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308167JPRS 8434116eptember 1983

USSReportELECTRONICSANDLECTRICALNGINEERING

No 113

9 9 9 6 2 47F ISjFOREIGNBRO DC STNFORM TIONSERVICE

DISTRIBUTION S T TE M E N T pproved f o r Publ ic Releasettt dtun-j -- Nmmrmm v mxrM i: .it-xI m . . . ; t mmm^mmimmiuug.ammmmmmmmmmmmmmmm-- JSU

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NOTE

JPRSpublicationscontaininformationprimarilyfromforeignnewspapers,periodicalsandbooks,butalsofrom newsagencytransmissionsandbroad-casts. Materialsfromforeign-languagesourcesaretranslated;thosefromEnglish-languagesourcesaretranscribedorreprinted,withtheoriginalphrasingandothercharacteristicsretained.Headlines,editorialreports,andmaterialenclosedinbrackets[ ]aresuppliedbyJPRS, Processingindicatorssuchas[Text]or[Excerpt]inthefirstlineofeachitem,orfollowingth elastlineofabrief,indicatehowtheoriginalinformationwasprocessed. Wherenoprocessingindicatorisgiven,theinformationw assummarizedorextracted.Unfamiliarnamesrenderedphoneticallyortransliteratedareenclosedinparentheses. Wordsornamesprecededbyaquestionmarkandenclosedinparentheseswerenotclearintheoriginalbuthavebeensuppliedasappropriateincontext. Otherunattributedparentheticalnoteswithinthebodyofanitemoriginatewiththesource. Timeswithinitemsareasgivenbysource.Thecontentsofthispublicationinnowayrepresentthepolicies,viewsorattitudesoftheUS.Government,

PROCUREMENTOFPUBLICATIONSJPRSpublicationsmaybe.orderedfromtheNationalTechnicalInformationService(NTIS),Springfield,Virginia22161, Inordering,itisrecom-mendedthattheJPRSnumber,title,dateandauthor,ifapplicable,ofpublicationbecited.CurrentJPRSpublicationsareannouncedinGovernmentReportsAnnouncementsissuedsemimonthlybytheNTIS,andarelistedintheMonthlyCatalogofU.S.GovernmentPublicationsissuedbytheSuperintendentofDocuments,U,S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,Washington,D.C,20402.CorrespondencepertainingtomattersotherthanprocurementmaybeaddressedtoJointPublicationsResearchService,1000NorthGlebeRoad,Arlington,Virginia22201,

SovietbooksandjournalarticlesdisplayingacopyrightnoticearereproducedandsoldbyNTISwithpermissionofthecopyrightagencyoftheSovietUnion. Permissionforfurtherreproductionmustbeobtainedfromcopyrightowner,

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JPRS8434116September1983

U S S R P R T ELECTRONICSNDLECTRICALNGINEERING

No.113CONTENTS

ACOUSTICSSPEECHANDSIGNALPROCESSINGWaveguide-Optical ReadoutofSignalsinSurface-Acoustic-WaveDevices

( A .F .Bessonov,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)AEROSPACE ANDELECTRONICSYSTEMS

MeasurementofSignal-To-BackgroundNoiseRatioinSatelliteTelevisionChannel WithDispersionofFMSignalEnergy( B .A .Lokshin,etal.;ELEKTROSVYAZ,No5 ,May83)2

DesignofRelayCircuitsfo rPhase-Locked AutomaticFrequencyControlinSatelliteCommunicationSystemswithMultistationAccessandTimeSharing( M .M.Simonov, G .Kh .Pan'kov;ELEKTROSVYAZ',No5 ,May83)

ANTENNASA NDPROPAGATIONOnHighFrequencyElectromagnetic Wav eScatteringatEllipticalImpedanceCylinder

( T .M.Zaboronkova;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 4ParametersofArtificialInhomogeneitiesDeterminedfromBackscatterObservations UsingObliqueSounding

( V .A .Alebastrov,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr83)4DeterminationofAttenuationofVisible,Infraredand MillimeterWavesinCloudsUsingMeteorological Models( V .P .Bisyarin;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83).a~ (III-USSR-21ES&T]

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AxisymmetricOscillationsinSpheroidalOpenDielectricResonators( M .A.Starkov;RADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)

OptimizedProcessingofOpticalSignalsforNoncoherentDetection( P .A .Bakut,et.al.;RADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )

ConcurrentOptimization ofTransmissionandReceptionChannelsInRadar( V .A .Burov,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)

ExperimentalStudyofShortwaveSignalScatteringbyaMovingTerminator( V .G .Galushko,Yu.M.Yampol'skiy;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 )8

OnApplicationofMonteCarloMethodtoSolutionofStatisticalRadio WavePropagation ProblemsinRandomlyInhomogeneousIonosphere( V .V .Kopeykin,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83)8

SelectingOptimalGeometricParametersforHelicalConicalAntennasUsing Wire with AdditionalBends( V .I .Demidchik;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83).9

ChangesintheDirectionFindingCharacteristicsDuringTrackingofSourceofSignalWithMismatchedPolarization( B .D .Sergiyevskiy;RADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83).10

CostOptimizationofAntennaDimensionsforSpaceSolarElectricPowerPlantt A . -V .Vasil'yev,etal.,RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 ) 10

EstimateofSteady-StateInterferenceCovariationMatrix( Y e .I .Lifanov,V.A .Likharev;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83).11

DiagnosisofFaultyElementsin PhasedAntenna ArraysbyFocusingMethod( B .Ye.Kinber,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83) 12

OptimizationofAntennaRadiationPatternUnderConditionsofSpaceInterference( A .G .Senin;RADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)12

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CIRCUITSANDSYSTEMSWavesinScale-InvarientSystems

( A .P .Kuzhetsov,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 )14StudyofOpenResonatorsWithRectangularInhomogeneitiesintheReflector

( B .M.Bulgakov,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) .15IntegratedOptics-StatusandProspectsfo rDevelopment( A .M.Goncharenko;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 ) .15DesignofSwitchableFiltersforWidebandTransmitters( V .Yu.Bayevskiy,V .B .Kozyrev;ELEKTROSVYAZNo5 ,May83..16Active MicrowaveFiltersonBasisofTransistor-TypeImmitanceTransformer( N .A .Filinyuk;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)...17NonlinearAnalysisofPhase-Shift(C-Parallel)RC-OscillatorsandOscillator with DistributedRC-Network

( A .M.Vorob'yev,V.0 .Yeliseyev;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )SynthesisofRegenerativeMicrowavePowerAmplifiers

( A .V .Bugayev,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83) 18DigitalComputerModelingofCombinedDetectionandFilteringCircuits( L .G .Yendovitskaya;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )19COMMUNICATIONSOne AlgorithmforEstimatingSpectralDensity ParametersofRandomSignal(MikhailGrigor'yevichZotov;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:LEKTROMEKHANIKA, No3 ,Mar83)20MathematicalModelsofPulsed Noise( L .D .Protsenko;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 20ProbabilisticRadioSignalPhaseModels

( B .A .Atayants,A.V .Karpov;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No.4,-Apr83)21MicrowaveEquipmentof'Radan-2'Digital RadioRelaySystem( L .M.Martynov,etal.;ELEKTROSVYAZ',No5 ,May83)21

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UseofRedundancyinLineCodefo rServiceCommunicationinDigitalTransmissionSystem( M .M .Ptichnikov,etal.;ELEKTROSVYAZ',No5 ,May83).22

StabilityofaGunnDiodeOscillatorinLimitedSpaceChargeStorageMode( M .M .Doktorevich,V .G .Shinkarenko;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83).

DesignofFiberOpticsDataAcquisitionNetwork( V .P .Kutakhov,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )23

NoiseToleranceofInformationTransmissionSystemsUsingPulseCodeModulation(AReview)( N .I .Pilipchuk;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 24

DesignofAdaptiveDigitalTransmissionSystemsforContinuousMessagesBasedonCompressedDataNoiseTolerance( Y e .A .Yavorskiy;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 25

OptimalControlofRadioSignalPowerinChannelswithFadeoutandFluctuationInterference( A .N .Sharov,Ye.N.Groshikov;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83). 25

AnalysisofThresholdEffectsinRandomSignalSourceLocationEstimation( A .P .TrifonovjIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 26

ReceptionNoiseImmunityofPulseWidthandFrequency-ModulatedPseudonoiseSignals( L .Ye.Varakin;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83)26ProbabilityofErrorinReceptionofOrthogonalSignalswithDiscreteFrequency.ModulationinStructuredNoise( R .F .Obukhovich,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 27

EstimateofProbabilityofFalseReceptionofWidebandSignals( R .R .Bikkenin;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr83) 27

OptimalReceptionofPhase-KeyedPseudorandomSignalModulatedatCarrierFrequency b y . Informative Message( P .N .Serdyukov,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83).... 28

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ComputationofSpectraofRelatedArbitraryBCHCodes( V .I .Korzhik,N .P .Borisenko;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:AD 10ELEKTRON I K A , . No4 ,Apr83)29

EquivalentRepresentationofthePosition Fixersfo rPulseSignalsandTheirOptimization( V .V .Kashinv,Ya.S .Basevich IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr83)29Picosecond RadioPulseReflectometer( B .A .StryukoV,P .V .Milyayev;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83).30

Unified KeyboardforElectronicTelegraphSetOperating WithFive-ElementCode( A .I .Kordobovskiy,etal.;ELEKTROSVYAZ'No5 ,May83)EffectivenessofSuccessiveSearchforaSignalinCharacterProcessingofaReceived Voltage

( Y u .P .Ozerskiy;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 1Searchfo raSignalbyFrequencywith HighSignal-To-Noise Ratio

( D .A .Revenok;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 32MethodofOptimizingDesignofLine-of-SightRadioRelayLines

( A .I .Rakov,V .K .Ashirov;ELEKTROSVYAZ',No5 ,May8 3 )32MatchingDeviceforVHF-BandRadioTransmitter

( I .I .Golombek,B .V .Kopylev;ELEKTROSVYAZ', No5 ,May83)...33Algorithmfo rProcessingBinaryQuantizedSignalFlowwith KnownPacketBeginningandEnd

( S .A.Zuyev;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr83) 4Increasing Time ResolutionofSignalswithLimitedFrequencyBandwidth( S .N .Kirillov;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) . . 34RadioBroadcastReceiverwithSingleSidebandSelectionCapacity

( M .U.Bank;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )35MethodsofTransmittingControlSignalsOverBusy RadioBroadcastingChannels(Survey)( Y a .A .Kacherovich,ELEKTROSVYAZ', No5 ,May83)35Unconventional MethodsofCoolingInductiveComponentsin High-PowerMedium-WaveandLong-Wave RadioTransmitters( A .A .Vorob'yev,L .B .Rozenbaum;ELEKTROSVYAZ',No5 ,May83) 36

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Ultimate PossibleEstimatesofSignalDelayTimeinStrictConflictSituation( A .I .Zhodzishskiy,Yu .I .Zhodzishskiy;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83).. 37

Analog-to-DigitalConverterforDataTransmissionEquipment(D/A.Tsirel'son,etal.;ELEKTROSVYAZ V ,No5, May83)37COMPUTERSDevelopmentofElectricalApparatusAutomated PlanningSystem(AleksandrGrigor'yevich Nikitenko;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: ELEKTROMEKHANIKA,No3 ,Mar83)3 9 ASystem ofOrthogonalFuctionsfo rSpectralRapidAnalysisofSignals( Y e .F .Klimova,G .A.Kukharev;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RIBOROSTROYENIYE,No5 ,May8 3 ) 3 9 ApplicationofMicrocomputersinTestPulseGenerators

( G .V .Lipinskiy,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5 ,May83)...40AlgorithmsandStructuresfo rSpectralCorrelation SignalConverters

( V .P .Kontorovich,IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:PRIBOROSTROYENIYE,No5 ,May83)40ELECTROMAGNETICCOMPATIBILITY

GeneralAnalysisofResearchandDevelopmentofFusesBasedonIdentificationandOptimization Theory,Part1(Kemal'Kadyrobich Namitokob,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: ELEKTROMEKHANIKA,No3 ,Mar83)42ELECTRONDEVICESBifurcation ParameterofStochasticFreeOscillationsinGunnDiode( Y e .P .Bocharov,G .N .Korostelev;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 )

EffectofHigherCutoffFrequencyonPerformanceonGunn-EffectDiodes( E .D .Prokhorov,A .V .Lyadchenko;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRNIKA,No5 ,May83) 44

PhotocapacitanceofSiliconMOS-StructuresinUltravioletRangeofSpectrum( V .A .Zuyev,V .G .Popov;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKANo5 ,May83). 44

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INDUSTRIALELECTRONICSANDCONTROLINSTRUMENTATIONIntroductionofThyristorConverterTechnology- AnImportantMeansforSavingElectricPowerattheVolga MotorVehiclePlantimeni50thAnniversaryoftheUSSR

