Post on 26-Jan-2017
30/09/2013
1
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Teknologi Nano(Nanotechnology)di bidang Pangan
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Disampaikan pada acara:Food Day Festival (Foodival)
Himpunan Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (Himitepa)Tgl 29 September 2013
AMN Fateta IPB
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Richard Feynman
Pemenang Nobel FisikaRichard Feynman, pada 29 Desember 1959, memberikan Presentasi di Pertemuan Tahunan Americal Physical Society, di Caltech.
• Judul presentasi “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom”
• Pertama kali mengemukakan bahwa karakteristik bahan (material) pada skala nanometer akan memberikan berbagai peluang baru ke masa depan.
• SEJARAH ...
30/09/2013
2
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Ahli Fisika dan penulis :
• Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology (1986
untuk umum, dan
• Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation (a quantitative, physics-based analysis)
untuk spesialist.
• Pertama kali menggunakan dan mempopulerkan istilah Nanotechnology/Nanosystem:
K. Eric Drexler
• SEJARAH ...
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• Teknologi Nano (Nanotechnology) :
• Mencakup disain, karakterisasi, produksi dan aplikasi suatu stuktur (bahan), alat atau sistem pada skala nano.
• Mencakup kegiatan yang sangat luas lebih tepat disebut sebagai teknologi-teknologi nano ('nanotechnologies‘).
• TEKNOLOGI NANO. Apa itu?
30/09/2013
3
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO ?
Berasal dari Yunani; yang artinya “kerdil” kecil
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO ?
Berasal dari Yunani; yang artinya “kerdil” kecil
30/09/2013
4
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO ?
Berasal dari Yunani; yang artinya “kerdil” kecil- 1 nm = 10-9 m
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 104 105 106
1 m =1 mikron 1 cm1 mm1 Å =
1 Angstrom
Skala nano
30/09/2013
5
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
Nanometer
Skala nano
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
Sukrosa :
102 103 104 105 106
30/09/2013
6
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 104 105 106
~ 5000 nm
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106
~ 5000 nm
~8*103 nm
104
30/09/2013
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106
~8*103 nm
104
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106
~8*103 nm
104
10 nm
30/09/2013
8
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106104
10 nm
2 nm diameter molekul DNA (helix)
5 nm diameter molekul insulin
6 nm diameter molekul hemoglobin
10nm ketebalan dinding sel bakteri gram negatif
200nm diameter bakteri terkecil
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106104
10 nm
• Teknologi Susu :– Misel kasein 50-300 nm
– Protein whey 4-6 nm
– Laktosa 0.5 nm
– Gobula lemak 300 nm
30/09/2013
9
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106104
10 nm
• Teknologi Nano tidak merupakan teknologi yang sama sekali BARU
• Hanya..
• Perkembangan peralatan dan instrumentasi telah memungkinkan perkembangan yg BARU
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?
10-1 101 107 108
Nanometer
102 103 105 106104
10 nm
Microscopy: • scanning electron,• transmission electron, and• atomic force microscopy
30/09/2013
10
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Skala Makro Skala Nano
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Sifat-sifat baru (“nano-ness”)ini menciptakan
partikel atau bahan yang unik
(‘baru’)
Skala Makro Skala Nano
Potensi perubahan salah satu (atau lebih) sifat-sifat :
• Optis (warna, transparansi)? atau• Elektrik (konduktivitas)? atau• Fisik (kekerasan,titik leleh, difusifitas) atau• Kimia (reaktivitas, (konstant) laju reaksi)
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
30/09/2013
11
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
A=6*1cm2
A=6 cm2
1 kubusp=l=t=1cm
8 kubus@ p=l=t=0.5cm
A= 6*(0,5*0,5) cm2
A= 1,5 cm2
A= 8 *1,5 cm2
A= 12 cm2
64 kubus@ p=l=t=0.25cm
A= 6*(0,25*0,25) cm2
A= 0,375 cm2
A= 8*8 * 0,375 cm2
A= 24 cm2
Meningkatnya luas permukaan
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 0,5 1 1,5
Sisi kubus (cm)
Lu
as P
erm
uka
an T
OTA
L (
cm2)
A=6*1cm2
A=6 cm2
1 kubusp=l=t=1cm
Meningkatnya luas permukaan
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
30/09/2013
12
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Risiko BARUPotensi BARU
Meningkatkan reaktivitas?
