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1 Pertemuan 24 Sistem Operasi Unix Matakuliah: T0316/sistem Operasi Tahun: 2005 Versi/Revisi: 5.
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Transcript of 1 Pertemuan 24 Sistem Operasi Unix Matakuliah: T0316/sistem Operasi Tahun: 2005 Versi/Revisi: 5.
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Pertemuan 24Sistem Operasi Unix
Matakuliah : T0316/sistem Operasi
Tahun : 2005
Versi/Revisi : 5
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Learning Outcomes
Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa
akan mampu :• mendemonstrasikan sistem operasi Linux, dari
manajemen proses, memory, file sampai dengan I/O (C3)
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Outline Materi
• Sejarah Unix• Overview Unix• Shell• Program Utiliti• Proses pada Unix• System Call• System memory dan I/O pada Unix
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LINUX
• Sejarah Unix– Unics– PDP 11 Unix– Portable Unix– Barkeley Unix– Standar Unix– MINIX– LINUX
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Overview of Unix
• UNIX Goals– UNIX is an interactive system designed to
handle multiple processes and multiple users at the same time.
– It was designed by programmers, for programmers, to use in an environment in which the majority of the users are relatively sophisticated and are engaged in software development projects
– Extensive facilities to work together
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Interfaces to UNIX
The layers of a UNIX system.
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UNIX Kernel
Approximate structure of generic UNIX kernel
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Booting UNIX
The sequences of processes used to boot some systems
cp
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SHELL
• Program Login
• Prompt
• Command
• Argument
• Redirect
• Pipe
• Shell Script
• Background process
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Contoh
• cp src dest• head –20 file• ls x.c y.c z.c• sort < in > out• sort < in > temp; head –30 < temp; rm temp• sort < in | head –30• grep ter *.t | sort | head –20 | tail –5 > foo• wc –l < a > B &• sort < x | head &
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Program Utiliti
• Manipulasi file dan direktori
• Filter
• Tool untuk pengembangan program
• Text processing
• Sistem administrator
• dll
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UNIX Utility Programs
A few of the more common UNIX utility programs required by POSIX
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Process pada Unix
• Sistem multiprogramming• Daemonds• Cron daemonds• System fork• Process parent• PID• Pohon process• signal• Group process• UID• Superuser (root)
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System Calls for Process Management
s is an error code
pid is a process ID
residual is the remaining time from the previous alarm
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POSIX Shell
A highly simplified shell
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Implementasi Process
• Process Table (always in memory)– Parameter scheduling– Memory map– Signal– Etc
• User Structure (only in memory when the program is executed)– Machine registers– System call state– File descriptor table– Accounting– Stack kernel
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Handling Memory
• Process A's virtual address space• Physical memory• Process B's virtual address space
Process A Process B
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Sharing Files
Two processes can share a mapped file.
A new file mapped simultaneously into two processes
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Implementation of memory management
• Swapping
Tiga hal yang menyebabkan swapping ke disk
1. Fork
2. BRK (request for memory)
3. Stack increase
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Implementation (2)
Paging in UNIX•Page daemon•Core map information about the contents of page frame
The core map in 4BSD
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Implementation (3)
• Page replacement algorithm Two handed clock – Two pointers– First, it clear the usage bit at the front end, and– Then, check the usage bit at the back hand
• If two hands are kept close together, then only very heavily used pages have their R-bit stay 1 (after being zero-ed by the front hand)