( V .V .Shipitsyn,etal.;PROMYSHLENNAYAENERGETIKA,No6 ,Jun8 3 ) . 46

INSTRUMENTATIONANDMEASUREMENTSMethodsandDevicesforUnsteady HeatMeasurementatCryogenicTemperatures

( N .V .Pilipenko,V .M.Klyuchev;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RIBOROSTROYENIYE,No5 ,May83)47MicrowaveMethodfo rCheckingCuringofMaterials

( V .V .Maslov;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:PRIBOROSTROYENIYE,No5 ,May8 3 )47ACtoDC MeasurementConvertersinan AmplitudeSelector

( L .I .Volgin,A .V .Yefimov;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RIBOROSTROYENIYE,No5 ,May8 3 )48RadiationMeterforMeasuringTemperatureofWaterSurface( V .I .Povarkov,etal.;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYAPROMYSHLENNOST',No4 ,Apr83) 49MetricsofMultimodeFiberLightGuidesandProblemsofStandardizationofMeasurements( A .V .Belov,V .B .Neustruyev;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )49

CalculationofConversionFactorofMagnetic Modulation MeasurementConverterswithPulsedExcitation( V .V .Yakovenko,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: PRIBOROSTROYENIYE,No5 ,May8 3 ) 50

Kinoholography withMicrowaves( V .M.Ginzburg,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83).... 50

MAGNETICSImpulseMagnetizationofPermanentMagnetsinClosedElectrical

ApparatusCircuits(ViktorIvanovich Astapov,etal.;IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: ELEKTROMEKHANIKA,No3 ,Mar83)52MagnetostaticWavesWithComplexWaveNumbersinLosslessFerriteFilm( G .A .Vugal'ter.;RADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83).53

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MICROWAVETHEORY ANDTECHNIQUESCalculation ofThermalVoltagesinIntegratedMicrocircuits

( V .M.Zhuravlev,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RIBROSTROYENIYE ,No5 , May83)54AcoustoelectronicDevicesonAluminumNitrideforDataProcessing( N .S .Pashchin,etal.;MIKROELEKTRONIKA,No3 ,May-Jun

83), 54MicroelectronicDevicesBasedonThird-OrderNonlinearAcoustoelectronicEffects

( L .A.Slavutskiy,I .Yu.Solodov;MIKROELEKTRONIKA,No3 ,May-Jun 8 3 ) 55IntegratedMicrocircuitofStroboscopicMixer

( A .T .Kozlov,etal.;MIKROELEKTRONIKA,No3 ,May-Jun8 3 )56ThroughputCapacityofChannelsforRoutinginBasicChips( M .V .Alyushin,A .N .Karmazinskiy;MIKROELEKTRONIKA,No3 ,May-Jun8 3 ) 57EtchingofPositiveElectronandX-ray ResistsDuringIrradiationby Medium-EnergyIons

( K .A .Valiyev,etal.;MIKROELEKTRONIKA,No3 ,May-Jun83)...57MechanismsofBreakdowninStructuresofGaAsField-EffectTransistors

( B .S .Kerner,etal.;MIKROELEKTRONIKA,No3 ,May-Jun83)8DynamicofMagneticFluxQuantainPeriodicJosephsonStructuresWithParametricControl

( A .A .Zubkov,G .M.Lapir;MIKROELEKTRONIKA,No3 ,May-Jun83) 59CharacteristicCurveofHeterogeneous MediumforRecordingofOpticalData

( A .F .Kabychenkov;MIKROELEKTRONIKA,No3 ,May-Jun83)60POWER ENGINEERING

FunctionalCapabilitiesofElectricEnergyAccumulatorsinPowerSystems( Y u .N .Astakhov,etal.;ELEKTRICHESTVO,No4 ,Apr83).Accident-Free Work-A ComplexProblem( B .G .Loktev;ELEKTRICHESKIYESTANTSII,No4 ,Apr8 3 )62EffectivenessofIntroducing'Summer'TimeforMoscow PowerSystem( B .I .Makoklyuyev,etal.;ELEKTRICHESTVO,No4 ,Apr8 3 )6 2

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ExperimentalModelofSuperconducting1000A Converter( V .Ye.Ignatov,etal.;ELEKTRICHESTVO,No4 ,Apr83)63

ExperienceofOperationofOverhead35-750kVElectricPowerTransmissionLines( A .D .Gerr,E .V .Didenko;ELEKTRICHESKIYESTANTSII,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) . 63

ProtectionofPowerTransmission LinesfromArc-OversCausedbyLargeBirds( B .B .Bochkovskiy,etal.;ELEKTRICHESKIYESTANTSII,No4 ,Apr83).... 64

ResultsofIntroductionandOperationofFixedInstrumentsfo rDeterminationof110-750kVPowerLineDamageLocations( A .I .Ayzenfel'd;ELEKTRICHESKIYESTANTSII,No4 ,Apr83)6 5

SomeResultsofUtilizationof750kVElectricPowerTransmissionLine( V .V .Yershevich,L .F .Krivushkin;ELEKTRICHESTVO,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 65

RetainingHighEfficiencyinBridgePowerSummation( S .Ye.London,etal.;RADIOTEKHNIKA,No5,May83)66

StartingUnitofAutomaticReservePowerUnitMadeofResonantSealedSwitches(VitaliyAnatol'yevichBorodenko,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: ELEKTROMEKHANIKA,No3 ,Mar83)....66QUANTUMELECTRONICS/ELECTRO-OPTICS

ViabilityofGradientLightGuides( I .V .Aleksandrov,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)6 7 SpectralCharacteristicsofSiliconBolometers( N .A .Pankratov,etal.;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST'No4 ,Apr83) 67MethodofDeterminingSpectralPolarizationCharacteristicsofDevicesforTelemetryofNaturalEnvironment( B .I .Belyayev,etal.;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOSTNo4 ,Apr83) 6 8

EffectofTemperature VariationonDivergencesofLightBeamsReflectedbyLight.BeamReversingPrisms( L .A .Smirnov,etal.;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST',No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 6 9

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PresentStateofArtandDevelopmentTrendsinFiber-OpticTransducersofMechanicalQuantities( D .A .Grechinskiy,A.L .Patlakh,OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYAPROMYSHLENNOST', . N o4 ,Apr83) . . 69

VariationinSensitivityofFiberOpticTransducerasaFunctionofFiberCharacteristicsandSensingElementDesign( M .M .Butusov,et.al.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 ) .70EquipmentforReproducingPhotographicPatternsbyProjectionMethod( R .M.Larina,etal.;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA PROMYLENNOST',No4 ,Apr83) 70

AcousticoelectronicParametric AmplificationofIRandVisibleBandElectromagnetic WavesinPlanarOptical WaveGuides( A .L.Kalapusha,N .Ya.Kotsarenko;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )71

UseofToolwithBondedAbrasivefo rGrinding KRS-5andKRS-6Crystals( F .N .Kozlov,etal.;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST 1,No4 ,Apr83) 71

PropertiesofMetallized LightGuidesfo rOpticalCables( N .A .Semenov;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)7 2Wide-BandFiberOpticalTransmissionLinefo rTelemetryInformation( Y u .Kh .Ayunts,A.P.Kryukov;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )72IntegratedOpticalCoupler( Y u .M.Gusev,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83).73FiberOpticCommunicationsLinewith400 Mbit/sThroughputCapacityUsingSingleMode LightGuide( M .I .Belovolov,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May 8 3 )73

MethodsandDevicesforWavelength-DivisionMultiplexingofChannelsinFiberOpticCommunicationsLines( Y e .M.Dianov,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )74StudyofIntegrated-Optical Analog-DigitalConverterCharacteristics( R .G .Dokhikyan,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)74

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Determination ofAF CofVariableLength LightGuides(I.P.Korshunov,R.F.Matveyev;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA, N o5,May83)75

MiddleIRBandIntegratedOpticalElements(V .F.Terichev;IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY:R ADIO E LEKT R O N IKA,N o5,May83) 7 5AnalysisofOpenMicrowaveandOpticalBandResonantSystems(V.F.Vyatyshev,V.I.Kalinichev;I ZV ESTI Y AVYSSHIKHUC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA, No5,May83)7 6UseofOpticalWaveGuidesinPhysicalEffectTransducers(S.N.Khotyaintsev;IZVESTIYA V Y SSHIKHUC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY:R ADIO E LEKT R O N IKA,N o5,May83) 7 6MultichannelFiberOpticD opplerSpeed Meters(N .F.Bogomolov,S .N.Khotyaintsev;IZVE S T IYAVYSSHIKHUC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA, No5,May83)7 7Laser WeldingofLightGuides(V .A.Svirid,etal.;IZVESTIYA V Y SSHIKHUC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKA, No5,May83)77Electrooptical BraggModulatorBasedon DiffusionAg:LiTaOWaveGuide(A.K.Angelov,etal.;IZVE S T IYAVYSSHIKH UC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY:ADIO E LEKT R O N IKA,No5,May83)78

ArrangementofPhotoreceiversinInterferometers(G.V.Merkishin;OPTI KO- M EKHA NI C H ESKA YAPROM Y SHL ENNOST1,No4,Apr83) 78

NoiseBandofThermovisor With MultielementReceiver(B.V.Ukhov,T.I.Mityanina;OPTI KO- M EKHA NI C H ESKA YAP R O MYS HLE N N O S T ',No4,Apr83) 79EstimatingInstrumentErrorofInfraredRadiationMeters(K.I .Shmel'kov;OPTI KO- M EKHA NI C H ESKA YAP R O MYS HLE N N O S T ',No4,Apr83) 80StudyofTransmissionofNoncoher entSignalPulseThroughOpticalCable(T.A.Martynova,etal.;I ZV ESTI Y AVYSSHIKH UC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5,May83)80EquipmentforLineChannelofLightGuidesinDigitalTransmissionSystems(V .D.Liferenko,etal.;EL EKTROSV Y A Z' ,.No5,May83)81 FiberLig htGuidesfortheMiddleIR Band(Ye.M.Dianov;IZVE S T IYA V Y SSHIKH UC H EB NY KHZAVEDENIY:R ADIO E LEKT R O N IKA,N o5,May83) 81

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EffectofScanningSystemswithPlane Mirrorson LocationandQualityofImageofPointObject( B .P .Maykov,V .A .Meytin;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYAPROMYSHLENNOST', . N o4 ,Apr8 3 ),82

TransmissionofTwoDimensionalandColorImagesThroughaSingleFiberbySpectralScanning( V .P .Demchenkov,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May83)...82Thermophysical PropertiesandThermalDeflectionofCellularMirrors( V .D .Derevenskiy,etal.;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYAPROMYSHLENNOST',No4 ,Apr83). - . . 83StudyofYBranches-fo rFiberOpticCommunicationsLineWithEndJoiningofMultimodeFiber

( I .6 .Voytenko,etal.;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKA,No5 ,May8 3 )84CheckingWavefrontofLaserBeam( N .G .Kiselev;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYA PROMYSHLENNOST',No4 ,Apr83). 84LightScatteringVarnishforTechnologyofOpticalGratings( R .Ye .Gushlyak,etal.;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYAPROMYSHLENNOST',No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 85

SOLIDSTATECIRCUITSScaleVoltageIndicatorBasedonLightEmittingNeuristor

( N .T .Gurin;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:PRIBOROSTROYENIYE,No5 ,May8 3 )86NEWACTIVITIES,MISCELLANEOUS

OnEvolutionofSmallTransversePerturbationsataSlightlyNon-UnidimensionalSolitonFront( M .Z .Pesenson;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr83) 87

EffectofAtmosphericInterferenceonPerformanceofOpticalRangeFinders( V .I .Grigor'yevskiy,A .N .Lomakin;OPTIKO-MEKHANICHESKAYAPROMYSHLENNOST',No4 ,Apr83) 88

Illumination DistributionofNarrowLightBeaminTurbidAtmosphere( A .S .Drofa,A .L .Usachev;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr83).88TowardsaTheoryofThermalRadiation TransportinRandomly. : . .Inhomogeneous Media( A .N .Reznik;IZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:RADIOIFIZIKA,No4 ,Apr8 3 ) 89

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ACOUSTICSSPEECHA NDSIGNALPROCESSING

