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Onliner Intensive SBMPTN , Friday, 6 June

2014 (English) by Agustini

Choose the best answer!

Text 1 for no. 1 5

New research from Ume and Uppsalauniversities has found high rates of sleep apnea inwomen, despite the condition usually beingregarded as a disorder predominantly of males.The study, published online ahead of print August16 in the European Respiratory Journal, alsosuggested that women with hypertension and/orobesity were more likely to experience sleepapnea.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition inwhich there are frequent pauses in breathingduring sleep. The incidence of the conditionincreases with age and it is considered moreprevalent in men than in women. In this new

study, researchers from Uppsala and UmeUniversity in Sweden aimed to investigate thefrequency and risk factors of sleep apnea inwomen.

The study analyzed 400 women from arandom sample of 10,000 women aged 20-70years. The participants answered a questionnaireand underwent a sleep examination.

The results found that obstructive sleepapnea was present in 50% of women aged 20-70years. The researchers also found links betweenage, obesity and hypertension: 80% of women

with hypertension and 84% of obese womensuffered from sleep apnea.Additionally, severe sleep apnea was present in31% of obese women aged 55-70 years old.

Lead author Dr Karl Franklin said: "Wewere very surprised to find such a high occurrenceof sleep apnea in women, as it is traditionallythought of as a male disorder. These findingssuggest that clinicians should be particularlyaware of the association between sleep apnea andobesity and hypertension, in order to identifypatients who could also be suffering from the

sleeping disorder.

1. Which of the following best states the topicof this text?A. The obstructive sleep apneaB. High rates of sleep apnea in womenC. The risk factors of sleep apnea in

womenD. The study of 400 women underwent a

sleep examinationE. The association between sleep apnea,

obesity and hypertension

2. The main idea of this text is that A. Women with hypertension and/or

obesity were more likely to experiencesleep apnea

B. The results found that obstructive sleepapnea was present in 50% of womenaged 20-70 years

C. Obstructive sleep apnea is a conditionin which there are frequent pauses in

breathing during sleepD.

New research from Ume and Uppsalauniversities has found high rates ofsleep apnea in women

E. The incidence of the condition increaseswith age and it is considered moreprevalent in men than in women

3. Implied in the text that the earlier study ofthe obstructive sleep apnea found A. The men is considered more prevalent

than women

B.

Obstructive sleep apnea was present in50% of women aged 20-70 years

C. Severe sleep apnea was present in 31%of obese women aged 55-70 years old

D. Women with hypertension and/orobesity were more likely to experiencesleep apnea

E. 80% of women with hypertension and84% of obese women suffered fromsleep apnea

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4. The following is mentioned in the text aboutsleep apnea in women, EXCEPTthat A. The researchers found links between

age, obesity and hypertensionB. Severe sleep apnea was present in 31%

of obese women aged 55-70 years oldC. Women with hypertension and/or

obesity were more likely to experiencesleep apnea

D.

The study aimed to investigate thefrequency and risk factors of sleep apneain women

E. The study analyzed 400 women fromwhole population of 10,000 women aged20-70 years

5. Which of the following is not stated in thetext?A. The study particularly analyzed women

B.

The sample of study were takenrandomlyC. The research has been conducted in

SwedenD. The condition of sleep apnea usually

being as a disorder predominantly offemales

E. Women with obesity suffered fromsleep apnea more than women withhypertension

Text 2 for no. 6 10

Researchers at MIT, the Broad Institute andRockefeller University have developed a newtechnique for precisely altering the genomes ofliving cells by adding or deleting genes. Theresearchers say the technology could offer aneasy-to-use, less-expensive way to engineerorganisms that produce biofuels; to design animalmodels to study human disease; and to developnew therapies, among other potential applications.To create their new genome-editing technique, theresearchers modified a set of bacterial proteins

that normally defend against viral invaders. Usingthis system, scientists can alter several genomesites simultaneously and can achieve much greatercontrol over where new genes are inserted, saysFeng Zhang, an assistant professor of brain andcognitive sciences at MIT and leader of theresearch team.

"Anything that requires engineering of anorganism to put in new genes or to modify what'sin the genome will be able to benefit from this,"says Zhang, who is a core member of the Broad

Institute and MIT's McGovern Institute for BrainResearch.

Zhang and his colleagues describe the newtechnique in the Jan. 3 online edition of Science.Lead authors of the paper are graduate students LeCong and Ann Ran.

6. The main topic of this text is A. Adding or deleting genes

B.

A set of bacterial proteinsC. A developing a new techniqueD. A new genome editing techniqueE. Altering the genomes of living cells

7. What can be inferred from the text above?A. The technology is easy and cheapB. The researchers create a set of bacterial

proteinsC. Using the system, scientists can alter

several genomes

D.

The method needs animal model tostudy human diseasesE. The new method of altering the

genomes of living cells has severalbenefits

8. The following is mentioned in the text aboutthe new method, EXCEPT,A. The research has been done at the MITB. The new technique needs more researchC. The new method is the result of the

college students research

D.

The technology useful for engineerorganism that produce biofuels

E. The leader of the research team is anassistant professor of brain and cognitivesciences at MIT

9. "Anything that requires engineering of anorganism to put in new genes or to modifywhat's in the genome will be able to benefitfrom this,. The word this refers toA. New genesB. MIT research

C.

New genomesD. The new methodE. The engineering organism

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10. The following are the benefits of the newtechnology, EXCEPTA. easy-to-useB. can modify a set of bacterial proteinsC. scientists can alter several genome sites

simultaneouslyD. less-expensive to engineer organisms

that produce biofuelsE. can achieve much greater control over

where new genes are inserted

Choose the best answer!

