Introduction to DatabasesBab 2:Pengantar Database dan Database Management System (DBMS)

Ciri-ciri database● Kumpulan terurut● Berisi elemen data yang saling

berhubungan dan terkait● Didesain untuk kebutuhan informasi

tertentu● Dibagi

Ciri-ciri database

Konsep Database● Konsep utama dan istilah:

○ Data repository○ Data dictionary○ Database software○ Data abstraction○ Data access○ Transaction support

Jenis database

Implementasi Model● Dua model utama:

○ Terpusat (Centralized):■ Satu,server database terletak di pusat

○ Terdistribusi (Distributed): ■ Server Banyak dan data tersebar pada

server

Model Database● Mendekripsikan organisasi data● Model database utama:

○ Hierarchical○ Network○ Relational○ Object-oriented○ Hybrid object-relational

Hierarchical Database Model

● Hierarchical data organization● Root data segment: Data segment at top

level ● Parent-child relationship: Relationship

between pair of data structures at adjacent levels

Model DatabaseHierarchical

Model Database Network● Tidak menyusun data kedalam level

hirarki● Hubungan antara Owner/Member:

○ Owner record type○ Member record type

● Tiap owner mungkin memiliki satu atau lebih tipe member

● Tiap tipe member dan corresponding owner mencatat kumpulan bentuk tipe record, yang mana menunjukkan relationship

Network Database Model

Model Database Relational ● Table: Obyek dasar dari database

relasional○ Structure: Baris dan Kolom○ Merepresentasikan satu entitas diuraikan oleh atribut

● Rows: hal unik atau catatan entitas● Columns: Menyimpan data atribut● Primary key: Memberlakukan keunikan

untuk setiap record● Foreign keys: Mendefinisikan hubungan

antar tabel ○ Mungkin kunci primer atau kolom unik lainnya

Relational Database Model

Model Database Object-Oriented

● Berkembang untuk mengatasi beberapa fitur terbatas dari database relasional

● Memungkinkan ketepatan dan penggambaran lebih benar dari objek dunia nyata

● Mendukung data biner dalam jumlah yang besar, seperti file-file multimedia

Model Database Object-Relational

● Object-relational database management systems (ORDBMS):

○ Kombinasi:■ Ability of object technology to handle advanced

relationship types■ Data integrity, reliability, and recovery features of

relational models○ aplikasi sistem database modern yang sangat

populer dan powerful ○ Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server

Object-Relational Database Table

Lingkungan Database● Lingkungan Database

bertanggungjawab terhadap:○ Penyimpanan Data○ Pemanggilan Data○ Manipulasi Data○ Sekumpulan Aktifitas pendukung lainnya

Komponen Database

● Komponen Lingkungan Database:○ Data repository Data dictionary○ DBMS Systems software○ Hardware Network○ Procedures Application interfaces○ Application software Front-end tools○ Practitioners Users

Komponen Database

Hardware Components● Hardware:

○ Individual computers○ Network infrastructure

● Traditional database deployment:○ Mainframe or mini-computer, or ○ Client/server configuration

■ PCs as both database servers and clients

Komponen Hardware

Komponen Hardware● Manufacturer requirements untuk DBMS:

○ Minimum hardware requirements ○ Recommended configuration

● Important PC hardware components:○ Processor○ Main memory dan memory buffers○ Secondary atau nonvolatile storage devices

● Storage considerations:○ Speed and capacity○ Fault-tolerance (e.g. RAID configurations)○ Backups

Software Requirements● Software components:

○ DBMS:■ khusus untuk database management

system○ Operating system software:

■ Layer between applications and hardware■ Memanajemen hardware, processes,

memory, files, I/O devices, network control dan communications, dan fault detection dan recovery

Software Requirements● Software components:

○ Application programs■ Database application software

■ Server applications■ Client applications■ Server and client applications running as

distributed application

Komponen DBMS● Database engine● Data dictionary● Query processor● Forms generator● Report writer● Other utility tools dan interface modules

DBMS Components

Users dan Practitioners● Users:

○ Casual users○ Regular users○ Power users○ Specialized users○ Individual users

● Practitioners: ○ Business analysts○ Data modelers○ Database designers○ Systems analysts○ Programmer analysts○ Database

administrators

Users and Practitioners

Procedures● Proper methods and procedures:

○ Essential to maintaining database and ensuring consistency

● Procedures may be automated or manual, and include:

○ Usage○ Queries and reports○ Routine maintenance○ Structure change management○ Backup and recovery ○ Database tuning

● Types of databases include production, decision-support, and mass deployment databases.

● Databases are implemented using centralized or distributed model.

● Database models are hierarchical, network, relational, object-oriented, or hybrid object-relational.

● The database environment includes hardware, software, and DBMS components as well as people (users and practitioners) and procedures.

Ringkasan

Kata Kunci● Attribute● Binary large object

(BLOB) data type● Centralized model● Concurrency control● CRUD● Data abstraction● Database engine● Database

management system (DBMS)

● Database practitioner

● Database software● Data catalog● Data dictionary● Data repository● Data type● Decision support

database● Direct memory

access (DMA)● Distributed model● Entity

Kata Kunci● Foreign key● Forms generator● Heterogeneous data

environment● Hierarchical

database model● Main memory● Memory buffer● Metadata● Network database

model● Nonvolatile storage

● Object-oriented database model

● Object-relational database model

● Operating system software

● Physical data pointer● Primary key● Production database● Query● Query optimizer

Kata Kunci● Query processor● RAID● Relational database

model Relational database

● Relationship● Report writer● Schema

● Secondary storage● Structured Query

Language (SQL)● Table● Transaction● Unified Modeling

Language (UML)● View

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