UDC534.2:535.42WAVEGUIDE-OPTICALREADOUTOFSIGNALSINSURFACE-ACOUSTIC-WAVEDEVICESMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAinRussian Vol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived19Oct81)pp984-992BESSONOV,A .F. ,DERYUGIN,L.N.andKOMOTSRTY,V.A.[Abstract]eadoutofradiosignalsfrom aphotodetectoratthecarrierfre-quencyinSAWdevicesby meansofastationarydiffractiongratingandalightbeamisanalyzed. Thelightbeampropagatesalongthesurfacethroughanopti-calwaveguide. Themainadvantageofasurfacewaveguideoveravolume wave-guideisalargerdepthofspace-phasemodulationandthusahighersignaltransmissioncoefficient,withoutreflections.heperformancecharacteristicsofthisindirectopticalreadoutsystem,small-signaltransmissioncoefficientandoutputpower,arecalculatedonthebasisoftheRaman-Hataconditionfordiffractionandthephotodetectorcurrentresultingfrominteractionofthewaveguideopticalwave withthetravelingsurfaceacousticwaveandthesta-tionaryreferencegrating.hephotodetectorcurrenthasaconstantcomponentandanalternatingone.hetwoprincipalsourcesofnoisevoltagearethermalnoiseintheloadresistanceandshotnoiseinthephotocurrent.heperformancecharacteristics,signaltransmissioncoefficientandsignal-to-noise ratio,arecomparablewithorbetterthanthoseofreadoutbymeansofaMach-Zander wave-guideopticalinterferometeranddirectreadoutbymeansofapiezoelectricinterdigitaltransducer.nadditionaladvantagei sthepossibility ofsignalamplificationbytheexternalsourceofthereadinglightbeam.igures5 ;references10: 4 Russian,6Western( 3intranslation).[261-2415]

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AEROSPACEANDELECTRONICSYSTEMS

UDC621.396.6:621.396.946.2 MEASUREMENT OFSIGNAL-TO-BACKGROUNDNOISERATIOINSATELLITETELEVISIONCHANNELWITHDISPERSION OFFMSIGNALENERGYMoscowELEKTROSVYAZ'inRussianNo5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived21Sep82)pp13-14LOKSHIN,B.A.,LISTOV,I.B.andNIKULIN,N.I.[Abstract] Qualitycontroloftelevisiontransmissioninthe"Moskva"systemviasatelliterelayand withnarrow-bandautomaticfrequencycontrolrequiresregularsignalmeasurementatthereceiverstations.hesemeasurementsmusttakeintoaccountthepresenceofaresidualFMdispersionsignal,notquiteeliminatedby"tying"theleveloftheimagesignalthroughthed.c.restorercircuitinthevideoamplifierinthereceiverbay.hisresidualdispersionsignalappearsafterpredistortionandtheautomaticfrequencycontrolsubse-quentlyreducesthefrequencydeviation,buti t introducesasignificanterror(typically 10-18mV )intothemeasurementofbackgroundinterference(typically7 mV ).uringmeasurementofthe weightednoise(typically1.5mV)the2.5Hzdispersionsignalisautomaticallysuppressedbytheinterferencesuppressionfilter,butanadditionalfilterisrequiredfo rsuppressingitduringmeasure-mentofthebackgroundinterference. specialfilterforthispurposehasbeendevelopedwith 40dBattentuationat2.5Hz,aprinted-circuitactivehigh-passfilterwithtransistoramplifierstage. Figures2 ;references: 3Russian.[258-2415]

UDC621.396.946.2DESIGN OFRELAYCIRCUITSFORPHASE-LOCKEDAUTOMATICFREQUENCYCONTROLINSATELLITECOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMSWITHMULTISTATIONACCESSANDTIMESHARINGMoscowELEKTROSVYAZ'inRussianNo5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived25Jan83)pp9-13SIMONOV,M.M.andPAN'KOV,G.Kh.[Abstract]hedesignofarelaycircuitfo rphase-lockedautomaticfrequencycontrolinsatellitecommunicationsystemswith multistationaccessandtimesharingisanalyzed,synchronization ofgroundstationsbeingachievedbytyingthetimebasesofalllocalstationstothatofonemasterstation.heper-formanceofthephasedetectorinsuchanautomaticcontrolsystemislargely

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affectedbythetimedelaywhichthesatellitetransmissionlineinsertsintothefeedback loop. Calculationsarebasedonamathematicalmodelofaphasedetectorwhichproducesasignaldeterminedbythesignoftheerrorsignalbutcarryingnoinformationaboutthemagnitudeandtherateofchangeoftheerrorsignal. Forsolvingtheclosed-loopequation,firsttheopenloopdifferentialequationdescribingthedependence ofoutputsignalon errorsignalissolved.Thisisdonemostexpedientlybyreducingthisequationtoasystemoftwolineardifferentialones. Theinitialconditionsforthesteady-stateprocessarenotrandomlyselectedbutfollowfromtheclosed-loopequation. periodicsteady-stateprocessinsuchacontrolsystemwithrelaycharacteristicconsistsofthreestagespercycle,thesecondandthirdstagecorrespondingrespectivelytothenegativeandpositive half-periodoftheerrorsignalwhenreadoutissettobeginbeforethefollowingcyclebegins. Forcalculationofthetransientprocess,thesimultaneoussolutionoftheaforementionedsystemoftwoequationscontinuesbeyondthefirstcycletilltheresultsbegintorepeatthemselves.Thedesignandreviewprocedureisdemonstratedonanastaticfilterforphase-lockedautomaticfrequencycontrol.heresultsindicatethatphsedetectorswithrelaycharacteristic andoscillatorswithdiscretephasecontrolaresuit-ableformultistationtime-divisionsatellitecommunicationsystems.igures2 ;tables1 ;reference4 : 3Russian,1 Western(intranslation).[258-2415]

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ANTENNASANDPROPAGATION

UDC538.574.4ONHIGH FREQUENCYELECTROMAGNETIC WAVESCATTERINGATELLIPTICALIMPEDANCECYLINDERGorkiyIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKAinRussian Vol26,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived22Jun82)pp509-512ZABORONKOVA,T.M.,ScientificResearch RadiophysicsInstitute[Abstract] cylindricalwaveimpingesfromavacuumonanunboundedellipti-ca lcylinderhavinglargeelectricaldimensions.hefieldscatteredbythecylinderisrepresentedasthesumofthefieldreflectedinaccordancewithgeometricopticsandthediffractionfielditself.helatterisrepresentedintheformofth esuperimpositionofthefieldsofthediffractionmodesdirectedbythecylindersurface. Expressionsare writtenforthefieldcom-ponentsoftheindividualdiffraction modes. Itisassumedthattheradiusofcurvatureofthedirectingsurfaceandthecylinderimpedanceareslowlychangingfunctionsofoneoftheellipticalcoordinateswithinthescaleofthediffrac-tionmodewave-length. Twospecificformsoftheimpedanceasafunctionofthisellipticalangularcoordinateareanalyzed,whichmakeitpossibletoas-certainparticularfeaturesofthediffractionofelectromagneticwavesatsmoothobjects. Forlowervaluesoftheimpedance,arigoroussolutionispossiblebytheseparationofvariables,wheretheresultingformuladescribesthefieldofaquasi-surfacewavethroughoutallspace. Forlargevaluesoftheimpedance,thequasi-surface wavebecomesgreatlycompressed.he valueoftheimpedancecanbechosensothattheresultsofthequasi-opticalapproximationremainapplicabletothequasi-staticcase.eferences: 4 Russian[255-8225]

UDC551.510.535PARAMETERSOFARTIFICIALINHOMOGENEITIESDETERMINEDFROMBACKSCATTEROBSERVATIONSUSINGOBLIQUESOUNDINGGorkiyIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKAinRussianVol26,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived3Aug8 2 )pp497-499ALEBASTROV,V.A.,BENEDIKTOV,Ye.A.,IVANOV,V.N.,IVANCHENKO,T.V.,IGNAT'YEV,Yu.A.,MUSHTAREYEV,O.M.,SAVEL'YEV,S.M.,SLIVINSKIY,A.P.andTEREKHOV,A.S.[Abstract]xperimentstodeterminethefinestructureofaregionoftheiono-spherebasedonbackscattersignalswereconductedduringAugustandSeptemberof1980onamidlatitudepath.heionospherewasheatedbymeansofa150KW

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transmitteroperatingat4.6and5.75MHz,withanantennadirectionalgainof100.hetransmittercycledwith aCWtransmissionfor5 minutesfollowedbya5 minutepause.heartificialionosphericperturbationwasobservedatapoint1,300kmfromthetransmitter.heinstrumentationmeasuredthesignallevelsintheshortwavebandfor10differentazimuthssimultaneously.heoverallviewingsectorwas60inazimuth.hesessionsranfrom20:00to4:00hrsMoscowtime.hescatteringcross-sectionindBwasmeasuredasafunctionoffrequencywhileobservingthebackscattersignalandthissignalamplitudehadreachedthesteady-statelevel,approximatelyoneminuteafterthestartoftheheating.hescattercross-sectionwaspracticallyconstantduringtheobservationsandwasindependentoftheheatingfrequency.heultimatebackscattersignalobservationfrequencyfollowedtheregularvaria-tionsinthe FlayerMUF(maximum usablefrequency)intheregionofthearti-ficialinhomogeneity.owever,itwas2to3 MHzhigherthantheF2MUF. Therecordingofbackscattersignalsusingobliquesoundinginanartificiallyheatedregioncanbeusedtodeterminetheparametersofsmallscaleinhomo-geneitieswhichoccurwhen highpowerradiowavesactontheionosphereandtoselecttheoptimalconditionsforthestudyoftheimpactofartificiald i s - ^turbancesonionosphericpropagation. Figures3 ;references: 3Russian.[255-8225]

UDC621.371DETERMINATION OFATTENUATION OFVISIBLE,INFRAREDANDMILLIMETER WAVESINCLOUDSUSINGMETEOROLOGICAL MODELSMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKAinRussianN o5 ,May83(manuscriptreceivedaftercom-pletion7Jan 8 3 )pp21-27BISYARIN,V.P.[Abstract] Theattentuationofradiationpropagating through cloudsisgovernedbytheformofthedistributionfunctionoftheparticlesize,theshapeoftheparticlesandtheirinternalstructure,thetemperatureandphasecompositionofthecloud,theoverallrefractionindexoftheparticlesandthe watercontentortheconcentrationoftheparticlesaswellastheirgeometricdimensions.Thestatisticsoftheseparametersarestudiedinordertosubstantiatemeteoro-logicalmodelsforstratusandcumuluscloudswhich makethegreatestcontribu-tiontoattenuation.ulkattentuationfactorsarecalculatedusingaone-timescatteringapproximationwiththemodelsadoptedinthispaper;thefiguresarecomparedwithexperimentaldatafo rvisibleandinfraredwavelengths.nexperi-mentalcheckoftheproposedprocedureforestimatingtheoverallattentuationisdifficultinthevisibleandIRspectrumbecauseoftheconsiderableopticalthicknessesandmultiplescattering.illimeterwavelength dataareusedtoshowthatthemodelcalculationfo rcumuluscloudsisingoodagreementwithexperiment,whilethecalculatedattenuationinstratusisonlyofthesameorderofmagnitude. Theanalysisoftheexperimentaldataonthesizeandwatercontentofdropletsshowsthatthecloudsresponsibleforthegreatestatten-uationcanbedescribedbythreemicrostructuralmodels,wherethe watercontentisalinearfunctionofthealtitudeabovethebaseofthecloud.heperunit

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lengthattentuationfactorsforvisible(0.63micrometer)andinfrared(10.6micrometer)wavelengthscalculatedfromthemodelsareinsatisfactoryagree-mentwiththecloudattenuationdatafromaircraftandhigh mountain pathmeasurements.igures3 ;tables4 ;references17:3Russian;4 Western.[254-8225]UDC621.372.413-422.13

AXISYMMETRICOSCILLATIONSINSPHEROIDALOPENDIELECTRICRESONATORSMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKAinRussian Vol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived3Apr8 1 )pp864-870STARKOV,M.A.[Abstract]heproblem ofaxisymmetricoscillationmodesinsphericalopendi-electricresonatorsinfreespaceissolvedforanoblateellipsoidofrevolu-tion. Thespectrumofnaturalmodesisdeterminedfromthecharacteristicequationandtheconditionofcontinuityforthetangentialfieldcomponentsattheresonatorsurface,withexpansionintooblateradialspheroidalfunctionsofthefirstkind(inside)andofthefourthkind(outside).heresultsarecomparedwiththoseforasphere,acircularcylinder,andaplane-parallellayeraslimitingfiguresintowhichanellipsoiddegenerates. numericalsolutionhasbeenobtainedforthecaseofinfinitedielectricperimittivity,theresultbeingusable,withsufficientaccuracy,fo rpracticalcasesofhighfinitedielectricpermittivity. Figures1 ;tables1 ;eferences10:ussian,5 Western.[261-2415]

UDC621.391.029.74OPTIMIZEDPROCESSING OFOPTICALSIGNALSFORNONCOHERENTDETECTIONMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAinRussian Vol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived16Feb82)pp931-942BAKUT,P.A.,LOGINOV,V.A.and MAYSTRENKO,G.I.[Abstract]irectornoncoherentdetectionofsemicoherentopticalsignalsisconsideredfromthestandpointoftheradarproblem ofmaximizingthesignal-to-noiseratioatthereceiveroutput.heprobingradiationisassumedtopropagateasalightbeamcoherentinspaceandasalightpulsesemicoherentintime,noncoherenceintimebeingcausedbylongitudinalmodesofopticalradiation. Signaldistortionintheatmopshereistakenintoaccount,butamplitudefluctuationsofthereflectedfieldareassumedtobethesameatallpointsofthereceiveraperturesothattheamplitudeitselfcanberegardedasanonrandom quantity. Thesignal-to-noiseratioatthereceiveroutputiscalculatedfo rareceiverstructureconsistingofaninertialessphasedetectorprecededbyanopticalfilterwithaspacefilterbehindandfollowedbyalow-passfilter. Thepredetectionamplificationisalsoassumedtobeanonrandom

