Alat Perancangan Alat Perancangan DasarDasar

Agung W. SetiawanAgung W. Setiawan

Perancangan Sistem Perancangan Sistem BiomedisBiomedis

BrainstormingBrainstorming

5 – 15 orang5 – 15 orang Pemimpin diskusi menyampaikan Pemimpin diskusi menyampaikan

“masalah” dan mengulang aturan “masalah” dan mengulang aturan diskusidiskusi

Setiap orang menyampaikan Setiap orang menyampaikan ide/gagasanide/gagasan

Kesimpulan Kesimpulan Ide Ide Ide baru? Deadlock?Ide baru? Deadlock? Kelemahan: bergantung pada Kelemahan: bergantung pada

kesediaan untuk berbicarakesediaan untuk berbicara

““Grade”Grade” dalam dalam Perancangan? Perancangan? (Peta Konsep)(Peta Konsep)

• 6-3-5 Brainwriting (also known as the 6-3-5 Method, or Method 635) is a group creativity technique used in marketing, advertising,design, writing and product development

• Originally developed by Professor Bernd Rohrbach in 1968.• Based on the concept of Brainstorming, the aim of 6-3-5 Brainwriting

is to generate 108 new ideas in half an hour. • In a similar way to brainstorming, it is not the quality of ideas that

matters but the quantity.• The technique involves 6 participants who sit in a group and are

supervised by a moderator. • Each participant thinks up 3 ideas every 5 minutes. • The ideas are written down on a worksheet and passed on to the

next participant. • The participant reads the ideas and uses them as inspiration for

more ideas. • Participants are encouraged to draw on others' ideas for inspiration,

thus stimulating the creative process. • After 6 rounds in 30 minutes the group has thought up a total of 108

ideas.

6-3-5 Brainwriting

Sumber: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6-3-5_Brainwriting

Each individual writes Each individual writes down three ideasdown three ideas

Tablets are exchanged, Tablets are exchanged, ideas are elaborated, ideas are elaborated,

or new ideas are generatedor new ideas are generated

Five exchanges Five exchanges take placetake placeMethod 635Six

individuals

isolaisolasisitidak sinergi tidak sinergi kelompokkelompok

Berguna Berguna dalam dalam pendekatan pendekatan sistematis sistematis dan banyak dan banyak ide yang ide yang munculmuncul

KekuranganKekurangan::

Model DelphiModel Delphi

Proses pemungutan

suara (polling)

Daftar Daftar masukan masukan diatur dan diatur dan dievaluasi dievaluasi lagilagi

Berguna di situasi Berguna di situasi dimana kondisi kedepan dimana kondisi kedepan menjadi perhatianmenjadi perhatian

Kelemahan: Kelemahan: bergantung pada bergantung pada kecepatan kecepatan tanggapantanggapan

Pendapat Pendapat dikelompokkadikelompokka

n dan n dan dikembalikan dikembalikan

ke paneliske panelis

Ahli Ahli menentukamenentukan titik awaln titik awal

The Delphi method/model is a structured communication technique, originally developed as a systematic, interactive

forecasting method which relies on a panel of experts

Synetics

Masalah Masalah dipresentasikan dipresentasikan ke kelompok ke kelompok kecilkecil

Analogi istilah Analogi istilah diperiksa dan diperiksa dan dihubungkan dihubungkan paksapaksa

Kelompok (tsb) Kelompok (tsb) sudah sudah menguasai menguasai permasalahanpermasalahan

Juga Juga menggunakan menggunakan variasivariasi

Berguna ketika masalah yabg diselesaikan Berguna ketika masalah yabg diselesaikan memiliki sebuah analogi dan kelompok memiliki sebuah analogi dan kelompok bersedia mengeksplorasi pemikiran2 bersedia mengeksplorasi pemikiran2

“baru”/aneh/tidak biasa“baru”/aneh/tidak biasa

Synectics is a problem solving methodology that stimulates thought processes of which the subject may be unaware. This method was developed by George M. Prince and William J.J. Gordon

