11 Sensors Elektrik

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SENSOR ELEKTRIK

K U L I A H 8-9 A rio s uk o 2010

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Jenis-jenis sensor elektrik(berdasarkan prinsip kerja)(1)Sensor magnetik ;

Bekerja dg prinsip magnetis Juga bisa berdasarkan prinsip induksi / kapasitansi

(2)Sensor optik; bekerja dg prinsip optik; pencerminan, pembiasan, pantulan. Terdiri dari 2 komponen; pemancar & penerima

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Jenis sensor elektrik(berdasarkan kegunaan)(1)Sensor keberadaan benda;

Mendeteksi ada/terhalang bendaatau tdk Mendeteksi ukuran benda Mendeteksi kecepatan gerak benda Beri contoh yg lain !

(2)Sensor jenis benda ; Benda logam atau non-logam Benda mengkilap atau tdk Benda berwarna terang atau gelap Beri contoh yg lain !

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Sensor elektrikP ro x im ity s ens o rs

Optical Through-beam

Inductive

Capacitive

Optical Retro-reflective

Reed switch

Symbols

Optical - Diffuse Festo Didactic Training and Consulting

Inductive magneticSensors

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beamTarge t

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beam

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (T hro ug h-bea m )Type : Through-beamTarge t

Transmitter Long sensing distance: up to 30 metres with some devices Will detect all but very transparent materials Must be accurately aligned Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective Target

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (R etro -reflec tive)Type : Retro reflective

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of through-beam type Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets Target should be larger than the reflector Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (D iffus e)Type : Diffuse

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (D iffus e)Type : Diffuse Target

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (D iffus e)Type : Diffuse

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (D iffus e)Type : Diffuse

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (D iffus e)Type : Diffuse

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (D iffus e)Type : Diffuse

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (D iffus e)Type : Diffuse

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

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O ptic a l s ens o rs (D iffus e)Type : Diffuse

T

Transmitter /Receiver

R

Sensing distance: much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface Larger targets result in longer sensing distances Not suitable for dirty environments Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03

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I nduc tive s ens o rs

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I nduc tive s ens o rsHigh frequency magnetic field (300 to 800 kHz) Active surface Resonant circuit coil LED indicator Connection cable

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Targ et

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

ON OFFSensors 17.10.03

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Target

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

ON OFFSensors 17.10.03

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Target

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

ON OFFSensors 17.10.03

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Target

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

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Target

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

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Target

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

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Target

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

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Target

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

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Target

I nduc tive s ens o rs

Sensor

Oscillation Amplitude

Sensor output signal

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I nduc tive s ens o rsWill detect any conductive material Quoted distances are for mild steel Sensor performance can be affected by: Temperature Target material Target dimensions

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R eed s w itc h

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R eed s w itc hGlass Tube filled with nitrogen Reed contacts LED indicator

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R eed s w itc h

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R eed s w itc h

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R eed s w itc h

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R eed s w itc h

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R eed s w itc h

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R eed s w itc h

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R eed s w itc h

24v

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R eed s w itc h

24v

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R eed s w itc hInterference from other magnetic fields must be avoided. If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach. Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts.

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o r

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o rHigh frequency magnetic field

Connection cable

Resonant circuit coil

LED Indicator

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o r

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o r

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o r

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o r

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o r

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o r

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o rInductive principle of operation - but only reacts to magnetic fields Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided. Solid state device - higher switching frequency - 1kHz

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C a pa c itive s ens or

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C a pa c itive s ens orSensor is looking for a change in capacitance in the active fieldElectrostatic field Active surface Active electrode Earth electrode LED indicator Adjusting screw Connection cable

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C a pa c itive s ens or

Target

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C a pa c itive s ens or

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C a pa c itive s ens or

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C a pa c itive s ens or

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C a pa c itive s ens orDetects any material denser than air (as long as there is enough of it) Can be adjusted for sensitivity Can be affected by dusty environments

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C a pa c itive s ens or

Sensor is adjusted so that it does not see the wall of the vessel.

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C a pa c itive s ens or

As the level rises the fluid affects the sensor field.

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C a pa c itive s ens or

Until the sensor switches.

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S ens or s ym bols

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S ens or s ym bols

Inductive Capacitive + 18 to 30 Volts DC. Output Optical Magnetic Ultrasonic Normally open Normally closed

0V

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S ens or s ym bolsCapacitive Sensor with Normally open function + 18 to 30 Volts DC. Output

0V

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S ens or c o nnec tio n

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S ens or c o nnec tio nPNP Type Output is Positive Positive switching24v DC

+

18 to 30 Volts DC

Output

0V 0v

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S ens or c o nnec tio nNPN Type Output switches through to 0v Negative switchingOutput 24v DC

+

18 to 30 Volts DC

0V 0v

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S ens or c o nnec tio n

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S ens or c o nnec tio n

Inductive Capacitive + 18 to 30 Volts DC. Output Optical Magnetic Ultrasonic Normally open Normally closed

0V

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I nduc tive s ens orWill detect any conductive material Quoted distances are for mild steel Sensor performance can be affected by: Temperature Target material Target dimensions. Oscillation Amplitude

Targe t

Sensor

Sensor ON output signal OF F Festo Didactic Training and Consulting Sensors 17.10.03

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C a pa c itive s ens orDetects any material denser than air. (as long as there is enough of it) Can be adjusted for sensitivity Can be affected by dusty environments

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O ptic a l s ens o rsType: Through-beam Long sensing distance : up to 30 metres with some devices Will detect all but very transparent materials Must be accurately aligned

Target

Transmitter

Receiver

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O ptic a l s ens o rsType: Retro-reflective Sensing distance : 1/2 to 1/3 of throughbeam type. Not suitable for reflective or transparent targets Target should be larger than the reflector

T R

Transmitter / Receiver

Reflector (prismatic)

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O ptic a l s ens o rsType : Diffuse Sensing distance : much less than reflex type, actual distance depends on colour and reflective nature of the surface Larger targets result in longer sensing distances Not suitable for dirty environments

T R

Transmitter / Receiver

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R eed s w itc hInterference from other magnetic fields must be avoided. If positioned in mid stroke, switching point will vary depending on direction of approach. Maximum current must be limited to avoid burning of the reed contacts.

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I nduc tive m a g netic s ens o rInductive principle of operation - but only reacts to magnetic fields Interference from other magnetic fields must be avoided Solid state device - higher switching frequency - 1kHz

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