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process,withnegligibletransients.heparametersofthereceivercomponentsandthustheprocessingofsignalsareoptimizedfo ramaximumsignal-to-noiseratio,assumingexternalfactorssuchassignallevelandambientnoiseaswellasprobingsignalcharacteristicsanddistortionsbytheatmospheretobefixed.Theconditionsfo roptimumspaceprocessingandforoptimumtimeprocessingareestablishedseparately,theformerachievable by meansofafocusinglensandth elatterachievablebymatchingthepostdetectionfiltereitherwiththemodulusofthesignalenvelope(behindtheopticalfilter)squaredinth ecaseofaperfectlycoherentsignalorwiththeconvolutionofthatmodulussquaredandthepulseresponseofthehigh-frequencyfiltersquaredinthecaseofastronglynoncoherentsignal.ptimalityofth epostdetectionfilterisnotverycritical,inasmuchasanappreciabledecreaseofthesignal-to-noiseratioresultsonlyfromalargemismatch betweenthepassbandofth epredetectionfilterandthespectralwidthoftheincomingsignalorbetweenthepassbandofthepostdetectionfilterandthebandofth evideopulsebehindtheopticalfilter. Figures1 ;tables3 ;references8 : 7Russian,1 Westernintranslation.[261-2415]

UDC621.391:519.2CONCURRENTOPTIMIZATIONOFTRANSMISSIONANDRECEPTION CHANNELSINRADARMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived22May81)pp911-914BUROV,V.A.,DMITRIYEV,O.V.andTUYKIN,O.R.[Abstract] Concurrentoptimizationoftransmission andreceptionchannelsinaradarsystemistreatedasaproblemofselectionofthesignaltomatchtwolinearscatteringoperators. Oneoperator( S )issoughtinthealgorithm ofsignalprocessing,theotherone( R )istheinterferenceoperator.heoptimumprocessingalgorithmisconstructedaccordingtothelikelihood-ratiocriterion. T h eoptimumsignalisselected . . .sothatitsvectorwillensurethebe stdistributionofthelikelihoodratio typicallyformaximum signalpoweratafixedsignifi-cancelevelonthebasisofL-statistics). Signalselectionisparticularlyimportantinthecaseofasmallusefulsignalcomponentatthereceiver.practicalapplicationofthismethodisthecaseofanaprioriknownscatteringoperatorS . Onecanassume hereanupperlimitofsignalpowerandaboundednormofthesignalvectorspace,alsoaGaussiandistributionofsignalread-ings.hechoiceofsignalwilldependonthedominantinterferencemodeanditscorrelationmatrix.hentheinterferencei sanexternalnoise,thentheproblem approachestheclassicaloneoffilteroptimizationfo rdetectionofasignalwithknownwaveform.eferences6 : 5 Russian,1 Westernintrans-lation.[261-2415]

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UDC621.396.24EXPERIMENTALSTUDYOFSHORTWAVESIGNALSCATTERINGBYAMOVINGTERMINATORGorkiyIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKAinRussian Vol26,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived12Jul8 2 )pp499-502GALUSHKO,V.G.andYAMPOL'SKIY,Yu.M.,InstituteofRadiophysicsandElectronicsoftheUkSSR AcademyofSciences[Abstract]hespecialcaseofmultipathpropagationwherethefieldatthereceiverisproducedbytw ospatialcomponentsisanalyzed.hesecomponentsarethedirectwave(usually,viaasingleskippath)andthatreflectedfromthemoving"nightday" boundary(theterminator). ThetransmitterwastheR VMstationoftheStateTimeandFrequencyServicelocatedin MoscowandthesignalwasreceivedattheradioastronomyobservatoryinthesettlementofGrakova.Thedirectpropagationpathwasapproximately640kmlong.he"north-south"antennasystemoftheUTR-2radiotelescopewasusedtoreceivethe9.996MHzsignals.hemeasurementtechniquedidnotallowadirectdeterminationofthereflectionfactoroftheterminator,becausethefieldincidenttothenightdayboundarywasnotknown;nonetheless,iti snotedthatthereflectedsignallevelaverages10to15dBlowerthanthedirectnighttimesignal,whichcon-firmstheconclusionsthatmirrorreflectionconditionsarenotmetattheterminatorandtherecordedfieldi stheresultofwavescatteringatelectronconcentrationgradientsandinhomogeneitiesinthetransitionregion.hedopplershiftofthereflectedsignalfrequencyisplottedasafunctionofobservationtimefo rthe monthsofAprilandDecember,showingreasonablegoodagreementbetweentheoryandexperiment. Themostfrequentreliabledetectionofthesignalreflectedfromtheterminatoroccurredatdistancesontheorderof1,500to2,000kmimmediatelybeforesunrise.hisisapparentlyrelatedtothechangeinthefieldincidentontheterminator. Figures3 ;references7 : 6 Russian;1 Westernintranslation.[255-8225]

UDC621.396.24ONAPPLICATIONOF MONTECARLOMETHODTOSOLUTIONOFSTATISTICALRADIOWAVEPROPAGATIONPROBLEMSINRANDOMLYINHOMOGENEOUSIONOSPHEREMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKAinRussianNo5 ,May83(manuscriptreceivedaftercom-pletion29Dec82)pp64-67KOPEYKIN,V.V.,SOKOLOVSKIY,V.l.andCHERKASHIN,Yu.N.[Abstract] Becausethestochasticequationdescribingradiowavepropagationinarandomlyinhomogeneousionosphere,giventheconditionofslowfluctua-tionsinthepropertiesofthe medium andamonochromaticsource,donothaveapreciseanalyticalsolution,theMonteCarlotechniqueisusedtoestimatethestatisticalcharacteristicsofthewavefielddescribedbythisequation.

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UDC621.396.67.01CHANGESINTHEDIRECTIONFINDINGCHARACTERISTICSDURING TRACKINGOFSOURCEOFSIGNALWITHMISMATCHEDPOLARIZATIONMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAin Russian N o5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived13Sep7 9 ,aftercorrection15Aug82)pp894-899SERGIYEVSKIY,B.D.[Abstract] Theperformance ofadirectionfinderisanalyzedforthecasewherethepolarizationofincomingsignalsdiffersfromthepolarizationofthere-ceiverantenna. Theradiation patternofareceiverantennainthegeneralcaseofarbitrarysignalpolarizationischaracterizedbythepolarizationmatchingfactorasafunctionoftheangularcoordinate.hedirectionfindingcharac-teristicofanamplitudinalmonopulsegoniometriccoordinatorwithsumanddifferencechannelsiscalculatedintheseterms,itsslopedependingonthepolarization mismatchandbeingeitherincreasedordecreasedbyanadditiveextraterm whichcanbepositiveornegative.heangularerrorandthefunc-tionallimitofthegoniometeraredeterminedbythisterm,asshownspecificallyinthecaseofaparabolicantennawithlinearoperatingpolarization.iththeantenna polarizationinaplanetypicallyat45totheprincipalaxis,theslopeofthegoniometercharacteristicbecomesnegativeandtheaccuracyofsourcetrackingbecomesunacceptablylowasthedirectionofsignalsourcepolarization approachesthedirectionofcross-polarization.heoreticalcalculationsandexperimentaldatayieldanapproximately5instabilitysector. Figures4 ;references19: 10Russian,7 Western( 3intranslation).[261-2415]

UDC621.396.67:629.78COSTOPTIMIZATIONOFANTENNADIMENSIONSFORSPACESOLARELECTRICPOWERPLANTMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAinRussian Vol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived16A pr81)pp977-983VASIL'YEV,A.V.,KLASSEN,V.l.,LASKIN,N.N.andTOBOLEV,A.K.[Abstract] Theproblemofoptimizingantennasforspacesolarelectricpowerplantsisformulatedwith respecttothecostof1 kWelectricoutputpower.Withthespecificfieldamplitude-phasedistributionintheapertureofthetransmitterantennaassumedtobegiven,thecharacteristicdimensionsLtofthetransmitterantennaandLrofthereceiverantenna(onground)aretobedetermined whichwillminimizethecostfunctionfirstinthecaseofaconstantpowerinputtothetransmitterantennaandthenfo rapowerinputtothetrans-mitterantennaproportionaltotheapertureareaofthatantenna.orbothalineartransmitterantennaarrayandasquaretransmitterantennaarraytherespectivelytwo-dimensionalorthree-dimensional problemreducestoasystemofcorrespondingtwotranscendentalequationswiththecostof1 kWasafunctionofL ( L L fixed)havingaminimuminthecaseofconstantt r r,opt

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inputpowerandhavingnoextremumbutdecreasingmonotonicallyasLtincreasesinthecaseofproportionalinputpower.alculationsforaspecificsolarelectricpowerplantinageostationaryorbitatradius R : ~36,000kmhaveyielded L ~5730mandL ~ . 6 3 0moran83:1ratioofrespectiveapertureareas.igures4 ;references11:6 Russian,5 Western( 2intrans-lation)[261-2415]UDC621.396.96:621.391.26

ESTIMATEOFSTEADY-STATEINTERFERENCECOVARIATIONMATRIXMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKAinRussian No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived16Nov82)pp53-55LIFANOV,Ye.I.andLIKHAREV,V.A.[Abstract] TheoptimalN-dimensionalcomplex vectorofthe weightingfunctioninadaptiveantennaarraysandmovingtargetindication(MTI)systemsisde-terminedasafunctionofthesignalpropertiesandtheaprioriinformationonitintermsoftheHermitiancovariationmatricesoftheinterference,theestimatesofthesematrices,th eestimateofthe( N-1)-dimensionalcovariationvectoroftheinterference,theHermitiancovariation matrixofthesignal,themaximumeigennumberofthematricesandtheN-dimensionalcomplexsignalvector.Themaximumlikelihoodestimateequation usuallyemployedastheestimateofthecovariationinterferencematrixisadducedandisassumedtobeagreenhousecovariationmatrixinthispaperfortwocases: 1 )InadaptiveMTIsystemsexposedtointerference whichissteady-stateintheestimation range,giventheconditionthatthesamplesoftheobservedprocessaretakenatequaltimeintervals;and2 )Inadaptivelinearantennaarrayswithequalspacingbetweenthearrayelements. Theestimateofthe maximumlikelihoodofthegreenhousecovariationinterference matrixisfoundwhichpermitsboostingtheeffectivenessofMTIsystemsforaconstantrepetitionrateofth eprobesignalintheselatterlinearantennaarrays. Theimpactoftheestimateconvergencerateontheefficiencyofanadaptivebandstopfilterwhichminimizesthemeansquareerrorisalsobrieflyevaluated.heuseoftheproposedestimateofthe maximumlikelihoodofthecovariationmatrix makesitpossibletosubstanti-allyincreasetheadaptationspeedofMTIsystemsandantennaarrays,therebyimprovingtheireffectiveness withasmallteachingsample volume.igures2 ;references3 : Russian;2 Western( 1intranslation)[254-8225]

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UDC621.396.677.49.01DIAGNOSISOFFAULTYELEMENTSINPHASEDANTENNAARRAYSBYFOCUSINGMETHODMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKA inRussianVol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived25Feb8 2 )pp843-853KINBER,B.Ye.,ANYUTIN,A.P.and MARTYNOV,A.M.[Abstract] Themethodof"focusingconvolution"fo rdiagnosisoffaultyelementsinphasedantennaarraysonthebasisofthecurrentdistributioninvolvesmeas-urementofthefieldatsomedistancefromtheantennaandproducingitsimagebyconvolutionofitsstructureandthefocalspot.hedistancefromtheplaneoftheantennatotheplaneofmeasurementmustbecorrect,relativetotheantennadimensions,forthenecessaryresolutionandforrevealingthevectornatureofthefield.heintegralequationofthefirstkindfo rdiagnosisisformulatedsoastorelateanarbitrarydistributionofcurrentsI(x,y,0)inthez= 0 planeofatwo-dimensionalantennaarraytothefieldE ,m>ZQ),H ( , / h ,z _ )thesecurrentsproduceinthez=zQ planeofmeasurement.hisequationissolvedapproximatelythroughconvolutionofthefieldE,Handascalarexponentialfunction. Theresolutionisthencalculated,consideringthattheultimatelyattainableresolutionisoftheorderof1/2XiththeFouriertransformsofthefocusingmatrixcomponentsbeingfinitefunctions.Thecross-polarizationinthefocalplaneisestablishedandahigherresolutionisfoundtobeachievablebyincreasingthecollimatorsurfaceareawithsmallvaluesofthe weightfunctionarounditsperiphery. Theeffectofdiscretizationontheaccuracyandtheeconomyofmeasurementsisdetermined. Theminimumdistancefromtheantenna,preferablefromthatstandpoint,islimitedbyantennareactionintheplaneofmeasurementaswellasbyinteractionoftheantennawiththemeasuringprobe. Forattainmentofagivenhighresolution,itisfoundnecessarytodecreasethediscretizationstepinmeasurementsneartheantennabutitispermissiblet oincreasethediscretizationstepwithincreasingdistancefarfromtheantenna.eastexpedientaremeasurementsmadewithintheintermediatezonebetween thenearfieldandtheFraunhoferregion. Figures7 ;references5 : 4 Russian,1 Westernintranslation.[261-2415]