Studi LiteraturStudi Literatur

Mesin pencari (Mesin pencari (www.google.com, , dll)dll)

www.amazon.com buku buku www.uspto.gov www.uspto.gov paten paten Majalah, Jurnal, dll Majalah, Jurnal, dll

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/

Bagan Proses: Bagan Proses: SimbolSimbolOperasi

Inspeksi

Transportasi

Delay

Penyimpanan

http://vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/King/powerpoint_slide_shows_for_cours.htm

Process ChartProcess ChartS

tep

Op

erat

ion

Tra

nsp

ort

Insp

ect

Del

ayS

tora

ge

Dis

tan

ce(f

eet)

Tim

e(m

in)Description

ofprocess

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

Unload apples from truck

Move to inspection station

Weigh, inspect, sort

Move to storage

Wait until needed

Move to peeler

Apples peeled and cored

Soak in water until needed

Place in conveyor

Move to mixing area

Weigh, inspect, sort

TotalPage 1 0f 3 480

30

5

20

15

360

30

20

190 ft

20 ft

20 ft

50 ft

100 ft

Date: 9-30-00

Analyst: TLR

Location: Graves Mountain

Process: Apple Sauce

http://vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/King/powerpoint_slide_shows_for_cours.htm

Date: OfficeAnalyst: Apply Band Aid

Ste

p

Op

era

tio

n

In

sp

ec

tio

n

Tra

nsp

ort

ati

on

Dela

y

Sto

rag

e

Description of Process

1Obtain Band Aid

2Open Band Aid

3Apply Band Aid

4Inspect Application, go to 5 if needed, else 7

5Remove if necessary

6Go to 2

7Remove trash

8Wait for next customer

August 8,2007 Location: King Process:

Apply Band Aid!!!!!!!!!!

http://vubme.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/King/powerpoint_slide_shows_for_cours.htm

Diagram AlirDiagram Alir

Aktivitas

KeputusanYaYa

TidakTidak

Mulai atau

Selesai

D

Diagram AlirDiagram Alir

Membantu pemahaman proses Membantu pemahaman proses modifikasi atau meningkatkan modifikasi atau meningkatkan produk.produk.

Rentang diagram- dari diagram Rentang diagram- dari diagram proses sederhana sampai kompleks proses sederhana sampai kompleks (kombinasi sinyal, aliran informasi).(kombinasi sinyal, aliran informasi).

Dr. King at the doctorDr. King at the doctor

Flowcharting OverviewFlowcharting Overview

Clinic Flow ChartsClinic Flow Charts

Linear system-Each event must be complete prior to the next beginning

Patient Sign-in

Wait for room(5-10 minutes)

Weight & Medication Check

(1)

Waiting Room(2-20)

Blood Pressure Check

(2)

Wait for room(5-20)

Go to roomWait for MD

(5-20)See MD

(5)

Update Meds, Sign out

(2)

Flowcharts with Decision Flowcharts with Decision PointsPoints

Patient Sign-in Data Needed?Collect weight, BP,

Meds info(1)

MD needed?Waiting room, wait

for MD(5-20)

MD Interaction(5)

Sign out, reschedule

RN Needed?Waiting room, wait

for RN(5-10)

RN interaction(5)

Update Meds(2)

Yes

NoYes

No

Yes

Decisions: Selection Decisions: Selection ChartChart

Choice

Demand # Fountain

Pen

Pencil Chalk Marker

1. Writes on paper + + ? +

2. Won’t stain hands - + + -

3. Damp paper tolerant ? + ? ?

Summary no go go recheck no go

Selection Matrix: “Writes in a damp environment” (School)

Evaluation ChartEvaluation Chart

Commercial airline Ocean Liner

“wish” weight value product value Product

High speed 3 5 15 2 6

Convenience 5 4 20 5 25

Comfort 5 3 15 5 25

Low cost 2 2 4 3 6

Food & Drink 5 1 5 5 25

Total 59 87

Daddy Warbucks goes New York to Rome

Objective Tree: Objective Tree: Why go to Why go to college?college?

Quality Function Quality Function Deployment Diagrams Deployment Diagrams

(QFD)(QFD)