Meningkatkan Toksisitas?
50
Menurunkan dosis toksik? (LD50 <<)?
Mempengaruhi ekosistem permukaan?
Toksisitas baru? Karena rute/transport yg berbeda?
Meningkatnya bioavailabilitas
Dosis efektif lebih kecil
Meningkatnya kemampuan penetrasi
Mempercepat “onset of action”
Meningkatnya luas permukaan
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Risiko BARU
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2007, 7, 3048. Contoh Nano-ness
There is an indication that nanoparticles interact with biological systems like molecules.
30/09/2013
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• Emas :
• Dalam skala makro (bulk gold) berwarna kuning (emas)
Partikel emas (12 nm)
• Dalam skala nano berwarna merah
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Contoh Nano-ness
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• Zink :
• Dalam skala makro (bulk zink) berwarna putih dan opaque;
• Zinc nano : transparan
• Karbon :
• Carbon nanotubes : penghantar listrik
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Contoh Nano-ness
30/09/2013
14
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• Partikel ZnO ukuran makro:• Menahan cahaya UV• Menyebarkan cahaya tampa• Berwarna putih
• Partikel ZnO ukuran nano• Menahan cahaya UV• Tidak menyebarkan cahaya tampak• Transparan
• Application to sunscreen
• TiO2 : Application to sunscreen
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Contoh Nano-ness
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• Silver• Pada skala makro, perak inerrt• Pada kala nano : partikel perak , 1 nm - 100 nm.
• Campuran antara perak dan perak oksida. • Anti bakterial, anti kapang• Aplikasi :
• Refrigerator , AC ( pelapisan nano perak pada permukaan yang dilalui aliran udara).
• Bandage (plester)• Kaos kaki & pakaian dalam
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
Contoh Nano-ness
30/09/2013
15
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
• Silver
Contoh Nano-ness
http://www.theecologist.org/green_green_living/behind_the_label/340403/behind_the_label_nanosilver.html
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://www.sharperimagebest.com/zn021.html
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
• Silver
Contoh Nano-ness
30/09/2013
16
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
• Silver
Contoh Nano-ness
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://www.bluemoongoods.com/silver_nanoparticle_food_containers.htm
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
• Silver
Contoh Nano-ness
30/09/2013
17
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.idhttp://babydream.en.ec21.com
• NANO. Size matters !POTENSI karena ukuran kecilnya ‘Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different
• Silver
Contoh Nano-ness
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://babydream.en.ec21.com
30/09/2013
18
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?
Pada 2008:104 Jenis pangan, bahan tambahan pangan, food contact materials (kemasan, dll), peralatan masak, dan kimia pertanian mengandung partikel nano (FOE, 2008)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Nanofood ?Food which has been cultivated, produced, processed or packaged usingnanotechnology techniques or tools, or to which manufactured nanomaterials have been added (Joseph and Morrison 2006).
Contoh : • Nano-ingredients, nanomaterial
additives • Nano iron or zinc, dll
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?
Joseph T, Morrison M. 2006. Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food. Nanoforum Report. Available at: http://www.nanoforum.org/dateien/temp/nanotechnology%20in%20agriculture%20and%20food.pdf?08122006200524 (accessed 17 January 2008).
30/09/2013
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Strawberries in a conventional food container (upper row) and nano-silver container (lower row). (Test series and pictures: The Innovation Society Ltd.)http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=9292.php#ixzz2CchTJQhr
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Contoh aplikasi teknologi nano dan partikel nano pada bidang pangan, pertanian, dan kemasan pangan
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?