UDC621.396.677.49:519.2OPTIMIZATIONOFANTENNARADIATIONPATTERN UNDER CONDITIONSOFSPACEINTERFERENCEMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived10Feb82)pp995-998SENIN,A.G.[Abstract] Theproblem ofsynthesizinganantennaradiationpatternandopti-mizingitformaximumsignal-to-noiseratiounderconditionsofinterferencewithindiscretedefinitespacesectors,asfoundinradioastronomy,issolvedonthebasisofthesolutiontoasimilarproblemforaharmonicsignaland

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arbitraryNdiscretedirectionsofinterference.heoptimumspace-timefilterisobtainedbyreplacingthesummationwithadefiniteintegralandaimingataninfinitesimalintensityofinterferencefromagivendirection.hefilterfunctionandtheweightfunctionarecalculatedbyreductionofthecorrespond-ingsystemofintegralequationstoasystemoffouralgebraic-trigonometricrelationsbetweencoefficientsandnumericalevaluationofthelatter.hecharacteristicequationofsuchafilterindicatesthefeasibilityofseparatespaceandtimeprocessing. Themethodisillustratedwithatypicalnumericalexampleofalinearantennaofrelativelength L / A .=80receivingasignalatangle < p = 10withinterferencewithinthe11

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CIRCUITSANDSYSTEMS

UDC537.86WAVESINSCALE-INVARIENTSYSTEMSGorkiyIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKAinRussian Vol26,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived7 Apr82,aftercompletion15Sep82)pp415-421KUZNETSOV,A.P.,KUZNETSOV,S.P.,MEL'NIKOV,L.A.,OSIN,A.B.and ROZHNEV,A.G.,SaratovStateUniversity[Abstract] Translationalinvariantsystemsarethoseinwhichasystemiscon-gruentwithitselfwhenshiftedthroughoneperiod(periodicsystems)orshiftedbyanyamount(homogeneoussystems),orwhen rotationallyshifted(helical).Thosesystemswhicharecongruentwiththemselveswith achangeinalldimen-sions(scales)bysomefactorof"a"timesarecalledscale-invariant.orscaleinvariantsystemswithdiscretevaluesof"a,"thesmallestpossiblevalueof"a"otherthanunityiscalledthescalefactorandwrittenintermsof"b,"wherea =bn,n beinganinteger. Suchsystemsincludelog-periodicandfrequencyindependentantennaswithultrawidebandwidths(10:1andmore).Thispaperanalyzesthephysicalpictureofwave phenomenainscale-invariantsystems,whichissimilarinessencetothatfoundinhomogeneousandperiodicsystems(e.g.,theconceptsofadispersionequation,spatialharmonics,groupandphasevelocity,synchronism). generalwaveequationisderivedinintegralformforthefreewavesinscale-invariantsystems.hereisnodispersionequationfo rthesesystems,becausethesymmetryoperatorsarenotcommutative. Theformoftheeigenfunctionsofscale-invariantsystemsisfoundandthenucleusoftheintegralwaveequationisrelatedtotherelevanteigenfunctions. Thereisarelationship betweenthelongitudinalstructureoftheeigenfunctionandthedispersionofthegeneratingsystem;anexplicitformofthisrelationshipisfoundfornearlyhomogeneoussystems. Thenextlogicalstepintheextensionofthetheoryshouldbetheanalysisofwaveexcitationandthesolutionoftheproblem ofwaveinteractioninscale-invariantsystems.Figures4 ;references6 : Russian;2 Western.[255-8225]

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UDC621.372.4STUDYOFOPENRESONATORSWITH RECTANGULARINHOMOGENEITIESINTHEREFLECTORGorkiyIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOFIZIKAinRussian Vol26,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived9Dec81,afterrevision2Nov82)pp4 4 7-4 54BULGAKOV,B.M.,SKRESANOV,V.N.andFISUN,A.I.,InstituteofRadiophysicsandElectronicsoftheUkSSRAcademyofSciences.[Abstract]nopenresonatormade withtworeflectors,oneofwhichisspheri-calwithanenergyoutputcouplingslotandtheotherflat,havingarectangularnotchcutinittoadepth h ,withawidthbandalength 1 ,isstudiedinordertodeterminetheQasafunctionofthenotchdimensions.hesphericalreflec-torhasaradiusofcurvatureof150mm andanapertureof85 mm .heflatreflectorisdesignedsothatthegroovedimensionscanbevariedovera widerange,withthreebasicdifferentcross-sections.heloadedQwasdeterminedbasedonthehalf-widthoftheresonancecurveobservedwithaspectrum analyzerinthe8 m m band,wheretheklystronwasfrequencymodulated withasawtoothwaveform.hethreeconfigurationswere:)nopenresonatorwitharec-tangularnotchofunlimitedlength;2 )Anopenresonatorwithinhomogeneitiesintherectangularnotch;and3 )Anopenresonatorwitharectangularsteppro-jection.oodagreementi snotedbetweenthemeasuredQexpressedasafunctionofthegroovedimensionsintheflatreflectorandthatcalculatedfromthesolutionoftheproblemofH-polarized wavediffractionataplanehavingthesamenotch. Inhomogeneitiesinthenotchexciteanelectromagnetic wavewhichpropagatesalongi t ,sharplyreducingtheresonator Q .iththeappropriateplacementofseveralinhomogeneities,theexcitationofsuch wavescanb eavoidedandtheefficientfunctioningoflocalstructuresinanopenresonatorcan beassured. Intheseresonators,tworesonanceconditionsshouldbemetsimultaneously;thisisaccomplishedbychoosingthespacingbetweenthere-flectorsandtheheightoftheextendedinhomogeneities. Thismakesitpossibletohaveatunableopenresonator withefficientfilteringoflongitudinalmodes.Figures7 ;references: 7 Russian.[255-8225]

UDC621.372.8.029.7INTEGRATEDOPTICS-STATUSANDPROSPECTSFORDEVELOPMENTKievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKA inRussianVol26,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived12Oct8 2 )pp4-9GONCHARENKO,A.M.[Abstract]ntegratedopticsinvolvesthegeneration,propagation,control,transformationanddetectionoflightwavesinthinfilmwaveguides,withthepracticalpurposeofcreatingnewopticaldevicessimilarintheirfunctionalcharacteristicstoelectronicintegratedcircuitsbasedonsemiconductors.hephotonistheinformationcarrierinintegratedoptics,which,incomparison

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withelectroniccircuits,hascertainadvantagessuchashigherspeed,widerbandwidth oftransmissionandmorenoisetolerance.hisarticlediscussesthecurrentstatusofscientificresearchintheareaofintegratedopticsandelementswhich havebeendeveloped.roblemsandprospectsarebrieflynoted.Thepossibilityismentionedofthecreationofmonolithic hybridcircuitsinwhichintegratedopticelementsarecreatedfromvariousmaterialsonasinglesubstrateb yplanartechnologies.tisthoughtthatthereplacementofmuchexistingopticaltechnologyandsomeelectroniccircuitswithintegratedopticaldeviceswillopennewpossibilitiesforscienceandtechnology,particularlyth ecreationofasinglesystemoftelevisioncommunicationsincludingvideotelephone.igures3 ;references3 2 :6Russian,10Western,4intranslation)[264-6508]

UDC621.372.51DESIGNOFSWITCHABLEFILTERSFORWIDEBANDTRANSMITTERSMoscowELEKTROSVYAZ'inRussian N o5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived4 Aug81)pp21-25BAYEVSKIY,V.Yu.andKOZYREV,V.B.[Abstract]seofswitchableratherthantunablefiltersforsuppressionofhigherharmonicsintheloadofwidebandtransmitterseliminatestheneedformanualorautomatic matchedadjustmentofmulticomponentresonancecircuits.Theoutputcapacitanceofelectrondevicescanbeassumednottolimitthebandwidth ofsuchfilters.hisappliesto30-60MHztransistoroscillatorsandtotransistoroscillatorswith matchedcompensationinthecollectorcircuitfo roperationatfrequenciesabove60MHz,aswellastotubeoscillatorswithdistributedgainandoutputcapacitanceintheplatecircuit. Inthelattercaseafilterwhichisalsoaplateloadhasthetubeoutputcapacitanceasit sfirstelement. Ellipticallow-passCauerfiltersor"equalripple"Chebyshevpolynomialfiltersarepreferabletobandpassfiltersintermsofsizeandweightminimization. Thenumberoffiltersaswellastheirfrequency-spanratioanduppercutofffrequenciesaredeterminedbythetransmitterfrequency-spanratio.hesubsequentdesignprocedureinvolvessynthesisofanequiva-lentdrivinglow-frequencyoscillatorwithattenuation characteristicsandinternalresistancecorrespondingtothelimitingperformancecharacteristicsofthehigh-frequencyoscillator. Elementsofthefiltercircuitandthenumberoffiltersectionsareselectedaccordingtostandardprocedure,withuseofnormalizedfrequencyandlosstables.heperformanceofth eprototypeiscalculatedandthedesignisthenrefined,mostexpedientlyonacomputer.Typicalnumericalcalculationsfo raseventh-orderlow-passCauerfilterindi-catethatmaximumcurrent(voltage)as wellasmaximumreactiveenergyandpowerlossininductiveandcapacitiveelementsoccurnearthefiltercutofffrequencyandcandifferappreciablyfrom oneelementtoanother.hesereactiveelementsmustbeselectedonthisbasisandsothattheirQ-factorwillbemaximumatthefiltercutofffrequency. Itisnotnecessarytotunesuchafilterinthe

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caseofsmallpowerlevelfluctuations,buttheoutputsignalfrequencymustnotexceedthefiltercutofffrequencylestthehigh-frequencyoscillatorceasetooperateproperlyandfiltercoilsorcapacitorsoverheatandbreakdown.Figures3 ;tables2 ;references11:9Russian,2 Western(bothintranslation).[258-2415]UDC621.372.54.029.6

ACTIVEMICROWAVEFILTERSONBASISOFTRANSISTOR-TYPEIMMITANCETRANSFORMERMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA I ELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol2 8 ,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived22Jan 8 0 ,aftercorrection21Dec81)pp817-833FILINYUK,N.A.[Abstract]hemainadvantagesofactivemicrowavefiltersarealosslesspass-bandandaQ-factor(relativebandwidth),independentofthegeometricaldimen-sions. Onebasicversionofsuchfiltersincludesasemiconductordevice(diodeortransistor)withnegativedynamicresistance,insertedintoapassivecircuit. TheproblemhereisthattunneldiodeshavealowsaturationlevelandIMPATTdiodeshaveahighnoiselevel,whiletransistorshavealimitedfrequencyrange. Theother,preferable,basicversionisageneralizedimmitancetransformerusingtransistorsandnotrequiringinductivecomponents.heper-formanceofmicrowaveimmitancetransformersi sanalyzedonthebasisofphysi-calprocessessuchasmotionofchargecarriersandtheirspacetimekinetics,aswellasth eresultingcurrent-voltageandimpedance-frequencycharacteristics.ImmitancetransformationisdescribedintermsofequivalentRLCnetworksandanappropriatecommon-emitterorcommon-basetransistorcircuit.itherbi-polarorfield-effecttransistorsaresuitableforthisapplication.hedesignofband-passandband-stopfilterscanbeoptimized,withtheaidoftesting,fortheiramplitude-frequencycharacteristictosuitspecificrequirements,fo rtemperaturestabilityoftheirpower-dependentparametersbymeansofpassiveelements,foranoisefactor(whichishigherthaninpassivefilters),andforstabilitymarginbymeansofalargequivalent-generatorconductanceorbytrans-formercircuitselection.oisefactorandsensitivityareevaluatedbystandardmethods,sothattheformerthendecreasedandthelatterincreasedbyproperchoiceofcomponents. Tuningofanactivefilterwithoutlossofstabilityispossiblebycontrollingit squasi-resonancefrequency,theattenuationcoeffi-cientatthatfrequency,theabsolutebandwidth,orrelativebandwidth(Q-factor)withacontrolsignal,whilechangingtheotherfixedfilterparametersmini-mallyorasmuchasispermissible. Immitancetransformerscan bestagedfo rincreasingthebandwidth. Transistorssuchas2N3866orKT3101/371/913havebeenusedinsingle-stageandtwo-stageimmitancetransformersforreciprocalandnonreciprocalactivefilters. Band-passfiltersofthiskindcan,inturn,beusedformicrowavedelaylines,losslessonesorwithsignalamplification.Figures9 ;references40:0Russian,20Western( 4intranslation)[261-2415]

