5.2. Glukoneogenesis Dan Metabolisme Glikogen

7/24/2019 5.2. Glukoneogenesis Dan Metabolisme Glikogen

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GLUCONEOGENESIS

Biosynthesis of glucose3 4 carbon noncarbohydrate recursors

En!y"es located in the cytosol

Gluconeogenic organsLiver

Kidney cortex

#atesCatabolism by nervous tissue

Utilization by skeletal muscles


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GLUCONEOGENESIS

SUBS$%&$ES

GLUCOGENIC AMINO ACI!

LAC"A"EGL#CE$OL

%$O%IONA"E


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'%ECU%SO%SGLUCOSE

#ructose ()* + bishoshate

,ihydro-yacetonehoshate

Glyceraldehyde 3 + hoshate

GL.CE%OL

'.%U/&$E

Glycerol 3 + hoshate 'hoshoenolyru0ate

O-aloacetate

&L&NINE

L&C$&$E

Other

a"ino acids

'%O'ION&$E

SUCCIN.L+

Co&


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CO%I C.CLES1ELE$&L 2USCLE LI/E%BLOO,

GLUCOSE

'.%U/&$E

L&C$&$E

GLUCOSE

'.%U/&$E

L&C$&$E

* &$'&$'


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()3 Bishoshoglycerate

3 + 'hoshoglycerate

+ 'hoshoglycerate

Glyceraldehyde 3 + hoshate

'hoshoenolyru0ate

GLUCOSE

,&'


'.%U/&$E

O5&LO&CE$&$E

'E'

'.%U/&$E

L&C$&$E

O&&


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GLUCOSE + &L&NINE C.CLES1ELE$&L 2USCLE LI/E%BLOO,

GLUCOSE

'.%U/&$E

&L&NINE

GLUCOSE

'.%U/&$E

&L&NINE

* &$'&$'

N N

U%E&


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O-aloacetate

Glucose * + hoshate

GLUCOSE

'.%U/&$E

#ructose * + hoshate


'hoshoenolyru0ate

&$'

&$'

&$'

&$'

G$'

&$'

&$'

N&,N&,

(

O

O 3


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B.'&SS %E&C$IONS

'.%U/&$E to 'OS'OENOL'.%U/&$E%#$U&A"E CA$'O(#LA!E

Generates O5&LO&CE$&$E

Mitoc)ondrial matrixA"% * e+endent

'IO"IN * de+endent

&CE$.L Co&* +ositive allosteric activator


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B.'&SS %E&C$IONS

'.%U/&$E to 'OS'OENOL'.%U/&$E%,O!%,OENOL%#$U&A"E

CA$'O(#KINA!E

ecarboxylation and +)os+)orylationCytosol

$eversible

G"% * e+endent


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'E' C&%BO5.1IN&SE

C

C O

C O

O

C

C O

C O

OP

CO

O5&LO&CE$&$E

C O

O

'E'

C&%BO5.1IN&SE

'OS'OENOL'.%U/&$E

PP

G


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B.'&SS %E&C$IONS

#%UC$OSE ()* BIS'OS'&$E to

#%UC$OSE * + 'OS'&$E

#%UC$OSE ()* + BIS'OS'&$&SE

LI&E$

KINE#

!KELE"AL MU!CLE


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B.'&SS %E&C$IONS

GLUCOSE * 'OS'&$E to GLUCOSEGLUCOSE * + 'OS'&$&SE

Irreversible

,ydrolysis

Endo+lasmic reticulum o- t)e liver

Absent in t)e brain and skeletal muscle

$e.uires M/0


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SU22&%. of %E&C$IONS%E&C$&N$S '%O,UC$S

'yru0ate 6 CO6 &$' 6O O-aloacetate 6 &,' 6 'iO-aloacetate 6 G$' 'hoshoenolyru0ate 6 G,'

'hoshoenolyru0ate hoshoglycerate

hoshoglycerate 3 + hoshoglycerate

3 hoshoglycerate 6 &$' ()3 bishoshoglycerate

()3 bishoshoglycerate 6 N&, Glyceraldehyde 3 'O4

Glyceraldehyde 3 'O4 ,ihydro-yacetone 'O4

G3+' 6 ,&' #ructose ()* bishoshate#ructose ()* bishoshate #ructose * hoshate

#ructose * hoshate Glucose * hoshate

Glucose * hoshate GLUCOSE


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O

HOCH2

O

HOCH2

O

O

HOCH2

O

O

HOCH2

O

O

HOCH2

O

O

HOCH2

O

O

HOCH2

O

O

HOCH2

O

HOCH2

O

O

(4/lycosidic bond

7(*8glycosidicbond

GL.COGEN


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GL.COGEN S.N$ESIS

GL.COGENESIS

'hoshorylation of glucose

%e9uires acti0ated glucose

U,' Glucose

U% * Glu +yro+)os+)orylase

GL.COGENIN

112 amino acids

!el-3/lucosylatin/ enzymeGlyco/en +rimer


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GL.COGEN S.N$&SE %eactionGL.COGEN

S.N$&SE

O

O

CO

(4

O

O

O

O O

O

CO

(4

O

O

O

O

CO

(4

O

O

O

O

CO

(4

O

O

O

''

U

O

GL.COGENINGL.COGEN 6 (

GL.COGEN

S.N$&SE

O

O

CO

(4

O

O

O ''

U

O


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GL.COGEN S.N$ESIS

U,' + GLUCOSE

Glucose ( + 'O4

GLUCOSE * 'O4

GLUCOSE

&$'

&,'

U$'

''i

GL.COGEN

7Glucose8n

7Glucose8n 6(

E5O1IN&SE

U,'+Glc '.%O'OS'O%.L&SE

'OS'OGLUCO2U$&SE

GL.COGEN S.N$&SE


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() * glycosidic bond

Branching en!y"e

amylo 456457trans/lycosylase

$ransfers ter"inal residues

* +: residues

B%&NC #or"ation

OOOO

O

O

O O O O

B%&NCING

EN;.2EO(4

O

OOO

OOO

O

O

O

O

OO

O

O

O

O


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GL.COGEN S.N$ESIS

O

O

O

O

O

O

OOOO

O

O

O O O O

O(4

O

OOO

OOO

O

O

O

O

O

O


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GL.COGEN ,EG%&,&$ION

GL.COGENOL.SIS

%)os+)orolysis

$e.uires inor/anic +)os+)ate

45 6* /lycosidic bond

Glucose 4 3 +)os+)ate


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O O

O

CO

(4

O

O

O

O

CO

(4

O

O

O

O

CO

(4

O

O

OO

GL.COGENGL.COGEN + (

GL.COGEN

'OS'O%.L&SE

O

O

CO

(4

O

O

GL.COGEN 'OS'O%.L&SE

''O4


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&"ylo ( *Glucosidase

,EB%&NCING EN;.2E

O(4

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

GLUC&N

$%&NS#E%&SE

O

O

O

O

O

OO

O O

O

O

O

O

O

O

O

GL.COGEN

'OS'O%.L&SE

O

O


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GL.COGENOL.SIS

'OS'O%.L&SE

GLUC&N

$%&NS#E%&SE

()* GLUCOSI,&SE'

'

'

O


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GL#COGEN ME"A'OLI!M

Glycogen brea

S.N$ESISand ,EG%&,&$IONare

%ECI'%OC&LL. %EGUL&$E,>


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5.2. Glukoneogenesis Dan Metabolisme Glikogen

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