Text A

Future sea level rise due to the melting ofthe Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets could besubstantially larger than estimated in ClimateChange 2007, the Fourth Assessment Report ofthe IPCC, according to new research from the

University of Bristol. The study, publishedJanuary 6 in Nature Climate Change, is the first ofits kind on ice sheet melting to use structuredexpert elicitation (EE) together with an approachwhich mathematically pools experts' opinions. EEis already used in a number of other scientificfields such as forecasting volcanic eruptions.

The ice sheets covering Antarctica andGreenland contain about 99.5 per cent of Earth'sglacier ice which would raise global sea level bysome 63m if it were to melt completely. The icesheets are the largest potential source of future sea

level rise -- and they also possess the largestuncertainty over their future behavior. Theypresent some unique challenges for predictingtheir future response using numerical modelingand, as a consequence, alternative approacheshave been explored.

Text B

Anthropogenic climate change leads tomelting glaciers and rising sea level. Between1902 and 2009, melting glaciers contributed 11

cm to sea level rise. They were therefore the mostimportant cause of sea level rise. This is the resultof a new assessment by scientists of theUniversity of Innsbruck. They numericallymodeled the changes of each of the worlds300,000 glaciers. Until 2100, glaciers could leadto an additional 22 cm of sea level rise. Since1900 the global sea level has risen byapproximately 20 cm. Melting glaciers are one ofthe causes along with warming and therebyexpanding sea water, melting Greenland and

Antarctic ice sheets, and changing terrestrial waterstorage in dammed lakes and groundwaterreservoirs. A team of scientists at the Universityof Innsbruck has now assessed the contribution ofmelting glaciers to sea level rise during the 20thcentury. They numerically modeled each of theworlds roughly 300,000 glaciers and usedthousands of on-site measurements to validate themodel results.

These calculations show that between 1902and 2009, glaciers contributed about 11 cm to sealevel rise, says Dr. Ben Marzeion from theInstitute for Meteorology and Geophysics. Thismeans they were the most important cause of sealevel change. Surprisingly, melt rates were moreor less constant over time: While temperaturesduring the first decades of the 20th century wereconsiderably lower, glaciers were larger andextended into lower and thus warmer areas.Additionally, brief but strong warm episodes in

the Arctic led to strong glacier retreat in the Arcticin the 1930s and 1950s.

11. Which of the following best states the topicof the two texts above?A. The sea level riseB. The melting glaciersC. The study of melting glaciersD. The contribution of melting glaciersE. The melting of the Greenland and

Antarctic ice sheets

12. The main idea of the two text is A. The melting glaciers cause the sea level

riseB. Future sea level rise due to

Anthropogenic climate changeC. The ice sheets are the largest potential

source of future sea level riseD. Between 1902 and 2009, melting

glaciers contributed 11 cm to sea levelrise

E. Strong warm episodes in the Arctic led

to strong glacier retreat in the Arctic inthe 1930s and 1950s.

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13. Which of the following ideas reflectsopinion mentioned in the two texts?A. The melting glaciers are the most

important cause of sea level rise.B. Until 2100, glaciers could lead to an

additional 22 cm of sea level rise.C. Between 1902 and 2009, melting

glaciers contributed 11 cm to sea levelrise.

D.

This is the result of a new assessmentby scientists of the University ofInnsbruck.

E. EE is already used in a number of otherscientific fields such as forecastingvolcanic eruptions.

14. This means theywere the most importantcause of sea level change. The word theyrefer toA. The calculations

B.

team of scientistsC.

Antarctic ice sheetsD. The melting glaciersE. dammed lakes and groundwater

reservoirs

15. What the results of the studies mentioned inthe two texts DO NOT concludes is thatA. Melting glaciers are the only causes of

sea level riseB. The most important cause of sea level

rise is melting glaciers

C.

The ice sheets are the largest potentialsource of future sea level rise

D. Anthropogenic climate change leads tomelting glaciers and rising sea level

E. The sea level would raise globally if theice sheets covering Antarctica andGreenland melt completely

16. Based on the information in the two textsabove, it CANNOT be inferred thatA. The studies are held in different

universities

B.

The studies have similar results aboutsea level rise

C. The studies are all about the causes ofthe sea level rise

D. The studies have been conducted by thesame researchers

E. The scientists of the studies areconcerned about the results of thestudies

17. The difference of the two texts in presentingthe focus is that text A emphasizes on.A. The methods used on the studies and

text B emphasizes on the approachesused by scientists

B. The results of the studies done byscientists and text B emphasizes on theduration of the studies

C. The results of the studies done by

scientists and text B emphasizes on theapproaches used by them

D. The way how scientists do theresearches and text B emphasizes onthe following researches should be done

E. The approaches that used by scientiststo predict the possibility of sea levelrise and text B emphasizes on theresults of the studies

18. It can be inferred from the two texts that

A.

EE is the best method to calculate theamount of melting glaciersB. The ice sheets covering Antarctica and

Greenland will melt completelyC. Warm episodes in the Arctic led to

strong glacier retreat in the Arctic in the1930s and 1950s

D. The melting of the Greenland andAntarctic ice sheets is the main cause ofthe sea level rise in the future

E. The results of the studies surprised thescientists from the Institute for

Meteorology and Geophysics

19. In organizing ideas in the text B the writerA. Arrange the steps of the researchesB. Explain the process how the sea level

rise happenedC. Mention the methods of the researches

done by scientistsD. Explain the effect of melting glaciers

toward sea level riseE. Inform the procedures taken by

researchers in studying the case

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20. The following are mentioned in the twotexts, EXCEPTA. The use of numerical modelingB. The methods of sea level rise

calculationC. The melting of the Greenland and

Antarctic ice sheetsD. The contribution of temperatures rise

toward the melting glaciers

E.

The researches have involved thescientists from certain universities