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UDC621.373.12NONLINEAR ANALYSISOFPHASE-SHIFT(C-PARALLEL)RC-OSCILLATORSANDOSCILLATORWITH DISTRIBUTEDRC-NETWORKMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived8Apr8 1 )pp948-954VOROB'YEV,A.M.andYELISEYEV,V.O.[Abstract]hase-shiftoscillatorsareanalyzedrigorouslyonthebasisofanonlineartheory. Thecorrespondingnonlinearpartialdifferentialequationsaresolvedfo rthesteadystatewith asmallself-excitationmargin,withoutrestrictiononthenonlinearityoftheactiveelement.hesystemofequationsisformulatedfirstforanoscillatorwiththreeRC-stagesandthenforonewithn RC-stages.hesolutioni ssoughtintheformofanintegral-powerseriesinthesquarerootofthesmallPoincare-Rayleigh-Lyapunovparameter.heperform-anceparameters,namelyoutputvoltageandripplefactorsaswellasamplitudeofthethirdharmonic,arecalculatedafterexplicationoftheindeterminacyandsubsequentpermissiblesimplifications. TheresultsareextendedtothelimitingcaseofanoscillatorwithadistributedphaseshiftingRC-network.Resultsofapproximatenumericalsolutionhavebeen verifiedexperimentallywithanoscillatorcontainingaK140UD1Boperationalamplifierasactiveelement,twoKP103Mfield-effecttransistorsontheinputsideprovidingahighinputimpedance,and3-10RC-stagesoradistributedRC-network ontheoutputsidefo rphaseshifting.heripplefactorincreasesconsistentlywithincreasingnumberofRC-stages. Figures2 ;tables2 ;references: 8Russian.[261-2415]

UDC621.375.026SYNTHESISOFREGENERATIVEMICROWAVE POWERAMPLIFIERSMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived6 Apr8 1 )pp943-947BUGAYEV,A.V.,IZHKO,N.S.andRAWA,D.P.[Abstract] Bothreflection-type andtransmission-type regenerativenonlinearmicrowavepoweramplifiersaresynthesizedforgivenamplitude-frequencycharac-teristics. Theregenerativeelementconsistsofafrequency-independentampli-tude-dependentnegativeconductanceg(dg/dA

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UDC621.391.019.4DIGITALCOMPUTERMODELINGOFCOMBINEDDETECTION ANDFILTERINGCIRCUITSMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKAinRussianN o5 ,May83(manuscriptreceivedaftercomple-tion10D ec82)pp51-53YENDOVITSKAYA,L.G.[Abstract] signalismodeled withaconditionalPoissonfieldintermsofthePoissonfieldintensityandaMarkovprocess. recurrence algorithmforthecombineddetectionandfilteringofrandomPoissonfieldsisconstructedwhichpermitstheanalysisofsuchcombineddetectionandfilteringsystemsondigitalcomputers.heanalysisusestheexampleofaPoissonfieldtypicaloftheproblemencounteredinth edetectionofanopticalsignalpropagatinginaturbulentatmosphere. Therecurrencealgorithmforthei-thstepi sgivenalongwithanalyticalexpressionsforthefalsealarmanddetectionprobabilities.EstimatesoftheintensityofaPoissonsignalfieldareshowngraphicallyforadisplacementofthepositionofthesignalintensitymaximumrelativetotheobservationpointby1 ,4and6cmforaratioofthemaximumintensityofthePoissonsignalfieldtothenoisefieldof2andarandomprocesscorrelationtimeof10-5sec.heerrorprobabilities( Perr=U / 2 ) [ Pfalsealarm+Pdetectlwere0.09,0.099and0.113respectively. Figures3 ;references4 : 3Russian,1 Westernintranslation.[254-8225]

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COMMUNICATIONS

UDC: 535.853ONEALGORITHMFOR ESTIMATINGSPECTRALDENSITYPARAMETERSOFRANDOMSIGNALNovocherkasskIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: ELEKTROMEKHANIKA inRussianNo3 ,Mar83(manuscriptreceived16Apr81 ;aftercompletion 1Sep81)pp118-120ZOTOV,MIKHAILGRIGOR'YEVICH,doctoroftechnicalsciences,MoscowInstituteofElectrical MachineBuilding[Abstract]nalgorithmispresentedforestimatingtheparametersofspectraldensityofarandomsignal,assumingthatthespectraldensityisdescribedbyafractionallyrationalexpression.ftersometimeofobservationoftheran-domsignal,thecoefficientsofthefractionallyrationalfunctionmustbeesti-mated. newandlesscumbersomealgorithmforparameterestimationi spresentedinthisarticle,byselectingthefractionallyrationalfunctionsothattheintegrandintheequationforestimationalwayshasanumerator,thepowerofwhichisatleasttwolessthanthepowerofthedenominator. Themaindifferenceofthisalgorithmfromthatpresentedinanearlierworkisthattheparametersaredeterminedwithouttherequirementofsolvinganonlinearequationsystem,greatlysimplifyingtheidentification algorithm.eferences: 4 Russian.[239-6508]

UDC537.86:519+621.391.82MATHEMATICALMODELSOFPULSEDNOISEKievIZVESTIYA VYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKCRONIKAinRussianVol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived1 Jul8 2 )pp68-73PROTSENKO,L.D.[Abstract]ulsednoiseinfluencesthereceptionofsignals,in manysystems.Known pulsednoisemodelsincludethe Hallmodel pluscertainothersin whichthedistributionisvariedforamorepreciseapproximationofexperimentaldis-tributionsofpulsednoiseamplitudeandlength,plusasecondgroupofpulsednoisemodelsinwhichthespectraldensityisconstantinthereceptionband.Thesemodelsunsatisfactorilyanalyzethemethodofanalysisoftheresponseoflinearandnonlinearsystemstotheireffects.hisworksuggeststhatnonlinearpulsedrandomprocessesandlinearsummaryrandomprocessesbaseduponrandomprocesseswithindependentincrementsbeusedassuchmodels. Thepractical

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significanceofthepulsednoisemodelssuggestedisprimarilythattheirfullprobabilisticdescriptioncreatesthenecessaryfoundationforthedevelopmentofoptimalmethodsofdetectionofsignalsagainsttheirbackground,aswellasforevaluationofthenoisestabilityofthecommunicationsorradarsystemoperatingwith pulsednoisepresent.hesemodelscanb e usedtosolveappliedproblemsofpulsednoisetransformationinnonlinearsystems.eferences9 :8 Russian,1 Western.[237-6508]

UDC621.317.373:519.213PROBABILISTICRADIOSIGNALPHASEMODELSKievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKH.ZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived6Apr8 2 )pp73-79ATAYANTS,B.A.andKARPOV,A.V.[Abstract] studyismadeofanarrow bandnormalrandom radiosignalintheformofthesumoftwocomponents: astable(deterministic)componentandanormallyfluctuatingcomponent,eachwiththedifferentdispersion.hecom-plexityoftheanalyticexpressionsforthedistribution functionandnumericalphasecharacteristicsofanarrowbandnormallyfluctuatingsignalnotonlymakeitdifficulttoapplytheminpractice,butalsotopreventcompleteinves-tigationofthespecificsofthedensity. Equationsarederivedrelatingtheparametersofthedistribution,andanestimateismadeoftherelationshipoftheprobabilisticmodelsbasedonthe KolmogorovAgreementcriteria.hecal-culatedvariationofthecriterionasafunctionofparameter"a"forvariousversionsofthefunctionb=f(a)arepresentedinafigure,whichalsoshowscurvesrepresentingtheaccuracyofapproximationoftheasymptoticvaluesofthesolutionequations. Theresultsofcomputationindicatethatthestatisti-calmodelofthephaseofthefluctuatingradiosignalsuggestedgreatlysim-plifiestheanalyticrecordingofthetheoreticallyroduceddistribution andreproducesitscharacteristicsinfullvolumeandwithhighaccuracy.igures5 ;references: 3 Russian.[237-6508]

UDC621.372.852.1MICROWAVEEQUIPMENTOF'RADAN-2'DIGITALRADIORELAYSYSTEMMoscowELEKTROSVYAZVinRussianNo5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived30 N ov82)pp32-34MARTYNOV,L.M.,PEREGONOV,S.A.andCHERNYY,V.E.[Abstract] Themodernversionofthe"Randan"radiorelaysystemwithIKM-15pulse-code-modulationequipmentfeaturesatransmissionrateashighas1024kbit/swithacorrespondinglysmallfrequencydeviationofFMsignals.hepostdetectionvideoregeneratorsandtheregeneratorsforautomaticdistortion

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zerosintheoriginalbinarysignalhasbeenfoundtobeconvenientforcon-versationtoareservecodecombination.uchaservicecommunicationsystemiseconomicalandrelativelysimple.igures6 ;tables1 ;references:Russian.[258-2415]UDC621.382.001

STABILITYOFAGUNN DIODEOSCILLATORINLIMITEDSPACECHARGESTORAGEMODEMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKAinRussian No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived22Mar82)pp39-41DOKTOREVICH,M.M.andSHINKARENKO,V.G.[Abstract] TheanalysisofGunnoscillatorstabilityinalimitedspacechargestoragemode usuallyreducestodetermination oftheconditionsforstabilityofthehomogeneousfielddistributioninthediode.hispaperconsidersthismode,takingintoaccounttheconditionsbothinthemicrowavecircuitryandthepowersupply.nincreaseintheinternalresistanceofth epowersupply(whichcanultimatelybeacurrentgenerator)leadstoasubstantialreductioninthestabilityrangeascomparedtotherangewherethechargestoragemodeexists. truncatedequationfortheoscillation amplitudeisobtainedthroughaVan-der-Polsolutionofthegeneratorequationofmotion,fromwhichthestabilityconditionsarederived.henasourcewithasmallinternalresistanceisused,low-frequencyfluctuationsinthediodecurrenthavenosubstantialimpactonthestability.henthisresistancerises,theinterrelatedprocessoftheconversion ofthelow-frequencyfluctuationsupwardtotherangeoftheoscillatingfrequencyandthedownconversion ofthehigh-frequencyfluctuationsintheoscillatorcircuitwhichoccursbecauseofth enonlinearityofthevolt-amperecharacteristic,are.responsibleforthiscurtailedstabilityrange.ordiodeswithalargepositiveslopeofthevolt-amperecharacteristic,therangeofstabilityintheregionofstrongfieldsprovestobelimitedbothatthetopandbottomendsoftherange. Figures3 ;references9 : 5Russian;3Western( 1intranslation).[254-8225]

UDC621.383.826:621.396DESIGNOFFIBEROPTICSDATAACQUISITION NETWORKMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA inRussianN o5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived14D ec82)pp67-71KUTAKHOV,V.P.,KHATIN,G.A.andYAREMCHUK,V.A.[Abstract] Thereplacementofelectricalcommunicationslineswithfiberopticsnecessitatestheuseoftransducersfortheelectricaltoopticalconversionatthestartofthelineandth ebackconversionatitsoutput.herearetwotypes

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ofopticalsensors:)Activewhichgeneratetheopticalsignalasafunctionofthe measuredparameter;and2 )Passivewhichmodulateanexternalopticalsignal. Thispaperstudiesthepossibilityofcreatingadataacquisitionnet-work usingopticallinearaccelerationsensorswhichemploythephenomenonofachangeinthelighttransmittanceoftheopticalfiberwhenitisbent.heconfiguration oftheproposedsensorallowslightfromasourcetocomethroughanopticaldirectionalcouplerintothefiberopticslightguide,whereitisreflectedfromthemirrorendfaceandthenthroughthecouplertothephoto-detector.hefreeendofthelightguideisloadedwithaphysicalweight,whose massalongwiththelengthofthefreeendandtherigidityofthelightguidedeterminetherangeofaccelerationswhichcanbemeasured. dataacquisitionnetwork design.isproposedusingsuchsensorsanditisnotedthattheuseofsuchdirectconversiontransducersallowsformaximumutilizationoftheadvantagesoffiberoptics.hetransmittanceofthesensorisplottedasafunctionoftheaccelerationforvariousweightloadsandindicesofrefrac-tionofthefiberopticscoreandjacket.igures6 :eferences:Western( 1intranslation).[254-8225]

