hasil pengujian DGA ............................................................................63

Tabel 4.7 Hasil pengukuran pada pengujian BDV ................................................65

xi

DAFTAR GRAFIK

Grafik 4.1 Hubungan H2 terhadap IEEE ..............................................................64

Grafik 4.2 Hubungan CO terhadap IEEE..............................................................64

Grafik 4.3 Hubungan C2H6 terhadap IEEE..........................................................64


Grafik 4.5 Hubungan CH4 terhadap IEEE............................................................64


xii

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

[1] A. Azhari, “Analisis Kondisi Isolasi pada Belitan dan Minyak Transformator

4,16kv/480v 1600kva,” Universita Gadjah Mada, 2015.

[2] G. Halim, M. Setiawan, I. Garniwa., “Analisis Kondisi Transformator

berdasarkan Uji Parameter Utama”, Universitas Indonesia, 2013.

[3] B. M. A. Rajagukguk, “Penilaian Kondisi Isolasi Trafo Dengan Metode

Pembobotan Analytic Hierarchy Process (Studi Kasus Ibt-1 & Ibt-2 Gitet

Kembangan),” JBPTITBPP, 2009.

[4] IEEE Std. C57.12.80-1978, “IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and

Distribution Transformers.” New York : Institute of Electrical and Electronics

Engineers, Inc., 1978.

[5] IEEE, “IEEE 62-1995 Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Electric Power

Apparatus Part 1 Oil Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors,”

1995.

[6] IEC, “International Standard IEC 61400-1,” 2005.

[7] INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL FOR LARGE ELECTRIC SYSTEMS, “Guide

for Transformer Maintenance,” Cigre 445, no. February, hal. 23, 2011.

[8] ANSI; NETA; ATS, “Standard for Maintenance Testing Specifications for

Electrical Power Equipment,” Ansi/Neta Ats-2009, 2009.

[9] PT.PLN, ”Final Pedoman O&M Transformator Tenaga”,Jakarta: Perusahaan

Listrik Negara, 2010.

[10] B. L. Tobing, “Peralatan Tegangan Tinggi,” Graha Ilmu Media, Edisi kedua,

2006.

[11] Modul MEGGER MTO210,“Alat Test Tahanan Belitan Trafo”, PT. Guna

Elektro, Jakarta.

[12] Modul MEGGER TTR320,”Alat Analisa Ratio Transformator”, PT. Guna

Elektro, Jakarta.

[13] Modul MEGGER FRAX 101,”Sweep Frequency Response Analyzer”, PT.

Guna Elektro, Jakarta.

[14] Modul MEGGER MIT 520 Alat,” Analisa Isolasi Secara Diagnostik”, PT.

Guna Elektro, Jakarta.

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[15] Modul MEGGER DELTA 4000,”Sistem Diagnosa Isolasi (Tan Delta)”,

PT. Guna Elektro, Jakarta.

[16] Modul Dissolved Gas Analysis KELMAN TRANSPORT X,”Analisa Isolasi

Minyak Trafo”, PT. Guna Elektro, Jakarta.

[17] Modul Break Down Voltage MEGGER OTS100AF,”Analisa Tembus

Tegangan Trafo”,PT. Guna Elektro, Jakarta.

ANALISIS PENGUJIAN TRANSFORMATOR DAYA MT24...

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