30/09/2013
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?Contoh aplikasi teknologi nano dan partikel nano pada bidang pangan, pertanian, dan kemasan pangan
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?Contoh aplikasi teknologi nano dan partikel nano pada bidang pangan, pertanian, dan kemasan pangan
Source: www.sprayforlife.com, BASF, The Chemical Company
• Nano Synergy Energy Booster (Vitamin, Calcium, B-Complex)
• Lycopene (supplement carotenoid,phytosterols by BASF)
30/09/2013
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Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?Contoh aplikasi teknologi nano dan partikel nano pada bidang pangan, pertanian, dan kemasan pangan
Health Ingredient Main Reason for Formulation Nanopartikel
CarotenoidsBioavailability
Color StrengthSolid
Co-Enzyme Q10 Bioavailability Solid
Vitamin AStability through encapsulation
Droplet
Vitamin E Compressibility, use in tablets Droplet
Vitamin D, KStability through encapsulation
Droplet
PUFAsStability through encapsulation
Droplet
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?Contoh aplikasi teknologi nano dan partikel nano pada bidang pangan, pertanian, dan kemasan pangan
Nanoparticles: Vitamins and CarotenoidsPrinciples (BASF)
• Partikel nano bebas tidak bertahan dalam udara teroksidasi spontan
• Partikel nano perlu dilindungi dlm struktur matriks; berada dalam partikel bubuk makro
Powder Particle, 0.3 mm
30/09/2013
22
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Nanoclay particle based Beer Bottle (Nanocor Inc)
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?Contoh aplikasi teknologi nano dan partikel nano pada bidang pangan, pertanian, dan kemasan pangan
• lebih ringan
•Lebih kuat
• Lebih mampu menahan gas
(minimisasi kehilangan CO2 pada
produk bir, (carbonated
products)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?Contoh aplikasi teknologi nano dan partikel nano pada bidang pangan, pertanian, dan kemasan pangan
30/09/2013
23
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
A selection of major food and agriculture companies engaged in
nanotechnology research and development
(ETC Group 2004; Innovest 2006; Renton 2006; Wolfe 2005).
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• TEKNOLOGI NANO di Bidang PANGAN?
30/09/2013
24
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
• Cooking oil, teas• ‘Health’ supplements and diet
products• Colour and nutritional
additives for soft drinks, dairy and bakery products
• Food processing aids • Long-life packaging• Antibacterial kitchenware • Fertilisers, pesticides and
agrochemicals
Nano-foods now on sale include (FOE, 2008):
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Contoh produk di US :
Perusahaan Nanoceuticals™ (RBC Life Sciences)
• Produk : “Slim Shake Chocolate”• Milkshake untuk diet; menggunakan
partikel nano silika dilapiskan pada “cocoa clusters”
• Meningkatkan citarasa dengan jumlah cocoa dan gula yg lebih sedikit
• Health risks?
30/09/2013
25
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Precautionary principles :
The UK Royal Society recommended in 2004:• Full safety assessment of all products that
contain nano prior to market release
• All nano ingredients to be labelled
• Environmental release of nanomaterials to beavoided as far as possible
• Factories and research laboratories to treatnanomaterials as if they were hazardous
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Masa depan?
Pertimbangan umum dalam evaluasi produk teknologi Nano :
• Karakterisasi• Keamanan• Dampak lingkungan
30/09/2013
26
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Masa depan?
Jeffery, B. 2011. Food worries: Food Risk Eurobarometer
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Terimakasih...
Purwiyatno Hariyadi:phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
"The Next Big Thing Is Really Small”
30/09/2013
27
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://tulangsendisehat.com/anlene.php(Akses: May 17 2012)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://tulangsendisehat.com/anlene.php(Akses: May 17 2012)
30/09/2013
28
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://www.kalbe.co.id/product-300-fatigon-spirit.html(Akses: May 17 2012)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
BPOM SD 021504861
http://www.kalbe.co.id/product-300-fatigon-spirit.html(Akses: May 17 2012)
30/09/2013
29
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://www.propolisnano.org/p/propolis-nano-c9.html(Akses: May 17 2012)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://www.propolisnano.org/p/propolis-nano-c9.html(Akses: May 17 2012)
30/09/2013
30
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
BPOM TI.084 627 821
http://www.propolisnano.org/p/propolis-nano-c9.html(Akses: May 17 2012)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
http://www.bundaherbal.com/products-page/kopi-nano-goji/coffee-nano-goji(Akses: May 17 2012)
30/09/2013
31
Purwiyatno Hariyadihttp://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/
phariyadi@ipb..ac.id
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
BPOM MD 6499090006423
http://www.bundaherbal.com/products-page/kopi-nano-goji/coffee-nano-goji(Akses: May 17 2012)
Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
Terimakasih...
Purwiyatno Hariyadi:phariyadi@ipb.ac.id
"The Next Big Thing Is Really Small”