1. Simple Present Tense1. Simple Present TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan sehari-hari dan Tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan sehari-hari dan

digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum.digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum.A. A. Kalimat NominalKalimat Nominal

Rumus :Rumus : (+) Subject + am/is/are + Complement(+) Subject + am/is/are + Complement

(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + Complement(-) Subject + am/is/are + not + Complement(?) Am/is/are + Subject + Complement(?) Am/is/are + Subject + Complement

Contoh :Contoh :* I am handsome (Saya tampan).* I am handsome (Saya tampan).

* She is a dentist (Dia adalah seorang dokter gigi).* She is a dentist (Dia adalah seorang dokter gigi).* They are singer (Mereka adalah penyanyi).* They are singer (Mereka adalah penyanyi).

B.   B.   Kalimat VerbalKalimat VerbalRumus :Rumus :

(+) Subject + Verb 1 (s / es) + Complement(+) Subject + Verb 1 (s / es) + Complement(-) Subject + do/ does + not + Verb 1 + Complement(-) Subject + do/ does + not + Verb 1 + Complement

(?) Do / Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement(?) Do / Does + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement

Contoh : Contoh : We play football together.We play football together.

* He buys a book.* He buys a book.* My mother cooks in the kitchen.* My mother cooks in the kitchen.

* The sun rises in the east* The sun rises in the east

2. Present Continuous TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas

yang sedang berlangsung di waktu sekarang.A. Kalimat Nominal

Sama dengan Simple present tense.B. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus : (+) Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing + Complement

(-) Subject + am/is/are + Verb-ing + not + Complement(?) Am/is/are + Subject + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :* We are singing now.

* She is blowing the candle.* They are building the stable.

3. Present Perfect TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah

selesai dilakukan dalam waktu yang tidak tentu dimasa lampau dan biasanya membawa akibat dimasa sekarang.

A.  Kalimat NominalRumus :

(+) Subject + Has/Have + been + Complement(-) Subject + Has/Have + not + been + Complement

(?) Has/Have + Subject + been + ComplementContoh :

* I have been here for an hour.* He has been in Sidney since two years ago.

B.  Kalimat Verbal Rumus :

(+) Subject + Has/Have + Verb 3 + Complement(-) Subject + Has/Have + not + Verb 3 + Complement

(?) Have/Has + Subject + Verb 3 + ComplementContoh :

* Mr. Ali has finished taught the students.* Rudi and Firman have played badminton.

4. Present Perfect Continuous TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang

dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang.

A. Kalimat NominalSama dengan present perfect tense

B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus :

(+) Subject + Has/Have + been + Verb-ing + Complement(-) Subject + Has/Have + not + been + Verb-ing +

Complement(?) Have/Has + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :* The policeman has been chasing the robber for two

hours.* My brother has been sleeping since six o’clock.

5. Simple Past TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan

aktivitas yang terjadi pada waktu lampau.A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus : (+) Subject + was/were + Complement

(-) Subject + was/were + not + Complement(?) Was/were + Subject + Complement

Contoh : * I was in Jakarta last month.* You were angry last time.* She was sad yesterday.

B. Kalimat VerbalRumus :

(+) Subject + Verb 2 + Complement(-) Subject + did + not + Verb 1 + Complement

(?) Did + Subject + Verb 1 + ComplementContoh :

* I wrote the letter for you yesterday.* He replied the message a few minutes ago.

* They came to my house last week.

6. Past Continuous TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang

berlangsung ketika peristiwa yang lain terjadi diwaktu yang lampau.

A. Kalimat NominalSama dengan past tense

B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus :

(+) Subject + was/were + Verb-ing(-) Subject + was/were + not + Verb-ing

(?) Were/was + Subject + Verb-ing

Contoh : * Roni was eating some meals when you came.

* The bus driver was driving quickly when you called me.

7. Past Perfect TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah

selesai dilakukan ketika atau sebelum peristiwa yang lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.

A. Kalimat NominalRumus :

(+) Subject + had been + complement(-) Subject + had + not + been + Complement

(?) Had + Subject + been + Complement

Contoh : * They had been in Garuda restaurant before the punkers

came.* She had been on the second floor of apartment when the

telephone rang.