UDC621.391NOISETOLERANCEOFINFORMATIONTRANSMISSIONSYSTEMSUSINGPULSECODEMODULATION(AREVIEW)KievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived27Oct82)pp4-14PILIPCHUK,N.I.[Abstract] Themanyworksontheuseofpulsecodemodulationmethodssuchasadaptivepulsecodemodulation,deltamodulationanddifferentialpulsecodemodulationrevealtwoapproachestocomputationofnoisetolerance: 1 ) Sequen-tialcalculation,i.e.,calculation byparts;and2 )Calculationofthenoisetoleranceofthesystemasa whole. Inthefirstapproachthestatisticalcharacteristicsoftheanalog-digitalconverterwerecalculated,followedbythestatisticalcharacteristicsoftransmissionerrorandfinally,thecharac-teristicsoftheentiresystem,ineachstageutilizingtheresultsfromthepriorcalculations. Inthesecondapproachtheapproximationerrori sfoundconsideringthesetoffactorsintroducingchangestothemessage,includinginformationsourcenoise,noiseinthecommunicationschannel,analog-digitalconversionerrorandtransmission delay. Inthefirstcaseinconstructingasystemmodelsomeidealizationisintroducedbutinstatingtheproblemtheconditionsarepreciselydescribedandso-called"precise"calculationsareperformed. Inthesecondcasethemodelsstudiedareusuallyclosertothoseusedinpractice butanumberofserioussimplifyingassumptionsaremadeinthecalculation,makingcalculationsmoreapproximate.hefirstapproachischaracteristicfortheoreticalwork,thesecondforappliedwork.achapproachhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.hisreviewdescribesworksofthepast10years,thoughitincludessomeearlierworkswhich werefundamentalintheirintroductionofideaswhichwerefurtherdevelopedinlaterworks.References:3Russian.[237-6508]

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UDC621.391DESIGNOFADAPTIVEDIGITALTRANSMISSIONSYSTEMSFORCONTINUOUSMESSAGESBASEDONCOMPRESSEDDATANOISETOLERANCEKievIZVESTIYA VYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKAinRussian Vol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived2 7 Oct8 2 )pp28-33YAVORSKIY,Ye.A.[Abstract] Inmultichanneldigitaltransmissionsystemscarryingcontinuousmessagessuchasinformation.measurement systems,adatacompressionalgorithmisusedwithsingleparameteradaptationreferredtoasanaperturealgorithm.However,thepulse-codemodulationgainisdifficulttocalculatebecauseofthecomplexityofanalysisofthedatacompression algorithm,particularlyinunsteadymessagesandotherfactors. Inthisarticleitisconsideredthatthetransmittedmessagesarecenteredgaussianrandomprocesseswithknowncorrela-tionfunctions. Theunsteadinessofeachmessageisdescribedbythe variationofoneoftheparametersofthecorrelationfunctionwithtime.ssumingabalancedbinarychannelwithout memory,equationsarederivedwhichcanbe usedtoestimatetheparametersoftheoptimaldatacompressionframestructurefromthestandpointofminimummeansignalpower.nexampleispresentedindicatingthattheequationsproducedaresufficientforengineeringdesignofoptimalsystemswithaperturedatacompressionalgorithmsandcomputationoftheproblemoftheexpediencyoftheirapplicationbycomparison with PCM.ables2 ;references5 : 4 Russian,1 Westernintranslation.[237-6508]

UDC621.391OPTIMALCONTROLOFRADIOSIGNALPOWERINCHANNELSWITHFADEOUTANDFLUCTUATIONINTERFERENCEMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAinRussian Vol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived16Apr81)pp906-910SHAROV,A.N.andGROSHIKOV,Ye.N.[Abstract] closed-loopstochasticcontrolfo rthepowerofaradiosignalinachannelwithfadeoutissynthesizedaccordingtotheBellmanoptimalityprin-ciple,assumingthesignaltobemixed withadditivefluctuationinterferenceofquasi-uniformspectraldensity.hecontrol,actingatdiscreteinstantsoftime,ensuresminimizationofaquadraticfunctionalwhichcharacterizesthequalityofsignaltransmissionandthecostofcontrol.healgorithmofthisoptimalcontrolisbasedontreatingthepowerfluctuation approximatelyasaquasi-stationarynormalrandomprocesswithgivenmathematicalexpectationandcorrelationfunctionsothatit sdynamicscanbedescribedbythelineardif-ferentialequationsy(t)=Ay(t)+Cu(t)+Bw(t)( y radiosignal,u determin-S Sisticcontrolsignal,w-normalwhitenoisewithzeromean value,t-time).Thisequationisconvertedtoadiscrete oney(k+l)=0ys( k ) + i j ; u ( k ) + r w ( k ) ,

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k= 0,1,2,.... Thealgorithmisformulatedintermsofarecurrence relationsuitableforadaptivecontrol.nevaluationofitsefficiencyrevealsthatthelatterdependslargelyontheaccuracyoftrackingthediscretizedsignalpro-cess,thequalityofcontroldependslargelyontherateandthedynamicrangeofpowerfluctuation,andthatadaptationhereisafastprocesscompletedwithin3- 8steps.igures3 ;references: Russian.[261-2415]UDC621.391.1

ANALYSISOFTHRESHOLD EFFECTSINRANDOMSIGNALSOURCELOCATIONESTIMATIONKievIZVESTIYA VYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKAinRussian Vol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived12Apr8 2 )pp48-54TRIFONOV,A.P.,FED0R0V,V.l.andSHARAPOV,S.I.[Abstract] Earlierworkshaveestimatedthelocationofthesourceofarandomsignalbasedonthemethodofmaximumlikelihood.owever,thepracticalvalueofthe methodofmaximumlikelihoodi sgreatlyreducedinthecaseofshortobservationtimesandhighnoiselevels.herefore,theauthorsstudythemaximumlikelihoodestimateofthelocationofthesourceofarandomsignal,consideringthresholdeffects.henarrowbandgaussiansignali sconsideredtobeintheFresnelzoneofthereceivingantenna. Itisassumedthatthemovementofthesourceduringthebriefobservationtimecanbeignored.hedisplacementandscatteringoftheestimateintheareaofanomalouserrorsaredetermined.heequationsderivedcanprovideawell-foundedselectionofob-servationstimeandantennasizeinordertoeliminateanomalouserrorsandcausethecharacteristicsofthemaximum likelihoodestimatetobesimilartothecharacteristicsofthecorrespondingeffectiveestimate.igures3 ;refer-ences9 : Russian,1 Western.[237-6508]

UDC621.391.1RECEPTION NOISEIMMUNITYOFPULSEWIDTH ANDFREQUENCY-MODULATED PSEUDONOISESIGNALSMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKAinRussian No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived5 Dec82)pp9-14VARAKIN,L.Ye.[Abstract] Pulsewidthmodulationofapseudonoisesignalcompletelyutilizesthetransmitterpower,eliminatesquantizationerrorsandthereisnoneedforadditionalspectrumexpansion. Thesefactorsmakesuchmodulationpreferabletootherdigitaltechniquesforanalogmessages.heonlyfeasibleanalogmeansofpseudonoisesignalmodulationisFMbymeansofconvertingtheanalogmessagetoafrequency-modulatedsignalandthenadditionallymodulatingthiswiththepseudonoisesignal. Thispaperanalyzesreceivingandtransmittingconfigura-tionsforcontinuousmessagesusingpulsewidthandfrequency-modulation,where

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thespectrumisadditionallyexpandedbymeansofphase-keyedpseudonoisesignals. Specificanalyticalexpressionsarederivedforthenoiseimmunityofthesetwoapproachesandthenoiseimmunityisplottedshowingthesignal-to-noiseratio(SNR)atthereceiveroutputasafunctionoftheSNRattheinputforvariousspectrumexpansionfactors. ForFMindices,m,of4and10,FMpseudonoisesignalshaveanadvantageoverpulse-durationmodulatedsignalsof17dBand25dBrespectively,wheretheSNRattheinputiswellabovethethresholdlevel;forathresholdlevelSNR,theadvantagewhen m=4is33dBand whenm=10,is45dB.igures3 ;references10:Russian;3Westernintranslation.[254-8225]

UDC621.391.1PROBABILITYOFERRORIN RECEPTION OFORTHOGONALSIGNALSWITHDISCRETEFREQUENCYMODULATIONINSTRUCTUREDNOISEKievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived13Sep82)pp89-91OBUKHOVICH,R.F.,S0K0L0V,M.A.andCHADOVICH,I.I.[Abstract] 1979workbythesameauthorsstudiedtheinfluenceofstructurednoiseontheprobabilityoferrorofcoherentreceptionofaphase-keyedsignalwithrandom frequencystructure.hisarticlesolvestheproblemforwidelyusedorthogonalsignalswithdiscretefrequencymodulation. ThesignalinquestionisafullM-nary,M-positioncode(where Misthenumberoffrequencies)whichbreaksdowninto M * 1 - setsofMorthogonalsignalseach. InthetimeintervalT=NT(where Tisthelengthofasignalenvelope)onesignalfromsomesetispresented. Selectionofthesignalandthefrequencyofitselementsisconsideredtobeequallyprobable. Thenoisestructureconsistsofacon-tinuoussequenceofelementsofthesamelengthwithindependentanduniformappearance ofthesamefrequencies. Equationsarederiveddescribingtheprobabilityoferrorinreceptionoforthogonaldiscretefrequencymodulatedsignals.heequationsallowineachspecificcaseestimationofthequalityofreceptionandeffectiveselectionofthecorresponding parameters,forex-ampleinanalyzingelectromagneticcompatibility,multiplexingofcommunicationschannelsandothersimilarcases.igures1 ;tables1 ;references:Russian.[237-6508]

UDC621.391.019.4ESTIMATEOFPROBABILITYOFFALSERECEPTION OFWIDEBANDSIGNALSKievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELECTRONIKAinRussian Vol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceivedafterrevision17May82)pp87-89BIKKENIN,R.R.[Abstract] boundaryconditionisderivedfortheprobabilityoferrorduringnoncoherentreceptionwithlinearaccumulationofanoise-likesignal withrela-tivephasekeying. Ifthenoise-likesignalsareformedusingpseudorandom

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sequences,atthetransmittingendanoscillationisgeneratedwhich representsasumofsectorsofharmoniccomponentswithidenticalamplitudesandlengthsbutdifferentinformationphases.tisassumedthatreceptionoftheusefulsignalisperformedagainstabackgroundofstructurednoisecoincidinginfrequencywiththetransmittedoscillations.nordertodecidewhetherornotasignalhasbeentransmitted,anoncoherentdemodulatorisusedwhichdiffersfromknownreceiversinthatitcontainsamultiplierandapseudo-randomsequencegeneratorsimilartoatransmittingstationsgeneratorintendedtoeliminatethepseudorandomkeying.nequationisderivedwhichisquitestrict,requiringnohypothesisofgaussiandistributionnorminimumaprioriinformationonthesignalreceivedoronnoise.igure1 ;references:Russian.[237-6508]

UDC621.391.2OPTIMALRECEPTIONOFPHASE-KEYED PSEUDORANDOMSIGNALMODULATEDATCARRIERFREQUENCYBYINFORMATIVEMESSAGEMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKA IELEKTRONIKAinRussian Vol28,No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived5Jun81)pp1 000-1 003SERDYUKOV,P.N.,NAUM0V,A.V.andGROMAKOV,Yu.A.[Abstract]noptimum receiverissynthesizedforsignalswhich havebeenfre-quency-modulated byacontinuousinformativemessageatthecarrierfrequencyofthelatterandthenphase-keyedaccordingtothelaw ofpseudorandomsequences.Thesynthesisi sbasedonthetheoryofnonlinearfiltration,assumingthatthesignalappearsmixedwithanadditivewhitenoise. Inthecaseofavoicemes-sagethesignalisrepresentedasatwo-componentMarkov process. Thereceiverstructureincludesapseudorandom-sequencegeneratorusingashiftregisterwithfeedback,andtwosetsoftunableoscillatorandcontrolelement: oneinthephase-lookingfrequencycontrolloop,onefo rtrackingthetimedelay.hequalityoffiltrationisdeterminedfromthesolutiontoanonlineardifferentialmatrixequationfortheaposterioridispersion,withnoiseaveragedandvibra-tiondisregarded.hisequation,afterinsertionofadiagonalauxiliarymatrixandnormalizationofthetimecoordinate,wassolvedonacomputerbytheEulermethodforspecificinitialconditionsk..=1fori= jandk0fo ri^ jwiththemodulation(keying)parameterm=2.5.heresultsrevealthatthetransientperiodbecomesshorterwithincreasingsignal-to-noise ratio,filtrationimproveswithincreasingfrequency-modulationindex,andtheaposterioriaccuracyofdelaytimetrackingimproveswithincreasingstabilityoftheclockoscillator.Figures4 ;references: Russian.[261-2415]

