An Introduction to Information Systemsy

Chapter 1

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve the organization’s goals.

• Nilai (manfaat) informasi yang dipakai secaraNilai (manfaat) informasi yang dipakai secara langsung untuk membantu para pengambil keputusan (manajer) dalam mengambil keputusan sesuai dengan tujuan perusahaan.)

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Models, computers, and information systems are constantly making it possible for organizations to improve the way they conduct business.

• (keterkaitan antara Model, PC & Sistem(keterkaitan antara Model, PC & Sistem Informasi secara terintegrasi yang memungkinkan suatu organisasi dalam mengembangkan serta mengendalikan bisnisnya)

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful personal career, organizations that reach their goals, and a society with a higher quality of life.

• Seberapa besar pengaruh SI dalam mempengaruhi karier kerja, tujuan organisasi & kemasyarakatan dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup

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Principles and Learning Objectives

• System users, business managers, and information systems professionals must work together to build a successful information system.

• Antara Pengguna Sistem (Operator, Pelaksana), Pengambil Keputusan (Manajerial) & Orang IT (EDP) harus berkolaborasi terpadu untuk meningkatkan daya guna dari SI.

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Information Concepts

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Information System

A set of interrelated components (hubungan antar bagian) that collect (mengumpulkan/input), manipulate (mengolah/proses), and disseminate data and information (keluaran/output), and provide feedback (umpan balik) to meet anprovide feedback (umpan balik) to meet an objective (sesuai dengan tujuan organisasi)

• Examples: ATMs, airline reservation systems (tiket pesawat terbang), course reservation systems (manajemen kursus)

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Data vs. Information

• Data: raw facts (raw=mentah, fact=fakta, kenyataan secara fisik, mikro atau makro)

• Information: collection of facts (kumpulan fakta)• Information: collection of facts (kumpulan fakta) organized in such a way that they have value (mempunyai nilai manfaat) beyond the facts themselves

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Informasi (Jogiyanto)

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Types of Data

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Data vs. Information

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The Characteristics of Valuable Information

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The Characteristics of Valuable Information

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The Characteristics of Valuable Information

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Kualitas Informasi (Jogiyanto)

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Kualitas Informasi (Jogiyanto)

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System and Modeling Conceptsp

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SystemA set (kumpulan) of elements or components that interact (berinteraksi) to accomplish goals (tujuan tertentu)

• Input (masukan, data, bahan, yang akan diproses)• Processing mechanism (proses pengolahan data,

i l i d )manipulasi data)• Feedback (umpan balik, kontrol proses, masukan dari

keluaran sebelumnya)• Output (keluaran, informasi, hasil proses, bahan untuk

diolah dalam proses yg lain)• System boundary (batasan sistem, lingkungan sistem)

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Sistem (Jogiyanto)

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Components of a System

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Karakteristik Sistem (Jogiyanto)

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Komponen Sistem (Jogiyanto)

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System and Modeling Concepts

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System Performance and Standards

• Efficiency: output/input (efisiensi meningkat dibanding tanpa konsep sistem)

• Effectiveness: extent to which system attains its goals (tujuan organisasi semakin bisagoals (tujuan organisasi semakin bisa diwujudkan lebih cepat)

• Performance standard: specific objective of a system (pencapaian target atas perencanaan awal)

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Systems Classification

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System Performance and Standards

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Modeling a System

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Modeling a System• A model is an abstraction that is used to

represent reality– 4 major types of models

• A narrative model is based on words (lisan)– Logical, not physical

• A physical model is tangible (berwujud fisik)• A schematic model is a graphic representation

(visualisasi bentuk scr grafis/picture)– Graphs and charts

• A mathematical model is an arithmetic representation (menggunakan fungsi atau persamaan matematik, rumus)

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What Is An Information System?System?

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Components of an Information System

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Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS)Information Systems (CBIS)

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Components of a Computer Based Information System

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Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet

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Telecommunications, Networks, and the Internet

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Business Information SystemsSystems

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Business Information Systems

• Electronic Commerce (transaksi perdagangan berbasis internet/elektronik)

• Transaction Processing Systems (sistem pengolah data transaksi, mis. Kasir, apotik, dll)

• Management Information Systems (mengelola & mengatur serta mendayagunakan sistem informasi untuk pencapaian tujuan organisasi)

• Decision Support Systems (sistem pendukung keputusan, sistem pengambilan keputusan)

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E-Commerce

• Business-to-business (B2B, antara sesama pelaku bisnis, mis. DepStore dengan Pemasok)

• Business-to-consumer (B2C, antara konsumen dengan penjual/perusahaan)dengan penjual/perusahaan)

• Business-to-government (B2G, antara pelaku bisnis dg pemerintah, mis. Pajak, Ijin usaha, dll)

• Government-to-consumer (G2C, antara pemerintah dg masyarakat, mis. KTP, layanan publik, lembaga swadaya, dll)

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Electronic Commerce

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Transaction Processing Systems

A transaction processing system (TPS) is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactionstransactions.

• Process business exchanges• Maintain records about the exchanges• Handle routine, yet critical, tasks• Perform simple calculations

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Payroll Transaction Processing System

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Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

• Integrated programs that can manage a company’s entire set of business operations (sistem aplikasi terpadu untuk mengelola operasional perusahaan)

• Often coordinate planning, inventory control, production, and ordering (koordinasi perencanaan, kendali persediaan, produksi & pemesanan)

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Management Information Systems (MIS)

• Routine information for routine decisions (mengelola informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan)

• Operational efficiency (efisiensi operasional, finansial SDM & proses)finansial, SDM & proses)

• Use transaction data as main input (inputnya adalah transaksi antara pembeli dg perusahaan

• Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas (penggunaan basis data untuk menyimpan informasi pasca transaksi

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Management Information Systems (MIS)

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MIS Outputs

• Scheduled reports (Laporan harian, bulanan, tahunan)

• Demand reports (laporan sesuai kriteria tertentu, p ( p ,misal. Khusus item produk tertentu)

• Exception reports (laporan dengan pengecualian tertentu, mis. laporan penjualan kecuali hari libur kerja)

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Decision Support Systems (DSS)• DSS- A decision support system is an organized

collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to support problem-specific decision making. (mendukung pengambilan keputusan)pengambilan keputusan)

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Essential DSS Elements

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Special-Purpose Business Information Systems

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) Systems• Virtual Reality Systems • Expert Systems• Other Special-Purpose Business Information

Systems

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The Major Elements of Artificial Intelligence

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Virtual Reality

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Data Glove

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Systems Development

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Why Learn About Information Systems?Kenapa perlu mempelajari Sistem Informasi ?• Advance in your career (kemajuan karier)• Solve problems (solusi atas suatu masalah, alat

bantu dalam menyelesaikan masalah)• Realize opportunities (mewujudkan peluang

atau yg sebelumnya masih kemungkinan dg SI memungkinkan diwujudkan)

• Meet your career goals (mewujudkan tujuan karier atau cita-cita/harapan yg lebih baik)

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Computer and Information System Literacy

• Computer literacy (penguasaan komputer)-knowledge of computer systems and equipment

• Information system literacy (penguasaan Sistem Informasi) - knowledge of how data and information are used

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Information Systems in Functional Areas of Business

• Finance and Accounting• Sales and Marketing

M f t i• Manufacturing

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Information Systems in Industry

• Investment firms• Banks• Publishing companiesg p• Healthcare organizations• Management consulting firms

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Summary

• Data - raw facts• Information - data transformed into a

meaningful form • System - set of elements that interact to• System - set of elements that interact to

accomplish a goal • Systems development - creating or modifying

existing business systems

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