B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus :

(+) Subject + had + Verb 3 + Complement(-) Subject + had + not + Verb 3 + Complement

(?) Had + Subject + Verb 3 + Complement

Contoh : * Santoso had written the novel.

* The workers had built the bridge.

8. Past Perfect Continues TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang telah

sedang berlangsung selama jangka waktu tertentu ketika peristiwa yang lain terjadi pada waktu lampau.

A. Kalimat NominalSama dengan past perfect tense

B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus :

(+) Subject + had + been + Verb-ing + Complement(-) Subject + had + not + been + Verb-ing + Complement

(?) Had + Subject + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :* Marissa had been swimming in the swimming pool

B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus : 

(+) Subject + will/shall + Verb 1 + Complement(-) Subject + will/shall + not + Verb 1 + Complement

(?) Will/Shall + Subject + Verb 1 + ComplementContoh :

* They will get an examination.* Mr. Ibnu will feed the fish.

11. Future Perfect TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan

sudah selesai dilakukan dimasa mendatang. A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus: (+) Subject + will/shall + have been + Complement

(-) Subject + will/shall + not + have  + been + Complement(?) Will/shall + Subject + have + been + Complement

Contoh :* They will have been in this garden at seven o’clock

tomorrow..

10. Future Continues TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan sedang berlangsung dalam waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan

datang.A. Kalimat Nominal

Sama dengan future tenseB. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus : (+) Subject + will/shall + be + Verb-ing + Complement

(-) Subject + will/shall + not + be + Verb-ing + Complement(?) Will/shall + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :* We will be fishing fish in the river at eight o’clock

tomorrow.* Susi will be getting award from the teachers at this time

next week.

12. Future Perfect Continues TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan telah

sedang berlangsung beberapa lama pada waktu yang akan datang.

A. Kalimat NominalSama dengan future perfect tense

B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus :

(+) Subject + will/shall + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement(-) Subject + will/shall + have + not + been + Verb-ing +

Complement(?) Will/shall + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :* My family will have been staying in London for 3 years by next

August.* My little sister will have been sleeping for five hours by eight

o’clock.

13. Past Future TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang akan

dilakukan dimasa lampau namun tidak terjadi.A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + be + Complement

(-) Subject + would/should + not + be + Complement(?) Would/should + Subject + be + Complement

Contoh :* I would be nervous.

* My friends would be in the hospital..

. Kalimat Verbal Rumus :

(+) Subject + would/should + Verb 1 + Complement(-) Subject + would/should + not + Verb 1 + Complement

(?) Would/should + Subject + Verb 1 + Complement

Contoh :B* My father would blame you last week.

* I would invite you to my party three days ago

14. Past Future Continues TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas

yang akan sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu dan  pada masa yang lampau.

A. Kalimat NominalSama dengan past future tense

B. Kalimat Verbal Rumus :

(+) Subject + would/should + be + Verb-ing + Complement(-) Subject + would/should + not + be + Verb-ing +

Complement(?) Would/should + Subject + be + Verb-ing + Complement

Contoh :* Jane would be cooking by this time yesterday

* Ahmad would be reading newspaper.

15. Past Future Perfect TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang seharusnya telah selesai

dilakukan pada masa lalu.A. Kalimat Nominal

Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + have + been +

Complement(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been +

Complement(?) Would/should + Subject + have + been +

Complement

Contoh :* Mr. James would have been here before he went

to his office.

B. Kalimat VerbalRumus :

(+) Subject + would/should + have + Verb 3 + Complement

(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + Verb 3 + Complement

(?) Would/should + Subject + have + Verb 3 + Complement

Contoh :* Michael would have made a good toy.

* Susan would have finished her examination.

16. Past Future Perfect Continues TenseTense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang seharusnya telah sedang berlangsung selama jangka

waktu tertentu pada masa lampau.A. Kalimat Nominal

Sama dengan past future perfect tenseB. Kalimat Verbal

Rumus : (+) Subject + would/should + have + been + Verb-ing +

complement(-) Subject + would/should + not + have + been + Verb-ing +

Complement(?) Would/should + Subject + have + been + Verb-ing +

Complement

Contoh :* The red hat boy would have been catching the ball.

* I would have been staying here for 3 hours by yesterday.