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UDC621.391.15COMPUTATIONOFSPECTRAO F RELATEDARBITRARYBCHCODESKievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived27Oct82)pp14-19KORZHIK,V.l.andBORISENKO,N.P.[Abstract] Thetaskofcomputingthespectrumofneighboringclassesofgroupcodeshasbothindependenttheoreticalinterestandgreatpracticalsignificanceincodingtheory.nowledgeofthespectraofrelatedcodesisnecessary,forexample,inordertoevaluatetheprobabilityoferrorsinlistdecoding,in multistationaccesscommunicationssystemsandin manyothercases. ThisarticledemonstratesastatementwhichcanbeusedtocalculatethespectraofneighboringclassesofarbitraryBCHcodesbyfindingthenum-berofsolutionsofalinearsystemofequationsinfinitefieldswhichisderivedinthearticle.hetheorumstatesthatthespectrumofneighboringclassesA( y ) ,f l < 6ofBCHcodesassignedbyatestmatrixcoincideswiththenumberofWdifferentpatternsoferrors e fweight t o definedbysolutionoftheequationsystem. Ingeneral,determinationofthenumberofpatternsoferrorsisacomplextaskrequiringagreatvolumeofcomputation. Itssimpli-ficationrequiresthedevelopmentofatheoryallowingdeterminationofthenumberofdifferentrootsbelongingtothefieldGF( 2m)forpolynomialsassignedinthefieldGF( 2m) .ables2 ;references3 : 2 Russian,1Westernintranslation.[237-6508]

UDC621.391.266EQUIVALENTREPRESENTATIONOFTHEPOSITIONFIXERSFORPULSESIGNALSANDTHEIROPTIMIZATIONKievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived4Oct82)pp41-48KASHINOV,V.V.,andBASEVICH,Ya.S.[Abstract]nalysisandoptimizationoftimeintervalsbetweensignalpulsesisusuallyapplicabletoaspecifictypeofdevicefo rfixingthetimeposi-tionofthepulses,specificsignalandspecificnoise. Extrapolationoftheresultstootheroperatingconditions,particularlyothertypesofpositionfixers,isnotalwayspossible.newell-knownmathematicalapproachrepre-sentsanarbitraryrandomprocessastheresultofpassageofwhitenoisethroughashapingfilter.hecorrespondingoptimalfilterforanarbitraryrandomprocessisrepresentedastheunionofawhitefilterandanoptimalfilterforwhitenoise.nordertocreateaunifiedapproachfo rthede-scription,analysisandsynthesisofvariousfixers,theauthorsutilizeasimilarmathematicalapproach.heyassumethatthepulsetimepositionfixercan berepresentedasanelementaryfixerbeforewhichacertainequivalentfilterisconnected,thetransmission factorofwhichi sdeterminedbythe

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methodoffixation.ithadditivewhitenoise,theoptimalequivalentfilterconnectedfortheelementaryfixerisafiltermatchedwiththearbitraryusefulsignal.epresentationofthefixerintheformofaseriesconnectedequivalentfilterandelementaryfixer,followedbyanoptimizationofitbydeterminingthecharacteristicsofanequivalentfilterforthecaseofwhitenoise,thusleadstoaknownoptimalfixationalgorithminonepossibleimplementation.Furtheranalysisleadstotheconclusionthatanequivalentrepresentationofvariousmethodsoffixationintheformofanelementaryfixerbeforewhich acertainequivalentfilterisconnectedhasindeedbeensuggested.ti sshownthatgenerallywherenoiseisslighttheoptimalfilterisafixerforwhichtheequivalentfilterislinear. commonfeatureofoptimalfixationalgorithmisdeterminationofthemaximumresponseofalinearfilterwhosepeakcharac-teristicisdeterminedbytheformofsignalandnoise plushenatureoftheirinteraction. Tables1 ;references: 10Russian.[237-6508]

UDC621.391.278PICOSECONDRADIOPULSEREFLECTOMETERMoscowRADIOTEKHNIKAinRussianN o5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived20Dec8 2 )pp33-36STRYUKOV,B.A.and MILYAYEV,P.V.[Abstract] Thedesignofahighresolutionradiopulsereflectometerisde-scribedinnonmathematicaltermswithablock diagramofthecircuitryshowingtheconfigurationofthetransmittingandreceiving-wavetubes(TWT's) ,triggeringpulsegenerator,delaylines,triggeredoscilloscopeandtestobject. 2D524chargestoragediodeisusedinthevideopulsegeneratorwhich produces50psecwidthvoltagepulseswithanamplitudeof15to20 V . SeriesproducedTWT'sareused;theyhaveapowergainofabout37dBInthe3cm bandandabandwidthof60percentofthecarrierfrequency. TheoscilloscopeisaS7-13,whichinturndrives.aTDP4-002autorecorder.hereflectometergeneratesapulsewith a3dBlevelwidthof5 1011secforspatialresolutionof7.5 10~3matfrequenciesbetween3and10GHz.hetimepositioninstabilityofthepulseislessthan10psecwith apulsepowerof20W. Thepulserepe-titionratecanvaryinarangeof10to108Hzandthereceiversensitivityisaminimum ofabout10~10W.scilloscopetracesareshownfo rthevoltageattheoutputofthestepfunctionvoltagegeneratorandthetransmittingTWT,aswellasthereturnsignalfromatestobjectasafunctionoftime.hemaximumoutputpulsepowerisachievedwhenastepvoltageofabout2 Vwithawidthofabout100psecor0.7Vwithawidthof50psecisfedtotheinputofthetransmittingTWT. Thereflectometer makesitpossibletostudy variousinhomo-geneitiesinmicrowavechannelsdirectlyinthetimedomain.igures5 ;tables1 ;references6 : 1 Russian;5 Western( 1intranslation).[254-8225]TheauthorsthankV .M.Sayfert,L.Yu.Astanin,A.A .Kostylev,and A .A.Marentsfo rsupportandvaluableadvise;Yu.I .PopovandV .I .Kelinforassistanceinthe workunderway.

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UDC621.394.614UNIFIEDKEYBOARDFOR ELECTRONICTELEGRAPHSETOPERATINGWITHFIVE-ELEMENTCODEMoscowELEKTROSVYAZ'inRussianNo5 ,May83manuscriptreceived14Dec8 1 )pp60-63KORDOBOVSKIY,A.I.,SAKHARCHUK,S.I.andYURCHENKO,A.A.[Abstract] keyboardfo rtypewritersandelectronictelegraphsetshasbeenlaidoutwithfourgroupsofswitches,withth epossibilityofautomaticratherthansemiautomaticinputofcasecombinations,andwith.the possibilityofre-codingtheshiftofkeysfromRussianlettersintheGovernmentSTandard14873-79arrangementtotheirLatintransliterationsintheQWERTYarrangement.hespacerbarandthekeysfor"carriagereturn,""linetransfer,"andfordigits0-9remainthesame.he"+"symbolhasaseparatekey,punctuationandothermathematicalaswellasspecialsymbolsarearrangedaccordingtoGovernmentSTandard6431-75. ThekeyboardthusunifiedfacilitatesoperationwithtextsintheLatinalphabetandtransitionfromonealphabettotheother,italsocontributestoahigherproductivityoftelegraphistsandtypistswhileprovidingatoolforastandardlearningprocess. Figures3 ;references7 : 6 Russian,1Western.[258-2415]

UDC:621.396EFFECTIVENESSOFSUCCESSIVESEARCHFORA SIGNALINCHARACTER PROCESSINGOFARECEIVEDVOLTAGEKievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY: RADIOELEKTRONIKAinRussianVol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived19Jul82)pp80-82OZERSKIY,Yu.P .[Abstract] Insomepulsecommunicationssystemsitisnecessarytoseekaperiodicsignalinnoise. IfthesignallengthisTs,itsrepetitionperiodT ,thetaskofseekingthesignalbasedonth edelayovertimeintervalTS

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UDC:621.396SEARCHFORASIGNALBYFREQUENCYWITHHIGHSIGNAL-TO-NOISERATIOKievIZVESTIYAVYSSHIKHUCHEBNYKHZAVEDENIY:ADIOELETRONIKAinRussianVol2 6 ,No4 ,Apr83(manuscriptreceived27Oct8 2 ) . pp82-84REVENOK,D.A.[Abstract]nmanyelectronicsproblemsitisnecessarytoseekasignal.nthiswork,searchforoneharmonicsignalwithunknownfrequencyusingasearchdevicei sstudied.hesignalfrequencybelongstoanareaofuncertaintyAF,theaccuracywithwhichthesearchmustbeperformedbeingdefinedbyAf .e-tectionofasignalwithan unknownfrequencyisperformedbytheimplementationoftheenvelopeoftheobservedprocess,representingeitheranormalsteadynarrowbandnoisewithzeromeanorthesumofthisnoisepluseadeterministicnarrowbandsignal. Itisassumedthattheobservationtimeofoneorseveralpositionsisgreater.than1/A,whereAisthebandwidthofthedetectoramplifier.Analgorithmisderivedforseekingastrongsignalwhichmakespossibleasig-nificantreductioninthesearchtime withoutreducingtheprobabilityofproperdetection.eferences: Russian.[237-6508]

UDC621.396.43:621.43:621.3.019.8METHODOFOPTIMIZINGDESIGNOFLINE-OF-SIGHTRADIORELAYLINESMoscowELEKTROSVYAZ'inRussian No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived28Nov 8 2 )pp45-48RAKOV,A.I.andASHIROV,V.K.[Abstract] Theproblemofoptimizingthedesignofline-of-sightradiorelaylinesisreformulated,followingthelatestCCIRrecommendations,asamulti-criterialproblemofstructural-parametricsynthesisonthebasisofastochas-ticmodelwithsix vectors:)ectorXofuncontrollablefactors(geography,climate,traffie);2 ) VectorUofcontrollablefactors(equipmentdesign,powersupply,antennatype);3 )ectorEofelectricalchannelcharacteristicsotherthansignal-to-noiseratio;4 )VectorRofdatatransmissionreliability;5 )VectorCofcosts;and6 )ectorS ofsignalstabilityonintervals.heproblemistoachievebothperformancecharacteristicsanddeviseadesignprocedure,eachnotworsethanprescribedoroptimuminsomesense. Constraintsaregenerallyimposedon vectors R ,C ,Uanditisnotexpedienttousethesevectorsasoptimalitycriteria. Instead,thepareto-optimumsequence ( 0 * ( X , U )ofdesignvariantsinthespaceofgivenX andpermissibleUissoughtwhichcorrespondstopreferablevaluesofcriteriaQ*(R,C,)( Q *beingthecomplementofQ*tothefullse tofcriteriaQ=Q*UQ'). OnedesignvariantisselectedaccordingtoanarbitraryrulesuchasC= Cmin.eliabilityisstipulatedintermsofthedown-timefactorratherthantheavailability. Stabilityisstipu-latedinterms.ofthefractionoftotaltimeinwhichchannelnoiseexceedsthepermissiblelevelduringthe monthoftheyearwithbestfadeoutchacteristics.

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Theprocedurefo rsolvingtheproblemconsistsoffivesteps: 1 )Selectionofequipment;2 )Preliminaryselectionofroutesonsmall-scaletopographicmaps;3 )Tabulationofpossible variantsofhigh-frequencycomponentsandpowersup-pliesforeachstation;4 )Searchforpareto-optimumsolutionswithdiscretevariables(variantsdifferingwithrespecttolayoutoramountofstandbyequip-ment);and5 )CheckoutforcompliancewithotherCCIR393-3and395-2require-ments. simplifiedversionofthisprocedure,isplanned,witharadiorelayline100kmlongwith 3stationsandwithspatialstaggeringofreceiversforhigherreliability.healgorithmofsearchfo rthepareto-optimumse tofsolu-tionsisbasedondynamicprogramming,invariantwithrespecttothenumberofcriteria,andhasbeenprogrammedforaYeS-1022 UnifiedSystem computer.heauthorsthankN.N.Kamenskiy,L.V.NadenenkoandA.N.Smantserforcriticalcomments. Tables2 ;references5:3Russian,2Western.[258-2415]

UDC621.396.61:621.372.2/6 MATCHINGDEVICEFORVHF-BANDRADIOTRANSMITTERMoscow ELEKTROSVYAZ'inRussian No5 ,May83(manuscriptreceived24Dec8 2 )pp25-27GOLOMBEK,I.I.andKOPYLEV,B.V.[Abstract] Anewtypeofmatchingdevicefo rVHG-bandradiotransmittersisproposed,in whichasimple-to-constructVTWRtransducerandtransmissionlineofcontrollableelectricallengthreplacethedifficult-to-construct phasedis-criminatorandimpedancetransducer.hesequenceofstepsintuningsuchadeviceisfirsttoadjustitsreactanceforadefinitetraveling-waveratiointheline,usuallythesameeachtime,andthentovarytheelectricallengthofthelineuntilit sinputimpedancebecomespurelyresistive.hisalgorithmiscompatiblewiththetypesofloadofarealVHF-bandradiotransmitter.hemostexpedientform ofvariablereactorisadiscretebankofswitchablecapaci-torsinsizeswhichfollowageometricprogressionwithratio2 . logicmoduleforselectingthe.combinationofcapacitorsmayconsistofaKipposcillator(monostablemultivibrator)withtriggerandrelayforeachcapacitor,th eKipposcillatorsconnectedinseriesthroughNAND-gatesandeachrelaytriggers e p a t ratedfromit sKipposcillatorbyaNAND-gate. TheNAND-gatesbetweenKipposcillatorshavetheirsingleinputleadstiedtoget